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What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?: Difference between revisions

What is the difference between a phrase and a clause? (view source)

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Phrases are groups of words that are part of a sentence, but do not contain both a subject and a predicate. Phrases do not express complete thoughts, but do combine words to form an element of a sentence.  A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. A clause can be dependent or independent. A dependent clause is part of a sentence. An independent clause can be part of a sentence or it can stand alone as a complete sentence. Independent clauses can be joined to form a sentence.
Phrases are groups of words that are part of a sentence, but do not contain both a subject and a predicate. Phrases do not express complete thoughts, but do combine words to form an element of a sentence.  A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. A clause can be dependent or independent. A dependent clause is part of a sentence. An independent clause can be part of a sentence or it can stand alone as a complete sentence. Independent clauses can be joined to form a sentence. The key difference between phrases and clauses that clauses contain subject and predicates, and while a phrase may contain the subject, it never contains a complete predicate. However, a phrase may include a partial predicate. Clauses are generally complete thoughts, while phrases do not express complete thoughts, but contribute towards one.
 
[[File:clause.jpg]]
[[File:clause.jpg]]


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*A clause is a part of a sentence that contains both a subject and a predicate.
*A clause is a part of a sentence that contains both a subject and a predicate.
     '''Ex.''' The bus stopped to pick me up.
     '''Ex.''' The bus stopped to pick me up.
In this sentence the clause "bus stopped to pick" contains the subject (bus) and the predicate (stopped).


In this sentence the clause "bus stopped to pick" contains the subject (bus) and the predicate (stopped).


*A clause that cannot stand alone is a dependent or subordinate clause.
*A clause that cannot stand alone is a dependent or subordinate clause.
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*An essential, or restrictive clause, is one that cannot be removed from a sentence without changing the meaning of the
*An essential, or restrictive clause, is one that cannot be removed from a sentence without changing the meaning of the
sentence.
sentence.
     '''Ex.'''  ''Swimmers who practice'' everyday win at the competition.
     '''Ex.'''  ''Swimmers who practice'' everyday win at the competition.


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*A time clause is a type of adverb clause and is introduced with conjunctions such as; when, after, before, as soon as,  
*A time clause is a type of adverb clause and is introduced with conjunctions such as; when, after, before, as soon as,  
whenever, and while. A time clause is dependent.
whenever, and while. A time clause is dependent.
     '''Ex.'''  as soon as we get to the theater
     '''Ex.'''  as soon as we get to the theater


*An adjective clause takes the place of an adjective and follows the noun that it modifies. An adjective clause comes after
*An adjective clause takes the place of an adjective and follows the noun that it modifies. An adjective clause comes after
what it modifies.  relative pronouns such as who, what, or that. An adjective clause is dependent.
what it modifies.  relative pronouns such as who, what, or that. An adjective clause is dependent.
     '''Ex.'''  after she rode the bicycle
     '''Ex.'''  after she rode the bicycle


*A noun clause takes the place of a noun and answers the question "who" or "what". Noun clauses are introduced with words
*A noun clause takes the place of a noun and answers the question "who" or "what". Noun clauses are introduced with words
as such; that if, who, what, where, when, why, whom, how, whenever, wherever, whoever, or whatever. A noun clause is  dependent.
as such; that if, who, what, where, when, why, whom, how, whenever, wherever, whoever, or whatever. A noun clause is  dependent.
     '''Ex.'''  what I decided to bring
     '''Ex.'''  what I decided to bring


*An adverb clause takes place of an adverb and answers questions such as "when", "where", "why", or "under what   
*An adverb clause takes place of an adverb and answers questions such as "when", "where", "why", or "under what   
circumstances. An adverb clause is introduced with subordinate conjunctions such as; when, where, like, such as, since,
circumstances. An adverb clause is introduced with subordinate conjunctions such as; when, where, like, such as, since,
or after. An adverb clause is dependent.
or after. An adverb clause is dependent.
     '''Ex.'''  where the cars were parking  
     '''Ex.'''  where the cars were parking  


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*Noun Phrase- There are several types of noun phrases: appositive, gerund, and infinitive phrases. A noun phrase includes a noun and any words that are being used to modify that noun. For example "fat, lazy, brown cat on the chair" is a phrase which contains characteristics and location of the noun, but is not a complete thought. A noun phrase can include other phrases, like the prepositional phrase describing the cat's location.
*Noun Phrase- There are several types of noun phrases: appositive, gerund, and infinitive phrases. A noun phrase includes a noun and any words that are being used to modify that noun. For example "fat, lazy, brown cat on the chair" is a phrase which contains characteristics and location of the noun, but is not a complete thought. A noun phrase can include other phrases, like the prepositional phrase describing the cat's location.
  '''Ex.''' The ''fat, lazy, brown cat on the chair'' sat quietly.


*Gerund- A gerund is a verb ending in -ing, and will function as a noun in a gerund phrase. A gerund phrase includes the gerund and any related words or modifiers. Gerund phrases are sometimes confused with participial phrases, but gerund phrases act as nouns, making them noun phrases, whereas participial phrases function as adjectives or modifiers. For example "The cat's loud meowing" is a gerund phrase, containing the gerund "meowing" and the words that relate to the meowing. While "meowing" is typically a verb, in this phrase it is functioning as a gerund. Other phrases, such as prepositional phrases, can be apart of a gerund phrase.
*Gerund- A gerund is a verb ending in -ing, and will function as a noun in a gerund phrase. A gerund phrase includes the gerund and any related words or modifiers. Gerund phrases are sometimes confused with participial phrases, but gerund phrases act as nouns, making them noun phrases, whereas participial phrases function as adjectives or modifiers. For example "The cat's loud meowing" is a gerund phrase, containing the gerund "meowing" and the words that relate to the meowing. While "meowing" is typically a verb, in this phrase it is functioning as a gerund. Other phrases, such as prepositional phrases, can be apart of a gerund phrase.
  '''Ex.''' ''The cat's loud meowing'' woke us up.


*Infinitive- An infinitive phrase contains an infinitive (to + verb, such as "to walk" or "to sleep") and all of its related words. An infinitive phrase is usually a noun phrase, but may also function as an adjective or an adverb. For example "to meow loudly" includes an infinitive, a modifier, and an incomplete thought, forming an infinitive phrase.
*Infinitive- An infinitive phrase contains an infinitive (to + verb, such as "to walk" or "to sleep") and all of its related words. An infinitive phrase is usually a noun phrase, but may also function as an adjective or an adverb. For example "to meow loudly" includes an infinitive, a modifier, and an incomplete thought, forming an infinitive phrase.
  '''Ex.''' The cat was encouraged not ''to meow loudly''.


*Appositive- An appositive is a single word phrase that renames a noun without actually modifying it. The noun being renamed immediately precedes the appositive phrase, for example "My cat, Lily" renames the cat Lily.
*Appositive- An appositive is a single word phrase that renames a noun without actually modifying it. The noun being renamed immediately precedes the appositive phrase, for example "My cat, Lily" renames the cat Lily.
  '''Ex.''' ''My cat, Lily,'' is lazy.


*Prepositional- A prepositional phrases is a phrase that starts with a preposition and includes the entire preposition. A prepositional phrase is often contained within other phrases. For example "on the table" and "under the bed" are prepositional phrases.
*Prepositional- A prepositional phrases is a phrase that starts with a preposition and includes the entire preposition. A prepositional phrase is often contained within other phrases. For example "on the table" and "under the bed" are prepositional phrases.
  '''Ex.''' I left my purse ''on the table'' or ''under the bed''.


*Participial- A participial phrase contains a past or present participle and always functions as an adjective. Participles are verbs ending in -ed or -ing that function as adjectives. For example "shining beautifully" or "shined beautifully" can both describe the ocean, and act as participial phrases when they modify the noun, ocean.
*Participial- A participial phrase contains a past or present participle and always functions as an adjective. Participles are verbs ending in -ed or -ing that function as adjectives. For example "shining beautifully" or "shined beautifully" can both describe the ocean, and act as participial phrases when they modify the noun, ocean.


*Verb- A verb phrase includes a verb and all words related to the verb.  For example "Run slowly in the park" is a verb phrase.
  '''Ex.''' The ocean, ''shining beautifully'', was far in the distance.
 
*Verb- A verb phrase includes a verb and all words related to the verb.  For example "Run slowly" is a verb phrase.
 
  '''Ex.'' She advised us to ''run slowly''.
 
*Absolute- Absolute phrases modify an entire sentence, not just a noun or section of the sentence. They are almost an entire clause, containing partial predicates, but do not contain complete thoughts or finite verbs. For example "The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets" contains no finite verb, but is long enough that it will likely modify most of the sentence containing it.


*Absolute- Absolute phrases modify an entire sentence, not just a noun or section of the sentence. They are almost an entire clause, containing partial predicates, but do not contain complete thoughts or finite verbs. For example "The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets" contains no finite verb, but is long enough that it will likely modify most of the sentence containing it.  
  '''Ex.''' ''The cat, sore and tired but warm beneath the blankets'', slept quietly.  




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