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Voltaire: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Context== | ==Historical Context== | ||
The [[Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]]. | The [[Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]]. | ||
'''Anabaptist''' | |||
The Anabaptists were started by a man named Huldrych Zwingli of Switzerland. He preached things such as “tithes paid to the church to sustain layabout monks and nuns can not be supported from the bible” ([http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15277043/ Armstrong 15 )]. During this time the dominant church was the Roman Catholic Church led by the pope. The Anabaptist movement was one of many Christian reformations against the power and authority of the Catholic Church. “In 1523-1524 Zwingli used the support the civil authorities in Zurich to carry out the reforms that opposed the papacy, the power of the monastic orders, and the hierarchy of the church” (Wentz 35). The Anabaptists are so named because they did not believe in infancy baptism. They instead advocated the idea of believers baptism and only adults should be baptized as Jesus Christ had been baptized; hence the name Anabaptist which means re baptizers. The act of Rebaptizing made them “outlaws and in church and society” ([http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15277043/ Armstrong 16 )]. The Anabaptists emphasized separation of church and state, simple living, and modeling your life based upon the New testament of the bible with “little distinction between clergy and laity” (Wentz 39). | |||
Under much persecution as with the other reformation groups, the Anabaptist came together in the city of Schleitheim listing several point of agreement. | |||
“believer’s baptism upon confession of faith; the practice of mutual church discipline (the ban); the Lord’s Supper in place of Mass; separation from the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches; the role of ministers (“shepards”); rejection of violence (“sword”); and rejection of oaths. | |||
'''Jesuits''' | |||
The Jesuits are also known as the “Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534. “The Jesuits were a major factor in the loyalist Reformation and have been known for their theological and educational work and their missionary programs” (Wentz 41). The Jesuits started out as a band of preachers of the gospel ready to be sent anywhere in the world” ([http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16926325/ O'Malley 10)]. The Society of Jesus became a group to counter the reformation and made themselves at the disposal of the Catholic Church, remaining loyal to the Pope. | |||
“The Jesuits’ first missions were established …..in Paraguay and Brazil” ([http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1730035/ O'Mara322)] were they established missionaries that turned into self-sustaining villages called reductions. The Jesuits taught the natives not only Christianity but also skills such as “carpentry and the arts---painting, sculpture, and music” ([http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1730035/ O'Mara322)].Within the walls of each city there was between 1000 and 5000 natives sharing the wealth created by the city. Each reduction had churches, hospitals, prisons, and schools. The economic wealth was so great that the surrounding villages including the Spanish settlements became jealous of their success ([http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1730035/ O'Mara322)]. | |||
==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||