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What are “conjunctive adverbs”?: Difference between revisions
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The purpose of '''conjunctive adverbs''' is to join clauses, phrases, or ideas. When joining two [[What is an independent clause?| independent clauses]], conjunctive adverbs are performing the same function as [[What are “coordinating conjunctions”?| coordinating conjunctions]]; however, the rules of punctuation are different (Simmons 2013). | The purpose of '''conjunctive adverbs''' is to join [[What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?| clauses]], phrases, or ideas. When joining two [[What is an independent clause?| independent clauses]], conjunctive adverbs are performing the same function as [[What are “coordinating conjunctions”?| coordinating conjunctions]]; however, the [[How do you usually punctuate conjunctive adverbs?| rules of punctuation]] are different (Simmons 2013). | ||
Here is a list of common conjunctive adverbs: | Here is a list of common conjunctive adverbs: | ||
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==The Rules== | ==The Rules== | ||
The rules of punctuation when using conjunctive adverbs vary depending on the placement and use of the adverb. | The rules of punctuation when using conjunctive adverbs vary depending on the placement and use of the adverb. | ||
See [http://litmuse.mga.edu/litwiki/index.php?title=How_do_you_usually_punctuate_conjunctive_adverbs%3F punctuating conjuctive adverbs] | |||
There are three main variations: | There are three main variations: | ||
< | <ul> | ||
<li>If the adverb separates two independent clauses, the structure is as follows: <br/> | <li>If the adverb separates two independent clauses, the structure is as follows: <br/> | ||
Clause1; adverb, clause2.</li> | Clause1; adverb, clause2. Notice how the clauses are separated with a semicolon instead of a comma.</li> | ||
<li>If the adverb falls anywhere within a single independent clause, the | <li>If the adverb falls anywhere within a single independent clause, the adverb and clause are separated by a comma: <br/> | ||
Adverb, clause. '''or''' Beginning of clause, adverb, end of clause. '''or''' Clause, adverb ("Using Conjunctive Adverbs" 2012).</li> | Adverb, clause. '''''or''''' Beginning of clause, adverb, end of clause. '''''or''''' Clause, adverb ("Using Conjunctive Adverbs" 2012).</li> | ||
<li>If the adverb creates a weak interruption within a sentence, no commas are necessary (Simmons 2013).</li> | <li>If the adverb creates a weak interruption within a sentence, no commas are necessary (Simmons 2013).</li> | ||
</ | </ul> | ||
==Usage== | ==Usage== | ||
Here are some examples of each variation that correspond with the bullets in the above section: | |||
'''Ex.''' Alice accepted Robert's invitation to the prom; ''subsequently'', she spent the rest of her day thinking about what to wear. | |||
'''Ex.''' ''Conversely'', Robert could focus on nothing with so many thoughts running through his mind. | |||
'''Ex.''' When the prom came, everything was perfect. Robert and Alice could ''finally'' enjoy their time together. | |||
== Examples of Using Conjunctive Adverbs with Punctuation == | |||
'''How to punctuate conjunctive adverbs:''' | |||
When a conjunctive adverb connects two [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/598/01/ independent clauses] in one sentence, it is followed by a semicolon and then usually a comma. | |||
'''Example:''' | |||
Alice read her book; therefore, she was able to go to the party. | |||
As you can see, semi-colon is put after book, and because therefore is the adverb, we follow it with a comma. | |||
Due to budget cuts, critics on rotten tomatoes may lose their jobs; consequently, their finances may fall apart. | |||
If a conjunctive adverb is used in any other position in a sentence, it is set off by commas. | |||
'''Example:''' | |||
Meanwhile, Alice continues to read Science Fiction while soaking her feet in the bath. | |||
Bruce Springstien, however, maintains a huge smile as he walks through the vacant house. | |||
The adverbs used here are meanwhile and however: when used properly, they are almost always followed by a comma. | |||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
<ol> | |||
<li>[http://www.k12reader.com/conjunctive-adverbs/| K12Reader]</li> | |||
<li>[http://www.talkenglish.com/Grammar/conjunctive-adverbs.aspx| TalkEnglish]</li> | |||
<li>[http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/ConjAdv.html University of Wisconsin Writing Handbook] | |||
<li>[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/598/01/ Purdue Owl's Clauses] | |||
</ol> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<ol> | <ol> | ||