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What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?: Difference between revisions
What is the difference between a phrase and a clause? (view source)
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*Gerund- A gerund is a verb ending in -ing, and will function as a noun in a gerund phrase. A gerund phrase includes the gerund and any related words or modifiers. Gerund phrases are sometimes confused with participial phrases, but gerund phrases act as nouns, making them noun phrases, whereas participial phrases function as adjectives or modifiers. For example "The cat's loud meowing" is a gerund phrase, containing the gerund "meowing" and the words that relate to the meowing. While "meowing" is typically a verb, in this phrase it is functioning as a gerund. Other phrases, such as prepositional phrases, can be apart of a gerund phrase. | *Gerund- A gerund is a verb ending in -ing, and will function as a noun in a gerund phrase. A gerund phrase includes the gerund and any related words or modifiers. Gerund phrases are sometimes confused with participial phrases, but gerund phrases act as nouns, making them noun phrases, whereas participial phrases function as adjectives or modifiers. For example "The cat's loud meowing" is a gerund phrase, containing the gerund "meowing" and the words that relate to the meowing. While "meowing" is typically a verb, in this phrase it is functioning as a gerund. Other phrases, such as prepositional phrases, can be apart of a gerund phrase. | ||
'''Ex.''' ''The cat's loud meowing'' woke us up. | '''Ex.''' ''The cat's loud meowing'' woke us up. | ||
*Infinitive- An infinitive phrase contains an infinitive (to + verb, such as "to walk" or "to sleep") and all of its related words. An infinitive phrase is usually a noun phrase, but may also function as an adjective or an adverb. For example "to meow loudly" includes an infinitive, a modifier, and an incomplete thought, forming an infinitive phrase. | *Infinitive- An infinitive phrase contains an infinitive (to + verb, such as "to walk" or "to sleep") and all of its related words. An infinitive phrase is usually a noun phrase, but may also function as an adjective or an adverb. For example "to meow loudly" includes an infinitive, a modifier, and an incomplete thought, forming an infinitive phrase. | ||
'''Ex.''' The cat was encouraged not ''to meow loudly''. | '''Ex.''' The cat was encouraged not ''to meow loudly''. | ||
*Appositive- An appositive is a single word phrase that renames a noun without actually modifying it. The noun being renamed immediately precedes the appositive phrase, for example "My cat, Lily" renames the cat Lily. | *Appositive- An appositive is a single word phrase that renames a noun without actually modifying it. The noun being renamed immediately precedes the appositive phrase, for example "My cat, Lily" renames the cat Lily. | ||
'''Ex.''' ''My cat, Lily,'' is lazy. | '''Ex.''' ''My cat, Lily,'' is lazy. | ||
*Prepositional- A prepositional phrases is a phrase that starts with a preposition and includes the entire preposition. A prepositional phrase is often contained within other phrases. For example "on the table" and "under the bed" are prepositional phrases. | *Prepositional- A prepositional phrases is a phrase that starts with a preposition and includes the entire preposition. A prepositional phrase is often contained within other phrases. For example "on the table" and "under the bed" are prepositional phrases. | ||
'''Ex.''' I left my purse ''on the table'' or ''under the bed''. | '''Ex.''' I left my purse ''on the table'' or ''under the bed''. | ||
*Participial- A participial phrase contains a past or present participle and always functions as an adjective. Participles are verbs ending in -ed or -ing that function as adjectives. For example "shining beautifully" or "shined beautifully" can both describe the ocean, and act as participial phrases when they modify the noun, ocean. | *Participial- A participial phrase contains a past or present participle and always functions as an adjective. Participles are verbs ending in -ed or -ing that function as adjectives. For example "shining beautifully" or "shined beautifully" can both describe the ocean, and act as participial phrases when they modify the noun, ocean. | ||
'''Ex.''' The ocean, ''shining beautifully'', was far in the distance. | '''Ex.''' The ocean, ''shining beautifully'', was far in the distance. | ||
*Verb- A verb phrase includes a verb and all words related to the verb. For example "Run slowly" is a verb phrase. | *Verb- A verb phrase includes a verb and all words related to the verb. For example "Run slowly" is a verb phrase. | ||
'''Ex.'' She advised us to ''run slowly''. | '''Ex.'' She advised us to ''run slowly''. | ||
*Absolute- Absolute phrases modify an entire sentence, not just a noun or section of the sentence. They are almost an entire clause, containing partial predicates, but do not contain complete thoughts or finite verbs. For example "The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets" contains no finite verb, but is long enough that it will likely modify most of the sentence containing it. | *Absolute- Absolute phrases modify an entire sentence, not just a noun or section of the sentence. They are almost an entire clause, containing partial predicates, but do not contain complete thoughts or finite verbs. For example "The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets" contains no finite verb, but is long enough that it will likely modify most of the sentence containing it. | ||
'''Ex.''' ''The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets'', slept quietly. | '''Ex.''' ''The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets'', slept quietly. | ||