Irony - Revision history

Wscott at 15:53, 23 February 2006

2006-02-23T15:53:37Z

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	*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005.		*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005.

	~~== External Links ==~~		*PMLA publications of the Modern Language Association of America; Jan 2006, Vol. 121, Iss 1; pg 214


	[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]		[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]

Wscott at 15:40, 23 February 2006

2006-02-23T15:40:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 23 February 2006
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	A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).		A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

	The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today, and that postmodernism is an ironic general theory. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature. We have associated irony easily with humour, but we have recognise. Irony can be bitter and even tragic. It corrodes and undermines pretensions, ~~unmaskd~~ appearances, and deconstructs		The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today, and that postmodernism is an ironic general theory. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature. We have associated irony easily with humour, but we have recognise. Irony can be bitter and even tragic. It corrodes and undermines pretensions, unmask appearances, and deconstructs

Wscott at 15:40, 23 February 2006

2006-02-23T15:40:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 23 February 2006
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	A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).		A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

	~~== Examples~~ of Irony ==		The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today, and that postmodernism is an ironic general theory. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature. We have associated irony easily with humour, but we have recognise. Irony can be bitter and even tragic. It corrodes and undermines pretensions, unmaskd appearances, and deconstructs


	===Verbal Irony===		===Verbal Irony===

Tsclark at 23:25, 16 February 2006

2006-02-16T23:25:48Z

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	===Dramatic Irony===		===Dramatic Irony===
	The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell).		The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell 615).

	===Situation Irony===		===Situation Irony===
	An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).		An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).
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	*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. ''The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook.'' 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.		*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. ''The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook.'' 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

	*Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. ''The Writer's Harbrace Handbook.'' Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.

	*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." [http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006.		*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." [http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006.

	*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005		*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005.

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==

Glucas at 15:20, 15 February 2006

2006-02-15T15:20:13Z

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	A mode of expression,through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. ~~A writer~~ may say the opposite of what ~~he means~~, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).		A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

	== Examples of Irony ==		== Examples of Irony ==

	''Verbal Irony~~'':~~ Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).		===Verbal Irony===
			Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).

	''Dramatic Irony~~'' :~~The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell).		===Dramatic Irony===
			The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell).

	''Situation Irony~~'' :~~ An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).		===Situation Irony===
			An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).

	== Works Cited ==		== Works Cited ==

	*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. The Longman Writer: "Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook." 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.		*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. ''The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook.'' 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

	*Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. "The Writer's Harbrace Handbook." Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.		*Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. ''The Writer's Harbrace Handbook.'' Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.

	*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." ~~VirtualSalt~~. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006		*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." [http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006.

	*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide. June 22, 2005		*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==

	[http://www.~~virtualsalt~~.~~com~~/~~litterms~~.~~htm Virtualsalt~~]		[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]

	~~[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]~~

	*[[Literary Terms]]		----
			[[Literary Terms]]


	[[Category:Literary]]		[[Category:Literary Terms]]

Shill at 03:26, 15 February 2006

2006-02-15T03:26:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:26, 14 February 2006
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	*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." VirtualSalt. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006		*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." VirtualSalt. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006

			*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide. June 22, 2005

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==

	[http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]		[http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]

			[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]

	*[[Literary Terms]]		*[[Literary Terms]]

	[[Category:Literary]]		[[Category:Literary]]

Shill at 03:18, 15 February 2006

2006-02-15T03:18:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:18, 14 February 2006
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	== Works Cited ==		== Works Cited ==

	Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. The Longman Writer: "Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook." 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.		*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. The Longman Writer: "Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook." 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

	Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. "The Writer's Harbrace Handbook." Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.		*Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. "The Writer's Harbrace Handbook." Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.

	Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." VirtualSalt. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006		*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." VirtualSalt. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
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	*[[Literary Terms]]		*[[Literary Terms]]

	[[~~Caterory~~:Literary]]		[[Category:Literary]]

Shill at 03:13, 15 February 2006

2006-02-15T03:13:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 14 February 2006
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	~~Irony:~~ A mode of expression,through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. A writer may say the opposite of what he means, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (~~Virtualsalt~~).		A mode of expression,through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. A writer may say the opposite of what he means, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

	== Examples of Irony ==		== Examples of Irony ==
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	''Verbal Irony'': Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).		''Verbal Irony'': Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).

	''Dramatic Irony'' :The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell).		''Dramatic Irony'' :The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell).

	''Situation Irony'' : An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (~~Virtualsalt~~).		''Situation Irony'' : An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).

	== Works Cited ==		== Works Cited ==

	Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.		Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. The Longman Writer: "Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook." 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

	Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. The Writer's Harbrace Handbook. Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.		Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. "The Writer's Harbrace Handbook." Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.

			Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." VirtualSalt. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
	[http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm]		[http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]
	~~[http://www.hbcollege.com~~]

	*[[Literary Terms]]		*[[Literary Terms]]

			[[Caterory:Literary]]

Tsclark at 11:51, 12 February 2006

2006-02-12T11:51:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:51, 12 February 2006
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	Irony: ~~noun: the outcome~~ of events ~~contrary~~ to what ~~was expected~~.(~~175~~)		Irony: A mode of expression,through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. A writer may say the opposite of what he means, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Virtualsalt).

	Irony: [L ironia, fr. Gk eironia, fr. eiron: dissembler] 1)the use of words to express the opposite of what one really means 2) [[incongruity]] between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result. (263)		== Examples of Irony ==

	~~[http~~:~~//www.uky.edu/AS/classics/rhetoric.html Rhetorical terms]~~-~~A Glossary of Rhetorical terms by Ross Scaife at~~ the ~~Unviersity of Kentucky~~		''Verbal Irony'': Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).

	~~[http://www~~.~~csustan~~.~~edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html Appendix G]-PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction by Paul Reuben~~

	~~Reuben discusses~~ the ~~three forms of irony: Verbal~~, ~~Dramatic, and~~ the ~~Irony of Situation~~.

			''Dramatic Irony'' :The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell).

			''Situation Irony'' : An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Virtualsalt).

	== Works Cited ==		== Works Cited ==

			Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

	~~"Irony". ''A Student's Dictionary and Gazetteer'' 8th edition~~, ~~2005~~.		Miller, Robert Keith., Suzanne Strobeck Webb, and Winifred Bryan Horner. The Writer's Harbrace Handbook. Philadelphia: Harcourt, 2001.

	~~"Irony". ''Webster's New Dictionary of the English Language'' New Edition~~, ~~2005.~~

	~~Scaife~~, ~~Ross. "A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples~~." The ~~University of Kentucky, 2005~~

	~~Reuben, Paul P.~~ '~~'PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction~~.~~'' PAL~~: ~~Perspectives in American Literature-A Research and Reference Guide~~. ~~June 22, 2005~~

	~~----~~		== External Links ==
			[http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm]
			[http://www.hbcollege.com]

	*[[Literary Terms]]		*[[Literary Terms]]

Shill at 23:41, 10 February 2006

2006-02-10T23:41:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 10 February 2006
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	[http://www.uky.edu/AS/classics/rhetoric.html Rhetorical terms]-A Glossary of Rhetorical terms by Ross Scaife at the Unviersity of Kentucky		[http://www.uky.edu/AS/classics/rhetoric.html Rhetorical terms]-A Glossary of Rhetorical terms by Ross Scaife at the Unviersity of Kentucky

			[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html Appendix G]-PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction by Paul Reuben

			Reuben discusses the three forms of irony: Verbal, Dramatic, and the Irony of Situation.


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	Scaife, Ross. "A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples." The University of Kentucky, 2005		Scaife, Ross. "A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples." The University of Kentucky, 2005

			Reuben, Paul P. ''PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction.'' PAL: Perspectives in American Literature-A Research and Reference Guide. June 22, 2005

	----		----

	*[[Literary Terms]]		*[[Literary Terms]]