What is a sentence?: Difference between revisions

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"A sentence is a unit of language charecterized in most languages by the presence of a finite verb" (wikipedia). Sentences  are classified two ways: according to their structure (simple, compuond, complex, and compound-complex) and according to their purpose (declaritive, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory) (Hacker 463).
"A sentence is a unit of language charecterized in most languages by the presence of a finite verb" (wikipedia). Sentences  are classified three ways: according to their structure (simple, compuond, complex, and compound-complex) and according to their purpose (declaritive, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory), and according to grammar types (transitive verb: S-TV-O, S-TV-DO-IO, and S-TV-DO-OC; intransitive verb: S-IV; linking verb: S-BV-N or Adj, S-BV-Adv, S-LV-N or Adj, S-BV-Adj-PP or NC) (Hacker 463), (Rodby 45-49).  The basic unit in writing is the sentence.


===Structure===
===Structure===


*Simple sentence: A Simple sentence is one independent clause with no subordinate clauses ( Hacker 464).
*Simple sentence: A Simple sentence is one independent clause with no subordinate clauses ( Hacker 464). "I am not very good a writing essays."


*Compound sentence: A compuond sentence is composed of two or more independent clauses with no subordinate clauses. The independent clauses are usually joined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (''and'', ''but '', ''or'', ''not'', ''for'', ''so'', ''yet'') or with a semicolon (Hacker 464).
*Compound sentence: A compound sentence is composed of two or more independent clauses with no subordinate clauses. The independent clauses are usually joined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (''and'', ''but '', ''or'', ''not'', ''for'', ''so'', ''yet'') or with a semicolon (Hacker 464). "The girl ran fast, though her classmates were gaining on her."


*Complex sentence: A complex sentence is composed of one independent clause with one or more subordinate clauses (Hacker 464).
*Complex sentence: A complex sentence is composed of one independent clause with one or more subordinate clauses (Hacker 464).


*Compound-complex sentence:A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause (Hacker 464).  
*Compound-complex sentence:A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause (Hacker 464).


===Purpose===
===Purpose===


*Declaritive sentences make statments (Hacker 465).
There are four major patterns that function in a sentence.
*Imperative sentences issue requests or commands (hacker 465).
*Declaritive sentences make statements (Hacker 465)."The weather is nice today."
*Interrogative sentences ask questions (Hacker 465).
*Imperative sentences issue requests or commands (hacker 465). "Go to the store."
*Exclamatory sentences make exclamations (Hacker 465).
*Interrogative sentences ask questions (Hacker 465). "What time is it anyways?"
*Exclamatory sentences make exclamations (Hacker 465). "What a fun ride"!


===Grammar===
There are eight basic sentence types or kernals within three verb types (transitive, intransitive, and linking).
*Transitive
**Sentence with a transitive verb and an object: "The girl sees the tree" (Rodby 45).
**Sentence with a transitive verb and a direct object and an indirect object: "The professor gives the students an assignment" (Rodby 45).
**Sentence with a transitive verb and a direct object and either a noun or an adjective as a complement: "Milly calls Jane a fool" (Rodby 46).
*Intransitive
**Sentence with an intransitive verb: "The man sleeps" (Rodby 46).
*Linking
**Sentence with a ''be'' verb and a noun or adjective: "The man is nice" (Rodby 46).
**Sentence with a ''be'' verb and an adverb of time or place or both: "The meeting is here" (Rodby 46).
**Sentence with a linking verb followed by a noun or an adjective: "The dog becomes vicious" (Rodby 46).
**Sentence with a ''be'' verb or a linking verb, an adjective, and either a prepositional phrase or a noun clause: "The dog was aware that he was cold" (Rodby 46).
==How to make a sentence==
==How to make a sentence==


*A sentence should have a subject and a verb.
*A sentence should have a [[What is "subject/verb agreement"?|subject and a verb.]]
*The first word should always be a capital letter.
*The first word should always be a capital letter.
*Sentnce must end with a period, question mark or an exclamation point.
*Sentences must end with a [[What is the correct way to use punctuation?|period, question mark, or an exclamation point.]]
*Must be a complete thought.  
*Sentences must be a complete thought.
*A sentence can be either positive or negative in function.
 


==Usage==
===Subject and verb===
The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. The verb tells what the subject of the sentence does. It tells the action.
:To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the verb and then make a question by placing who? or what? before it. The answer is the subject(Peck).
:Sentences should have a predicate that says something about the verb.


===Capital letter===
A capital letter is placed at the begining of a sentence to show authority and to mark the begining.
:We are starting class at one.


===Punctuation===
*Periods are used to mark the end of a sentence expressing a statment (Darling).
:It is a nice day today.


*Question marks are used at the end of a direct question or to show that something is uncertain (Darling).
:What time does the store close?


*Exclamation points are used after an exclamation of surprise, shock or dismay, which is generally a short sentence or phrase expressing very strong feeling (Darling).
:The pool party was great!
:What a ride!


===Complete thought===
A group of words must be capable of standing on its own to be considered a sentence.
:She going  (incomplete)
:She is going to work at four.  (complete)


===Links===


*[http://115170032534.webcitehome.co.uk/punctuation.html "How to use punctuation"]


*[http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammer/subjpred.html#subject "Subject and predicate"]


*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=sentence_%28linguistics%29&oldid=608117917 "Sentence linguistics"]


==Works Cited==
*Darling, Roger. "How to use punctuation." 22 Mar 2006. Online. 12 Jul 2006
<http://115170032534.webcitehome.co.uk/punctuation.html>


'''What is a sentence'''
*Peck, Frances. "Subject and Predicate." 1994. Online. 12 Jul 2006.
<http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammer/subjpred.html#subject>


The basic unit in writing is the sentence. Sentences should include a main verb,a subject,and a predicate which says something about the verb.  
*Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference.'' 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.


Many people think that a sentence simply begins with a capital
*Rodby, Judith. "The Uses of Grammar." 2nd ed. Anderson, South Carolina: Parlor Press, 2012.
letter and ends in a question mark or period.  This is not a fact.  There are at least four major patterns that function in a sentence; declaratives,interrogatives,imperatives and exclamations.  Declaratives being sentences that make statements.  Interrogatives are questions.  Imperatives usually demand some form of action. Exclamations express strong emotion. Typically the subject in a sentence announces what the sentence is about. The predicate conveys an action of the subject. A imperative usually implies what the subject is. A imperative is an exception to the rule. Sentences are clasified according to function.  


A sentence can be either positive or negative in function. A single independent clause constitutes a sentence.  Noting the number and kinds of clauses can identify a sentence.  Understanding types of clauses helps you identify sentences.  A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause such as "I am not very good at writing essays."  Two independent clauses with no dependent clause represents a compound sentence.  "The girl ran very fast.  Her classmates were gaining on her as she ran. Oh boy." May be an example of a compound sentence.  Complex sentences have one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. " She ran very fast down the lane. Give it to her."  Is an complex sentence.  Two independent clauses and one dependent clause along with one dependent clause represent a compound-complex sentence such as: The rain fell heavily most of today.  The weatherman predicted partly cloudy mostly sunny today. He was wrong. It takes practice to learn good writing habits.
*Wikipedia. "Sentence Linguistics." 27 Jun 2006. Online. 12 Jul 2006.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=sentence_%28linguistics%29&oldid=60811791>

Latest revision as of 12:07, 15 November 2013

"A sentence is a unit of language charecterized in most languages by the presence of a finite verb" (wikipedia). Sentences are classified three ways: according to their structure (simple, compuond, complex, and compound-complex) and according to their purpose (declaritive, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory), and according to grammar types (transitive verb: S-TV-O, S-TV-DO-IO, and S-TV-DO-OC; intransitive verb: S-IV; linking verb: S-BV-N or Adj, S-BV-Adv, S-LV-N or Adj, S-BV-Adj-PP or NC) (Hacker 463), (Rodby 45-49). The basic unit in writing is the sentence.

Structure

  • Simple sentence: A Simple sentence is one independent clause with no subordinate clauses ( Hacker 464). "I am not very good a writing essays."
  • Compound sentence: A compound sentence is composed of two or more independent clauses with no subordinate clauses. The independent clauses are usually joined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, but , or, not, for, so, yet) or with a semicolon (Hacker 464). "The girl ran fast, though her classmates were gaining on her."
  • Complex sentence: A complex sentence is composed of one independent clause with one or more subordinate clauses (Hacker 464).
  • Compound-complex sentence:A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause (Hacker 464).

Purpose

There are four major patterns that function in a sentence.

  • Declaritive sentences make statements (Hacker 465)."The weather is nice today."
  • Imperative sentences issue requests or commands (hacker 465). "Go to the store."
  • Interrogative sentences ask questions (Hacker 465). "What time is it anyways?"
  • Exclamatory sentences make exclamations (Hacker 465). "What a fun ride"!

Grammar

There are eight basic sentence types or kernals within three verb types (transitive, intransitive, and linking).

  • Transitive
    • Sentence with a transitive verb and an object: "The girl sees the tree" (Rodby 45).
    • Sentence with a transitive verb and a direct object and an indirect object: "The professor gives the students an assignment" (Rodby 45).
    • Sentence with a transitive verb and a direct object and either a noun or an adjective as a complement: "Milly calls Jane a fool" (Rodby 46).
  • Intransitive
    • Sentence with an intransitive verb: "The man sleeps" (Rodby 46).
  • Linking
    • Sentence with a be verb and a noun or adjective: "The man is nice" (Rodby 46).
    • Sentence with a be verb and an adverb of time or place or both: "The meeting is here" (Rodby 46).
    • Sentence with a linking verb followed by a noun or an adjective: "The dog becomes vicious" (Rodby 46).
    • Sentence with a be verb or a linking verb, an adjective, and either a prepositional phrase or a noun clause: "The dog was aware that he was cold" (Rodby 46).

How to make a sentence


Usage

Subject and verb

The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. The verb tells what the subject of the sentence does. It tells the action.

To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the verb and then make a question by placing who? or what? before it. The answer is the subject(Peck).
Sentences should have a predicate that says something about the verb.

Capital letter

A capital letter is placed at the begining of a sentence to show authority and to mark the begining.

We are starting class at one.

Punctuation

  • Periods are used to mark the end of a sentence expressing a statment (Darling).
It is a nice day today.
  • Question marks are used at the end of a direct question or to show that something is uncertain (Darling).
What time does the store close?
  • Exclamation points are used after an exclamation of surprise, shock or dismay, which is generally a short sentence or phrase expressing very strong feeling (Darling).
The pool party was great!
What a ride!

Complete thought

A group of words must be capable of standing on its own to be considered a sentence.

She going (incomplete)
She is going to work at four. (complete)

Links

Works Cited

  • Darling, Roger. "How to use punctuation." 22 Mar 2006. Online. 12 Jul 2006

<http://115170032534.webcitehome.co.uk/punctuation.html>

  • Peck, Frances. "Subject and Predicate." 1994. Online. 12 Jul 2006.

<http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammer/subjpred.html#subject>

  • Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.
  • Rodby, Judith. "The Uses of Grammar." 2nd ed. Anderson, South Carolina: Parlor Press, 2012.
  • Wikipedia. "Sentence Linguistics." 27 Jun 2006. Online. 12 Jul 2006.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=sentence_%28linguistics%29&oldid=60811791>

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