Hamartia

The tragic protagonist’s flaw that precipitates his/her fall from a position of good fortune to bad fortune, often associated with is/her overweening hubris, and integral to tragedy. Hamartia is a term taken from archery, meaning “falling short of the mark,” but it also suggests “sin,” “trespass,” “fault,” “mistake,” “error,” etc. Hamlet’s hamartia may be said, then, to be his uncertainty in the face of action; Oedipus’ is his arrogance and faith in his reasoning that blinds him to obvious facts; and Medea’s is her pride as a foreign princess vis-a-vis her position as an outcast in Corinth. Therefore, hamartia has much to do with the character’s disposition, or nature, when approaching his/her dilemma — a nature that s/he cannot overcome, and thus leads to the tragic outcome.

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Literary Terms