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Literary criticism: Difference between revisions
→Types of literary criticism
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'''Psychoanalytic Criticism, Jungian Criticism (1930s-present)''' <br /> | '''Psychoanalytic Criticism, Jungian Criticism (1930s-present)''' <br /> | ||
Psycholoanalytic Criticism and Jungian Criticism interpret writings, authors, and readers through a psychological lens. The main focus for Psychological Criticism is on the expression of the unconscious mind in the work, looking at psychology in the narrative itself as well as in the author. Psychological critics consider the symbols in the work and what they might mean; they evaluate the psychological state of characters and examine their motivations and actions with an understanding of psychology in mind. This type of criticism also explores matricide as a literary theme and can explore the author’s own history to determine why they chose to tell that particular story.<ref>wiseGEEK [http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-psychological-criticism.htm "What Is Psychological Criticism?"] Accessed July 2, 2014</ref> | Psycholoanalytic Criticism and Jungian Criticism interpret writings, authors, and readers through a psychological lens. The main focus for Psychological Criticism is on the expression of the unconscious mind in the work, looking at psychology in the narrative itself as well as in the author. Psychological critics consider the symbols in the work and what they might mean; they evaluate the psychological state of characters and examine their motivations and actions with an understanding of psychology in mind. This type of criticism also explores matricide as a literary theme and can explore the author’s own history to determine why they chose to tell that particular story.<ref>wiseGEEK [http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-psychological-criticism.htm "What Is Psychological Criticism?"] Accessed July 2, 2014</ref><br /> | ||
Some examples of Psychoanalytic and Jungian Criticism can be found in the works of [[Sigmund Freud]] and [[C.G. Jung]]. Psychoanalytic Criticism builds on Freudian theories of psychology <ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>. His work, ''Creative Writers and Daydreamers'', or ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' are good starting points to understanding this form of criticism. Jung, who was a student of Freud, wrote ''On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry'', a good source for understanding Jungian Criticism.<br /> | Some examples of Psychoanalytic and Jungian Criticism can be found in the works of [[Sigmund Freud]] and [[C.G. Jung]]. Psychoanalytic Criticism builds on Freudian theories of psychology <ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>. His work, ''Creative Writers and Daydreamers'', or ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' are good starting points to understanding this form of criticism. Jung, who was a student of Freud, wrote ''On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry'', a good source for understanding Jungian Criticism.<br /> | ||
'''Marxist Criticism (1930s-present)'''<br /> | '''Marxist Criticism (1930s-present)'''<br /> | ||
Marxist criticism, or sociological criticism, involves discussions of society, social relationships, and historical events that may affect society; shows the relationship between the artist and the society in which they live and how society affects an artist. Introduced by Kenneth Burke, Sociological Criticism is literary criticism directed to understanding literature in its larger social context. It examines the work of art in its social context and studies its social effects. Sociological critics focus on ideologies and experiences of people who lived in the specific time period and their culture; they look for themes of oppression and liberation. <ref> mmaurno [http://www.scribd.com/doc/18167893/Types-of-Literary-Criticism Types of Literary Criticism] Accessed July 8, 2014</ref><br /> | |||
Marxist Criticisms are based on the theories of [[Karl Marx]]. The writings of [[Leon Trotsky]]’s ''Literature and Revolution'', and [[Georg Lukács]]’ ''The Ideology of Modernism'', are available to assist with the understanding of Marxist Criticism in literature<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>. <br /> | Marxist Criticisms are based on the theories of [[Karl Marx]]. The writings of [[Leon Trotsky]]’s ''Literature and Revolution'', and [[Georg Lukács]]’ ''The Ideology of Modernism'', are available to assist with the understanding of Marxist Criticism in literature<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>. <br /> | ||
'''Reader-Response Criticism (1960s-present)''' <br />The works of authors Peter Rabinowitz’s ''Before Reading'', or Norman Holland’s ''The Dynamics of Literary Response'', are well known sources for expanding your understanding of Reader-Response Criticism. Hans Robert Jauss’ ''Horizons for Reading'' is also another source for information on this type of literary criticism<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>.<br /> | '''Reader-Response Criticism (1960s-present)''' <br /> | ||
Reader-response criticism is a literary criticism that focuses on what texts do. These critics raise rhetorical questions that regard how the readers join in with the author in a way of being able to help the text have meaning. Instead of being an impressionistic free-for-all, subjective or legitimizing of all half-baked personal comments on a literary work. Instead, reader-response criticism is focused on finding the in the act of reading and looking at the ways readers or communities responses through examination of their individual experiences through texts. <ref> Delahyde, Michael [http://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/reader.crit.html Reader Response Criticism] Accessed July 10, 2014</ref><br /> | |||
The works of authors Peter Rabinowitz’s ''Before Reading'', or Norman Holland’s ''The Dynamics of Literary Response'', are well known sources for expanding your understanding of Reader-Response Criticism. Hans Robert Jauss’ ''Horizons for Reading'' is also another source for information on this type of literary criticism<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>.<br /> | |||
'''Structuralism/Semiotics (1920s-present)''' <br />Two important theorists form the framework of structuralism are Charles Sanders Peirce and Ferdinand de Saussure. ''Syntactic Structures'', written by Noam Chomsky, ''Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays'' by Northrop Frye, and ''The Elementary Structure of Kinship'' by [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] are good sources for better understanding on Structuralism<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>. <br /> | '''Structuralism/Semiotics (1920s-present)''' <br />Two important theorists form the framework of structuralism are Charles Sanders Peirce and Ferdinand de Saussure. ''Syntactic Structures'', written by Noam Chomsky, ''Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays'' by Northrop Frye, and ''The Elementary Structure of Kinship'' by [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] are good sources for better understanding on Structuralism<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>. <br /> | ||
'''New Historicism/Cultural Studies (1980s-present)''' <br />New Historicism has been studied and explored extensively in many works. Clifford Geertz’s ''The Interpretation of Cultures'' or Pierre Bourdieu’s ''Outline of a Theory of Practice'' are good places to start when researching important examples of New Historicism literature. Stephen Greenblatt, who coined the phrase “New Historicism”, wrote ''The Power of Forms in the English Renaissance'', another good source for information on this form of literary criticism<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>.<br /> | '''New Historicism/Cultural Studies (1980s-present)''' <br />New Historicism has been studied and explored extensively in many works. Clifford Geertz’s ''The Interpretation of Cultures'' or Pierre Bourdieu’s ''Outline of a Theory of Practice'' are good places to start when researching important examples of New Historicism literature. Stephen Greenblatt, who coined the phrase “New Historicism”, wrote ''The Power of Forms in the English Renaissance'', another good source for information on this form of literary criticism<ref>Brizee, Allen;Tompkins, J.Case [https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/722/ “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism”]Accessed July 7, 2014</ref>.<br /> | ||