Metaphor - Revision history

Glucas: A bit of cleanup - no content added

2006-10-09T16:03:29Z

A bit of cleanup - no content added

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 9 October 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~== Metaphor ==~~		A figure of speech in which a comparison between two things are made. Metaphors are one of the most common forms of figurative language. Perrine states that metaphor may take one of four forms:
	A figure of speech in which a comparison between two things are made. Metaphors are one of the most common forms of figurative language. Perrine states that ~~“it~~ may take one of four forms: (1) that in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named; (2) that in which the literal term is named and the figurative term implied; (3) that in which the literal term is implied and the figurative term named; (4) that in which both the literal and the figurative terms are implied” (1461). Connolly speaks of four figures of speech that are similar. They are [[simile]], metaphor, [[personification]], and [[allegory]] (141). Although a simile also uses comparisons they are usually connected by the words like, as, such, and thus. Sometimes a metaphor can be extended through a whole [[narrative]], this is called allegory. The Encyclopedia Britannica suggest that there are two parts to a metaphor, the tenor and vehicle. Tenor is the literal meaning and vehicle is for the figurative meaning.

	~~== Etymology ==~~		# that in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named
	~~The word metaphor comes from Greek metaphora~~ and is ~~derived from ''meta''~~ which ~~means “over”~~ and ~~''pherein'' meaning “to carry”. Hawkes claims that characteristics of one object~~ are ~~“carried over” to a second object as if it were the first~~(1).		# that in which the literal term is named and the figurative term implied
			# that in which the literal term is implied and the figurative term named
			# that in which both the literal and the figurative terms are implied (1461)

			Connolly speaks of four figures of speech that are similar. They are [[simile]], metaphor, [[personification]], and [[allegory]] (141). Although a simile also uses comparisons they are usually connected by the words like, as, such, and thus. Sometimes a metaphor can be extended through a whole [[narrative]], this is called allegory. The Encyclopedia Britannica suggest that there are two parts to a metaphor, the tenor and vehicle. Tenor is the literal meaning and vehicle is for the figurative meaning.

			== Etymology ==
	== ~~Types~~ ==		The word metaphor comes from Greek metaphora and is derived from ''meta'' which means “over” and ''pherein'' meaning “to carry”. Hawkes claims that characteristics of one object are “carried over” to a second object as if it were the first (1).
	~~Webster’s Dictionary defines a~~ ''~~dead~~'' ~~metaphor as a word or phrase that has lost its metaphoric force through common usage,~~ and a ''~~mixed~~'' ~~metaphor is combining inconsistent or incongruous metaphors~~. ~~Singleton gives an instance~~ of ~~a dead metaphor when he writes “Tenderfoot, for example, is~~ one ~~not yet inured~~ to the ~~hardships of an outdoor life, and the word once bore the image of someone whose feet were sore from unwonted exercise”~~(39).


	== Example ==		== Example ==
	''The Bight'' by Elizabeth Bishop, quotes “Pelicans crash into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, it seems to me, like pickaxes, rarely coming up with anything to show for it, and going off with humorous ~~elbowings”~~. Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”(904).		[http://plagiarist.com/poetry/62/ "The Bight"] by [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/bishop/bishop.htm Elizabeth Bishop], quotes “Pelicans crash / into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, / it seems to me, like pickaxes, / rarely coming up with anything to show for it, / and going off with humorous elbowings." Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”(904).

			== Types ==
			=== Dead ===
			A ''dead'' metaphor as a word or phrase that has lost its metaphoric force through common usage. Singleton gives an instance of a dead metaphor when he writes “Tenderfoot, for example, is one not yet inured to the hardships of an outdoor life, and the word once bore the image of someone whose feet were sore from unwonted exercise” (39).

			=== Mixed ===
			A ''mixed'' metaphor is combining inconsistent or incongruous metaphors.

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
	[http://www.co-intelligence.org/metaphorproject.html Metaphor Project]~~. -~~ contains methods for creating more vivid and effective new slogans, catch phrases, and metaphors		[http://www.co-intelligence.org/metaphorproject.html Metaphor Project] contains methods for creating more vivid and effective new slogans, catch phrases, and metaphors.

			== Works cited ==
			* Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. ''Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama''. Boston: Bedford, 1997.

	~~== Works cited ==~~		* Connolly, Francis X. ''Poetry: Its Power And Wisdom''. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960.
	*~~Ann Charters and Samuel Charters~~. ~~Literature and~~ Its ~~Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama~~. ~~Boston~~: ~~Bedford~~, ~~1997~~.

	*~~Connolly~~, ~~Francis X~~. ~~Poetry: Its Power And Wisdom~~. ~~New York~~: ~~Charles Scribner’s Sons~~, ~~1960~~.		* Hawkes, Terence. ''Metaphor''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1972.

	*~~Hawkes~~, ~~Terence~~. ~~Metaphor~~. ~~London~~: ~~Methuen & Co Ltd~~, ~~1972~~.		* Perrine, Laurence. ''Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense''. 4th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.

	*~~Perrine~~, ~~Laurence~~. ~~Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. 4th ed~~. ~~New York~~: ~~Harcourt Brace Jovanovich~~, ~~1983~~.		* Singleton, Ralph H. ''Style''. California: Chandler Publishing Company, 1966.

	*Singleton, Ralph H. Style. California: ~~Chandler Publishing Company, 1966.~~		[[Category:Literary Terms]]

Kfox: /* Metaphor */

2006-02-21T17:23:33Z

Metaphor

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 21 February 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
	== Metaphor ==		== Metaphor ==
	A figure of speech in which a comparison between two things are made. Metaphors are one of the most common forms of figurative language. Perrine states that “it may take one of four forms:(1)that in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named; (2)that in which the literal term is named and the figurative term implied; (3)that in which the literal term is implied and the figurative term named; (4)that in which both the literal and the figurative terms are implied”(1461). Connolly speaks of four figures of speech that are similar. They are [[simile]], metaphor, [[personification]], and [[allegory]](141). Although a simile also uses comparisons they are usually connected by the words like, as, such, and thus. Sometimes a metaphor can be extended through a whole [[narrative]], this is called allegory. The Encyclopedia Britannica suggest that there are two parts to a metaphor, the tenor and vehicle. Tenor is the literal meaning and vehicle is for the figurative meaning.		A figure of speech in which a comparison between two things are made. Metaphors are one of the most common forms of figurative language. Perrine states that “it may take one of four forms: (1) that in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named; (2) that in which the literal term is named and the figurative term implied; (3) that in which the literal term is implied and the figurative term named; (4) that in which both the literal and the figurative terms are implied” (1461). Connolly speaks of four figures of speech that are similar. They are [[simile]], metaphor, [[personification]], and [[allegory]] (141). Although a simile also uses comparisons they are usually connected by the words like, as, such, and thus. Sometimes a metaphor can be extended through a whole [[narrative]], this is called allegory. The Encyclopedia Britannica suggest that there are two parts to a metaphor, the tenor and vehicle. Tenor is the literal meaning and vehicle is for the figurative meaning.


	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==

Kfox at 04:48, 21 February 2006

2006-02-21T04:48:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:48, 21 February 2006
Line 22:		Line 22:

	== Works cited ==		== Works cited ==
	Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: Bedford, 1997.		*Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: Bedford, 1997.

	Connolly, Francis X. Poetry: Its Power And Wisdom. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960.		*Connolly, Francis X. Poetry: Its Power And Wisdom. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960.

	Hawkes, Terence. Metaphor. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1972.		*Hawkes, Terence. Metaphor. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1972.

	Perrine, Laurence. Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. 4th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.		*Perrine, Laurence. Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. 4th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.

	Singleton, Ralph H. Style. California: Chandler Publishing Company, 1966.		*Singleton, Ralph H. Style. California: Chandler Publishing Company, 1966.

Kfox at 04:42, 21 February 2006

2006-02-21T04:42:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:42, 21 February 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
	== Metaphor ==		== Metaphor ==
	A ~~'''Metaphor''' is a~~ figure of speech in which a ~~word or phrase~~ is ~~used~~ in ~~place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. A metaphor~~ is the ~~opposite~~ of ~~a simile though both~~ are ~~used as comparisons~~. A [[simile]] ~~will often contain~~ the words like, as, ~~as if~~, ~~or as though~~. A metaphor ~~does not~~.		A figure of speech in which a comparison between two things are made. Metaphors are one of the most common forms of figurative language. Perrine states that “it may take one of four forms:(1)that in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named; (2)that in which the literal term is named and the figurative term implied; (3)that in which the literal term is implied and the figurative term named; (4)that in which both the literal and the figurative terms are implied”(1461). Connolly speaks of four figures of speech that are similar. They are [[simile]], metaphor, [[personification]], and [[allegory]](141). Although a simile also uses comparisons they are usually connected by the words like, as, such, and thus. Sometimes a metaphor can be extended through a whole [[narrative]], this is called allegory. The Encyclopedia Britannica suggest that there are two parts to a metaphor, the tenor and vehicle. Tenor is the literal meaning and vehicle is for the figurative meaning.


	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
	~~From~~ Greek ~~metaphoric - to transfer,~~ meta~~- +~~ pherein - to ~~bear~~		The word metaphor comes from Greek metaphora and is derived from ''meta'' which means “over” and ''pherein'' meaning “to carry”. Hawkes claims that characteristics of one object are “carried over” to a second object as if it were the first(1).



	== Types ==		== Types ==
	dead ~~metaphors-~~ a word or phrase that has lost its metaphoric ~~strength by being used to often.~~		Webster’s Dictionary defines a ''dead'' metaphor as a word or phrase that has lost its metaphoric force through common usage, and a ''mixed'' metaphor is combining inconsistent or incongruous metaphors. Singleton gives an instance of a dead metaphor when he writes “Tenderfoot, for example, is one not yet inured to the hardships of an outdoor life, and the word once bore the image of someone whose feet were sore from unwonted exercise”(39).

	mixed metaphor~~- a figure of speech~~ combining inconsistent or ~~odd~~ metaphors.


	== Example ==		== Example ==
	~~The poem,~~ ''The Bight'' by Elizabeth Bishop, quotes “Pelicans crash into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, it seems to me, like pickaxes, rarely coming up with anything to show for it, and going off with humorous elbowings”. Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”. (~~Charters~~)		''The Bight'' by Elizabeth Bishop, quotes “Pelicans crash into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, it seems to me, like pickaxes, rarely coming up with anything to show for it, and going off with humorous elbowings”. Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”(904).

Kfox at 04:33, 21 February 2006

2006-02-21T04:33:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:33, 21 February 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:


	== Metaphor ==		== Metaphor ==
	A '''Metaphor''' is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. A metaphor is the opposite of a simile though both are used as comparisons. A [[simile]] will often contain the words like, as, as if, or as though. A metaphor does not.		A '''Metaphor''' is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. A metaphor is the opposite of a simile though both are used as comparisons. A [[simile]] will often contain the words like, as, as if, or as though. A metaphor does not.
Line 17:		Line 15:
	== Example ==		== Example ==
	The poem, ''The Bight'' by Elizabeth Bishop, quotes “Pelicans crash into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, it seems to me, like pickaxes, rarely coming up with anything to show for it, and going off with humorous elbowings”. Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”. (Charters)		The poem, ''The Bight'' by Elizabeth Bishop, quotes “Pelicans crash into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, it seems to me, like pickaxes, rarely coming up with anything to show for it, and going off with humorous elbowings”. Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”. (Charters)



			== External Links ==
			[http://www.co-intelligence.org/metaphorproject.html Metaphor Project]. - contains methods for creating more vivid and effective new slogans, catch phrases, and metaphors


	== Works cited ==		== Works cited ==
	~~“Metaphor~~.” ~~Def~~.1a. ~~''The Merriam-Webster Dictionary''~~. ~~7th ed.~~ ~~1977~~.		Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: Bedford, 1997.

			Connolly, Francis X. Poetry: Its Power And Wisdom. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960.

			Hawkes, Terence. Metaphor. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1972.

	~~"metaphor~~.~~" ''Encyclopedia Britannica''~~. ~~2006~~. ~~Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service. 14 Feb. 2006 <http~~:~~//www.britannica.com/eb/article-9052289>~~.		Perrine, Laurence. Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. 4th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.

	~~Ann Charters and Samuel Charters~~. ~~''Literature and Its Writers:~~ ~~An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama''~~. ~~Boston~~: ~~Bedford~~, ~~1997. 904-906~~.		Singleton, Ralph H. Style. California: Chandler Publishing Company, 1966.

Kfox at 03:39, 15 February 2006

2006-02-15T03:39:12Z

New page

== Metaphor ==
A '''Metaphor''' is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. A metaphor is the opposite of a simile though both are used as comparisons. A [[simile]] will often contain the words like, as, as if, or as though. A metaphor does not.

== Etymology ==
From Greek metaphoric - to transfer, meta- + pherein - to bear

== Types ==
dead metaphors- a word or phrase that has lost its metaphoric strength by being used to often.

mixed metaphor- a figure of speech combining inconsistent or odd metaphors.

== Example ==
The poem, ''The Bight'' by Elizabeth Bishop, quotes “Pelicans crash into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard, it seems to me, like pickaxes, rarely coming up with anything to show for it, and going off with humorous elbowings”. Bishop paints the image of pelicans coming out of the water with the metaphor “humorous elbowings”. (Charters)

== Works cited ==
“Metaphor.” Def.1a. ''The Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. 7th ed. 1977.

"metaphor." ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service. 14 Feb. 2006 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9052289>.

Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. ''Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama''. Boston: Bedford, 1997. 904-906.