LitWiki - User contributions [en]

Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom

2021-11-09T04:35:04Z

Zoria1: /* Cutler */ Added Cutler description

{{Infobox play
| name = Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| writer = [[w:August Wilson|August Wilson]]
| based_on = 
| chorus =
| characters =
| mute =
| setting = Chicago, 1927
| premiere = 1984 
| place =
| orig_lang =
| series = The Pittsburgh Cycle
| subject =
| genre = Drama
| web =
}}

'''''Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom''''' is a 1984 play by August Wilson. It first opened on April 6, 1984, at the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, Connecticut. {{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=7}}


==Plot==


==Characters==
===Sturdyvant===
Sturdyvant is a white music business executive. He appears to own the recording label that releases Ma Rainey's songs, despite the fact that it is never clearly stated in the play. Despite the fact that he gets his money by selling Black musicians' music, he is extremely bigoted when it comes to Ma. He orders Irvin, one of his associates, to keep Ma "in line" throughout the recording session, as if Ma is an unstable, untrustworthy person. When he tries to lord his white manhood over Ma, she defies him by refusing to continue with her music. Sturdyvant gives in to Ma's requests since he knows he'll lose money if he doesn't let him record her.

===Irvin===
Irvin is a white music business executive. Though he is Ma Rainey's manager, he works alongside Sturdyvant. He, on the other hand, spends almost as much time attempting to satisfy Sturdyvant as he does working for Ma, frequently functioning as a buffer between Sturdyvant's racist condescension and Ma's strong will. Despite the fact that Irvin is her manager, Ma realizes that he just cares about her because her music brings him money. He frequently talks to her about "sticking together," but it's evident to her that he merely wants to keep her as a client.

===Cutler===
Ma Rainey's band features Cutler, a Black guitarist and trombone player. He serves as the band's unofficial leader, ensuring that the band plays whatever Ma requests. Unlike Levee, he believes in simply performing what is asked of him, saying that the objective of this band is for the musicians to accompany Ma rather than for them to shine. He takes issue with Levee's idealistic concepts about art and musicianship because of his unselfish approach, seeking to persuade him that as long as he's in Ma's band, the only thing that matters is what Ma says, not Levee's great ideas about art and music. Cutler tries to help Levee stay out of trouble.

===Toledo===
Toledo is a pianist who appreciates philosophical discussions about life and what it's like to be Black in America. He is the band's only literate member. As he and the other musicians pass the time in the band room, he frequently pushes them by encouraging them to consider topics such as change, history, and tradition. He highlights the argument that since enslavers forcibly removed their ancestors from Africa, Black Americans have been cut off from their cultural history. Toledo believes that in order to re-establish a sense of culture, Black people must work together to improve their status in American society.

===Slow Drag===
Slow Drag a Black musician who plays the bass. He appears sluggish and unobservant, although he is actually highly bright. He's content to play whatever Ma orders him to play, much like Cutler and Toledo, but he's also anxious to get the job done and go home. He frequently encourages his bandmates to concentrate on rehearsing, telling them that practicing the songs will save them from having to spend the entire day and night in the studio. And the sooner they complete the recording, the sooner they will get compensated. Levee, who is more concerned with creating innovative art than with making money, is irritated by his utilitarian, workmanlike attitude to music. Slow Drag, on the other hand, has no grand aspirations about innovation; all he wants to do is make a living.

===Levee===
Ma Rainey's band include Levee, a young Black trumpet player. He is a self-assured, ambitious man who is dissatisfied with his employment as a backup musician. He believes Ma Rainey's music isn't interesting enough, so he attempts to drive the band forward by performing in a more modern, "fresh" way. Not only does his behavior irritate Ma, but it also irritates Cutler, who tries to persuade Levee that his high ideals about music and art don't matter to Cutler; all Levee has to do is perform what he's taught. However, Levee dislikes being told what to do, and his obstinacy prevents him from working well with his bandmates. Levee tends to speak blasphemously.

===Ma Rainey===
Ma Rainey was a real-life Black musician who made a name for herself in the early twentieth century by singing the blues. She is well aware of her own power in the play and understands how to utilize it to her advantage. Sturdyvant, for example, wants to take advantage of her gift, but she understands that if she doesn't allow him record her songs, he won't be able to make any money. When he and Irvin try to force her to do something she doesn't want to do, she threatens to leave the studio. As a result, she maintains creative ownership over her music, even though white studio executives profit from her songs in the end.

===Policeman===
When Ma, Sylvester, and Dussie Mae get into a car accident on their way to the studio, the police officer assumes they're driving a stolen automobile and racially profiles them. He also blames them for the accident, claiming that Ma pushed a nearby cab driver over, despite Ma's allegation that the driver fell down on his own. However, because Ma claims to be famous, the officer offers to take her to the studio on his way to the police station, apparently fearing that he would be bribed to look the other way. Irvin then offers him money to forget about the incident, so he goes without causing any more trouble for Ma.

===Dussie Mae===
Dussie Mae is a young woman who joins Ma on her journey. Dussie Mae and Ma are romantically involved, despite the fact that it is never directly stated in the play. Dussie Mae, on the other hand, remains receptive to Levee's amorous approaches, though she informs him that she won't fully let him date her until he forms his own band and starts selling his own recordings. Despite this, she and Levee kiss in the band room while Ma is in the studio upstairs.

===Sylvester===
Ma's nephew is Sylvester. Ma brings him to the studio and tells him that he'll be doing a spoken-word entrance for the song "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom." However, because Sylvester has a pronounced stutter, the band is suspicious about his ability to deliver the introduction appropriately. Ma's decision enrages Levee in particular, because it means the band will not perform his arrangement of the song. Sylvester succeeds in performing the intro after numerous takes, but Levee is still furious about having to record the song in Ma's traditional, old-fashioned style.

===Eliza Cottor===
Slow Drag tells his colleagues a story about a man he knew in Alabama named Eliza Cottor. Eliza used to be a regular guy who placed shoes on mules and horses for a livelihood, but he sold his soul to the devil and began living a luxury lifestyle. He went on to murder someone, but the cops and the courts let him off the hook. Slow Drag claims to be roaming the country with a huge sack filled with the bloody fingerprints of anyone willing to sell their soul to the devil. Eliza gives individuals $100 for their souls wherever he goes.

==Major Themes==


==Development History==


===Publication History===


===Explanation of the Work's Title===


==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==


==Adaptations==


==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
{{Refbegin}}

* . . .
{{Refend}}

==External Links==



[[Category:Drama]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]
[[Category:Literary]]

Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom

2021-11-09T04:32:59Z

Zoria1: /* Levee */ add description to levee

{{Infobox play
| name = Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| writer = [[w:August Wilson|August Wilson]]
| based_on = 
| chorus =
| characters =
| mute =
| setting = Chicago, 1927
| premiere = 1984 
| place =
| orig_lang =
| series = The Pittsburgh Cycle
| subject =
| genre = Drama
| web =
}}

'''''Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom''''' is a 1984 play by August Wilson. It first opened on April 6, 1984, at the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, Connecticut. {{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=7}}


==Plot==


==Characters==
===Sturdyvant===
Sturdyvant is a white music business executive. He appears to own the recording label that releases Ma Rainey's songs, despite the fact that it is never clearly stated in the play. Despite the fact that he gets his money by selling Black musicians' music, he is extremely bigoted when it comes to Ma. He orders Irvin, one of his associates, to keep Ma "in line" throughout the recording session, as if Ma is an unstable, untrustworthy person. When he tries to lord his white manhood over Ma, she defies him by refusing to continue with her music. Sturdyvant gives in to Ma's requests since he knows he'll lose money if he doesn't let him record her.

===Irvin===
Irvin is a white music business executive. Though he is Ma Rainey's manager, he works alongside Sturdyvant. He, on the other hand, spends almost as much time attempting to satisfy Sturdyvant as he does working for Ma, frequently functioning as a buffer between Sturdyvant's racist condescension and Ma's strong will. Despite the fact that Irvin is her manager, Ma realizes that he just cares about her because her music brings him money. He frequently talks to her about "sticking together," but it's evident to her that he merely wants to keep her as a client.

===Cutler===
Ma Rainey's band features Cutler, a Black guitarist and trombone player. He serves as the band's unofficial leader, ensuring that the band plays whatever Ma requests. Unlike Levee, he believes in simply performing what is asked of him, saying that the objective of this band is for the musicians to accompany Ma rather than for them to shine. He takes issue with Levee's idealistic concepts about art and musicianship because of his unselfish approach, seeking to persuade him that as long as he's in Ma's band, the only thing that matters is what Ma says, not Levee's great ideas about art and music.

===Toledo===
Toledo is a pianist who appreciates philosophical discussions about life and what it's like to be Black in America. He is the band's only literate member. As he and the other musicians pass the time in the band room, he frequently pushes them by encouraging them to consider topics such as change, history, and tradition. He highlights the argument that since enslavers forcibly removed their ancestors from Africa, Black Americans have been cut off from their cultural history. Toledo believes that in order to re-establish a sense of culture, Black people must work together to improve their status in American society.

===Slow Drag===
Slow Drag a Black musician who plays the bass. He appears sluggish and unobservant, although he is actually highly bright. He's content to play whatever Ma orders him to play, much like Cutler and Toledo, but he's also anxious to get the job done and go home. He frequently encourages his bandmates to concentrate on rehearsing, telling them that practicing the songs will save them from having to spend the entire day and night in the studio. And the sooner they complete the recording, the sooner they will get compensated. Levee, who is more concerned with creating innovative art than with making money, is irritated by his utilitarian, workmanlike attitude to music. Slow Drag, on the other hand, has no grand aspirations about innovation; all he wants to do is make a living.

===Levee===
Ma Rainey's band include Levee, a young Black trumpet player. He is a self-assured, ambitious man who is dissatisfied with his employment as a backup musician. He believes Ma Rainey's music isn't interesting enough, so he attempts to drive the band forward by performing in a more modern, "fresh" way. Not only does his behavior irritate Ma, but it also irritates Cutler, who tries to persuade Levee that his high ideals about music and art don't matter to Cutler; all Levee has to do is perform what he's taught. However, Levee dislikes being told what to do, and his obstinacy prevents him from working well with his bandmates. Levee tends to speak blasphemously.

===Ma Rainey===
Ma Rainey was a real-life Black musician who made a name for herself in the early twentieth century by singing the blues. She is well aware of her own power in the play and understands how to utilize it to her advantage. Sturdyvant, for example, wants to take advantage of her gift, but she understands that if she doesn't allow him record her songs, he won't be able to make any money. When he and Irvin try to force her to do something she doesn't want to do, she threatens to leave the studio. As a result, she maintains creative ownership over her music, even though white studio executives profit from her songs in the end.

===Policeman===
When Ma, Sylvester, and Dussie Mae get into a car accident on their way to the studio, the police officer assumes they're driving a stolen automobile and racially profiles them. He also blames them for the accident, claiming that Ma pushed a nearby cab driver over, despite Ma's allegation that the driver fell down on his own. However, because Ma claims to be famous, the officer offers to take her to the studio on his way to the police station, apparently fearing that he would be bribed to look the other way. Irvin then offers him money to forget about the incident, so he goes without causing any more trouble for Ma.

===Dussie Mae===
Dussie Mae is a young woman who joins Ma on her journey. Dussie Mae and Ma are romantically involved, despite the fact that it is never directly stated in the play. Dussie Mae, on the other hand, remains receptive to Levee's amorous approaches, though she informs him that she won't fully let him date her until he forms his own band and starts selling his own recordings. Despite this, she and Levee kiss in the band room while Ma is in the studio upstairs.

===Sylvester===
Ma's nephew is Sylvester. Ma brings him to the studio and tells him that he'll be doing a spoken-word entrance for the song "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom." However, because Sylvester has a pronounced stutter, the band is suspicious about his ability to deliver the introduction appropriately. Ma's decision enrages Levee in particular, because it means the band will not perform his arrangement of the song. Sylvester succeeds in performing the intro after numerous takes, but Levee is still furious about having to record the song in Ma's traditional, old-fashioned style.

===Eliza Cottor===
Slow Drag tells his colleagues a story about a man he knew in Alabama named Eliza Cottor. Eliza used to be a regular guy who placed shoes on mules and horses for a livelihood, but he sold his soul to the devil and began living a luxury lifestyle. He went on to murder someone, but the cops and the courts let him off the hook. Slow Drag claims to be roaming the country with a huge sack filled with the bloody fingerprints of anyone willing to sell their soul to the devil. Eliza gives individuals $100 for their souls wherever he goes.

==Major Themes==


==Development History==


===Publication History===


===Explanation of the Work's Title===


==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==


==Adaptations==


==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
{{Refbegin}}

* . . .
{{Refend}}

==External Links==



[[Category:Drama]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]
[[Category:Literary]]

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-27T14:44:54Z

Zoria1: essay intro

* {{cite book
|last=Fitzgerald
|first=F. Scott
|date=2002
|chapter=Babylon Revisited
|title=Reading and Writing about Literature
| editor-last = Sipiora
| editor-first = Phillip
| location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ
|publisher= Prentice Hall
|pages=6-18
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| page = 18
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Robinson
| first1 = Daniel
| date =2020
| title = Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp".
| journal = CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group
| volume = 28
| page = 39-50
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stuckey
| first1 = Lexi
| date =2006
| title = Teaching Conformity in Kurt Vonnegut's 'Harrison Bergeron'
| journal = Eureka Printing.
| volume = 7
| issue = 1
| page = 85-90
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Elhefnawy
| first1 = Nader
| date =2018
| title ='Bartleby the Scrivener': An Allegory of Reading
| journal = Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée
| volume = 76
| issue = 2
| page = 103-105.
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Verdicchio
| first1 = Massimo
| date =2018
| title =Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado'
| journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
| volume = 45
| issue = 3
| page = 438-448
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Bojesen; Allen
| first1 = Emile; Ansgar
| date =2019
| title =Bartleby Is Dead: Inverting Common Readings of Melville's Bartleby, the Scrivener
| journal = Routledge
| volume = 24
| issue = 5
| page = 61-72
}}

Metaphor
The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

Theme
The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.

Explanation of the work title
Kurt Vonnegut's brief tale "Harrison Bergeron" has expected to be a noticeable situation on numerous English class' conversation practices due to its serious quest for human correspondence at any expense. This is a good way to understand' psyches on the wondrous capability of the person than to show them Vonnegut's universe of terrible covers for the wonderful, loads for the solid, and difficult idea disruptors for the clever. Few have contended against this translation of the story, which is a little yet significant piece of Vonnegut's philosophical heritage. In any case, "Harrison Bergeron" really fits an elective perusing, that it is adequate to seek after populism through implementing a most minimized shared variable mindset.

Plot
In "The Cask of Amontillado" Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of admission. However, his description of the episode offers very little with regard to what he thought and felt. Obviously, a significant part of the analysis of the story is committed to working out Montresor's thought process and sentiments from the slight detail on offer. Rather than the thought processes that drive individuals to kill. Montresor even makes directed reference toward his indignation regarding Fortunato's affront. In any case, if the reference is pointed it is additionally ambiguous, and conceivably less tempting than spur of the moment. He's telling the peruser that he bore a thousand wounds of Fortunato unemotionally, however at the point when Fortunato is unremarkable. Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of admission to a "the private gets it "the idea of my spirit." thought and felt. This is manner satisfactory to drive Montresor to kill, how Montresor goes with regards to his vengeance—the hero not looking for fulfillment in a duel yet demanding it through a more barefaced and surprising technique for homicide.

Essay introduction
Bartleby, the Scrivener is set during when Wall Street was turning out to be always significant, a general public that was itself being changed by the expanding significance of capital and money in an industrializing world. This change had many effects, however, one of them was expanding the kind of office working environment in which the story is set. Turkey and Nippers, the two clerks who work for the Lawyer before he welcomes on Bartleby. But the story figures out how to convey profound sadness in their circumstances and character that the storyteller himself neglects to comprehend. The depiction of these two agents working, who exchange watches, as one is delivered uniquely toward the beginning of the day and the other just in the early evening, set up their separateness. They work in a similar spot yet are never in any capacity together. Turkey is just a decent representative before early afternoon since he becomes intoxicated at lunch. The story of Bartleby is characterized by autism, power, and kindness.

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-27T14:11:47Z

Zoria1: added second journal

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-27T13:58:51Z

Zoria1: added journal

* {{cite book
|last=Fitzgerald
|first=F. Scott
|date=2002
|chapter=Babylon Revisited
|title=Reading and Writing about Literature
| editor-last = Sipiora
| editor-first = Phillip
| location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ
|publisher= Prentice Hall
|pages=6-18
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| page = 18
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Robinson
| first1 = Daniel
| date =2020
| title = Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp".
| journal = CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group
| volume = 28
| page = 39-50
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stuckey
| first1 = Lexi
| date =2006
| title = Teaching Conformity in Kurt Vonnegut's 'Harrison Bergeron'
| journal = Eureka Printing.
| volume = 7
| issue = 1
| page = 85-90
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Elhefnawy
| first1 = Nader
| date =2018
| title ='Bartleby the Scrivener': An Allegory of Reading
| journal = Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée
| volume = 76
| issue = 2
| page = 103-105.
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Verdicchio
| first1 = Massimo
| date =2018
| title =Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado'
| journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
| volume = 45
| issue = 3
| page = 438-448
}}

Metaphor
The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

Theme
The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.

Explanation of the work title
Kurt Vonnegut's brief tale "Harrison Bergeron" has expected to be a noticeable situation on numerous English class' conversation practices due to its serious quest for human correspondence at any expense. This is a good way to understand' psyches on the wondrous capability of the person than to show them Vonnegut's universe of terrible covers for the wonderful, loads for the solid, and difficult idea disruptors for the clever. Few have contended against this translation of the story, which is a little yet significant piece of Vonnegut's philosophical heritage. In any case, "Harrison Bergeron" really fits an elective perusing, that it is adequate to seek after populism through implementing a most minimized shared variable mindset.

Plot
In "The Cask of Amontillado" Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of admission. However, his description of the episode offers very little with regard to what he thought and felt. Obviously, a significant part of the analysis of the story is committed to working out Montresor's thought process and sentiments from the slight detail on offer. Rather than the thought processes that drive individuals to kill. Montresor even makes directed reference toward his indignation regarding Fortunato's affront. In any case, if the reference is pointed it is additionally ambiguous, and conceivably less tempting than spur of the moment. He's telling the peruser that he bore a thousand wounds of Fortunato unemotionally, however at the point when Fortunato is unremarkable. Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of admission to a "the private gets it "the idea of my spirit." thought and felt. This is manner satisfactory to drive Montresor to kill, how Montresor goes with regards to his vengeance—the hero not looking for fulfillment in a duel yet demanding it through a more barefaced and surprising technique for homicide.

Bartleby, the Scrivener

2021-10-25T20:14:35Z

Zoria1: /* Characters */ nipper

==Plot==

==Characters==
===Narrator===
===Bartleby===
===Turkey===
===Nipper===
Nippers is only useful after lunch because he suffers from what The Lawyer calls “indigestion,”

==Major themes==

==Development History==

==Explanation of Work's Title==

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Adaptations==

==Citations==

==Works Cited==

==External Links==

The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-21T03:03:45Z

Zoria1: /* Works Cited */ cite journal

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short horror story wrote by Edgar Allan Poe.
==Plot==
“The Cast of Amontillado” begins by recounting the last meeting between two aristocratic gentlemen, the narrator Montresor, and the wine connoisseur Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor is plotting his revenge for the thousand injuries Fortunato did to him.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=240}} While at the pre-Lenten festival, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has in his possession a cast of amontillado sherry and does not feel as though it is authentic.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor leads Fortunato deep underground to his family catacombs in his palazzo. Although Fortunato has a cough from the nitre, he continues so his rival Luchesi does not steal his opportunity to taste the wine. Once they get into the catacombs Montresor chains him to the wall and begins to use a trowel and fresh mortar to entomb Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

The story begins at a drinking festival during the Carnivale in an unspecified year in Italy. To entice his victim into his trap and seek revenge over Fortunato's "thousand injuries" against Montresor and his family, Montresor appropriates a key symbol of Freemasonry.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=242}} which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Fortunato apparently has a brotherhood and Montresor recognizes this fact and utilizes it for his own destruction hatred and his longing to lure Fortunate to his death.

===Luchesi===
Even though Luchesi isn't a key character in the story, he is still talked about. Luchesi is Fortunato's wine-tasting opponent. Montresor doesn't need to bring up Luchesi in order to entice Fortunato to his doom. The prospect of Amontillado is sufficient enough. For Montresor, Luchesi is a type of insurance.

==Major Themes==
Montresor is motivated by hate and seeks revenge on Fortunato. He feels as if he has insulted him and caused a thousand injuries to him but the injuries are not identified in the short story "The Cask of the Amontillado"

One theme is rivals, Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of truth.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} However, his description of the episode offers very little with regard to what he thought and felt.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=104}} Obviously, a significant part of the analysis of the story is committed to working out Montresor's thought process from the slight detail on offer.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=105}} Rather than the thought processes that drive individuals to kill.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} Montresor even makes directed reference toward his anger regarding Fortunato's action.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} This is manner satisfactory to drive Montresor to kill, how Montresor goes with regards to his vengeance—the hero not looking for fulfillment in a duel yet demanding it through a more barefaced and surprising technique for homicide.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=104}}

The plot revolves around alcohol and inebriation, with both contributing to Fortunato's gullibility and eventual demise in Montresor's wine cellar. Engaging Fortunato in dialogue ripe with irony, Montresor lures his victim deep into the family catacombs, urging him to try other wines along the way. {{sfn|Nesbett|2000|p=297}}

One of the themes for the story is unsatisfied. Montresor, at the end of his life, addresses his narrative by saying you should know my soul instead of feeling any guilt he tries to defend and convince you that he is not wrong and does not have any regret.{{sfn|Walter|p=447}}

A theme presented in the story is the callousness of ventures. Montresor appraises his murder as a successful act of vengeance and punishment rather than a crime.{{sfn|Baraban|2004|p=3}} Montresor's motto " No one insults me with impunity", interprets that punishing his offender is a matter of fulfilling his duty of honor before his noble ancestry.{{sfn|Baraban|2004|p=6}}

==Publication History==

==Explanation of the Work's Title==
The Cask of Amontillado is translated to Casket of Wine. Montresor uses the wine to talk Fortunato into following him into his family catacombs. That is how Montresor was able to enact his revenge by entombing Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite journal |last1= Baraban |first1= Elena |date= 2004|title=The Motive for Murder in 'The Cask of Amontillado' by Edgar Allan Poe.|journal=Rocky Mountain Review of Language & Literature |volume= 58 |issue=2 |pages= 16}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Elhefnawy
| first1 = Nader
| date =2018
| title =Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado'
| journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
| volume = 76
| issue = 2
| page = 103-105.
}}
* {{cite journal | last= Foy | first= Roslyn Reso | date= October 2015 | title= Freemasonry, the Brethren, and the Twists of Edgar Allen Poe in 'The Cask of Amontillado' | journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge | volume = 35 | issue = 0014-4940 1939-926X (electronic) | pages = 252-256 }}
* {{cite book |last= Nesbitt |first= Anna |date={{date|2000}} |chapter= Edgar Allan Poe |title=The Cask of Amontillado |url= |location= |publisher= Gale Group |pages=297-354}}
* {{cite book |last1= Poe |first1= Edgar |date=2002 |chapter=The Cask of Amontillado |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=240-244}}

{{cite journal
| last1 = Walter
| first1 = Stepp
| title = The Ironic Double In Poe's "The Cask Of Amontillado"
| volume = 13
| issue = 4
| pages = 447
}}

{{Refend}}

==External Links ==

The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-21T03:02:37Z

Zoria1: /* Works Cited */ cite journal

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short horror story wrote by Edgar Allan Poe.
==Plot==
“The Cast of Amontillado” begins by recounting the last meeting between two aristocratic gentlemen, the narrator Montresor, and the wine connoisseur Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor is plotting his revenge for the thousand injuries Fortunato did to him.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=240}} While at the pre-Lenten festival, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has in his possession a cast of amontillado sherry and does not feel as though it is authentic.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor leads Fortunato deep underground to his family catacombs in his palazzo. Although Fortunato has a cough from the nitre, he continues so his rival Luchesi does not steal his opportunity to taste the wine. Once they get into the catacombs Montresor chains him to the wall and begins to use a trowel and fresh mortar to entomb Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

The story begins at a drinking festival during the Carnivale in an unspecified year in Italy. To entice his victim into his trap and seek revenge over Fortunato's "thousand injuries" against Montresor and his family, Montresor appropriates a key symbol of Freemasonry.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=242}} which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Fortunato apparently has a brotherhood and Montresor recognizes this fact and utilizes it for his own destruction hatred and his longing to lure Fortunate to his death.

===Luchesi===
Even though Luchesi isn't a key character in the story, he is still talked about. Luchesi is Fortunato's wine-tasting opponent. Montresor doesn't need to bring up Luchesi in order to entice Fortunato to his doom. The prospect of Amontillado is sufficient enough. For Montresor, Luchesi is a type of insurance.

==Major Themes==
Montresor is motivated by hate and seeks revenge on Fortunato. He feels as if he has insulted him and caused a thousand injuries to him but the injuries are not identified in the short story "The Cask of the Amontillado"

One theme is rivals, Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of truth.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} However, his description of the episode offers very little with regard to what he thought and felt.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=104}} Obviously, a significant part of the analysis of the story is committed to working out Montresor's thought process from the slight detail on offer.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=105}} Rather than the thought processes that drive individuals to kill.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} Montresor even makes directed reference toward his anger regarding Fortunato's action.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} This is manner satisfactory to drive Montresor to kill, how Montresor goes with regards to his vengeance—the hero not looking for fulfillment in a duel yet demanding it through a more barefaced and surprising technique for homicide.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=104}}

The plot revolves around alcohol and inebriation, with both contributing to Fortunato's gullibility and eventual demise in Montresor's wine cellar. Engaging Fortunato in dialogue ripe with irony, Montresor lures his victim deep into the family catacombs, urging him to try other wines along the way. {{sfn|Nesbett|2000|p=297}}

One of the themes for the story is unsatisfied. Montresor, at the end of his life, addresses his narrative by saying you should know my soul instead of feeling any guilt he tries to defend and convince you that he is not wrong and does not have any regret.{{sfn|Walter|p=447}}

A theme presented in the story is the callousness of ventures. Montresor appraises his murder as a successful act of vengeance and punishment rather than a crime.{{sfn|Baraban|2004|p=3}} Montresor's motto " No one insults me with impunity", interprets that punishing his offender is a matter of fulfilling his duty of honor before his noble ancestry.{{sfn|Baraban|2004|p=6}}

==Publication History==

==Explanation of the Work's Title==
The Cask of Amontillado is translated to Casket of Wine. Montresor uses the wine to talk Fortunato into following him into his family catacombs. That is how Montresor was able to enact his revenge by entombing Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite journal |last1= Baraban |first1= Elena |date= 2004|title=The Motive for Murder in 'The Cask of Amontillado' by Edgar Allan Poe.|journal=Rocky Mountain Review of Language & Literature |volume= 58 |issue=2 |pages= 16}}
* {{cite journal | last= Foy | first= Roslyn Reso | date= October 2015 | title= Freemasonry, the Brethren, and the Twists of Edgar Allen Poe in 'The Cask of Amontillado' | journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge | volume = 35 | issue = 0014-4940 1939-926X (electronic) | pages = 252-256 }}
* {{cite book |last= Nesbitt |first= Anna |date={{date|2000}} |chapter= Edgar Allan Poe |title=The Cask of Amontillado |url= |location= |publisher= Gale Group |pages=297-354}}
* {{cite book |last1= Poe |first1= Edgar |date=2002 |chapter=The Cask of Amontillado |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=240-244}}

{{cite journal
| last1 = Walter
| first1 = Stepp
| title = The Ironic Double In Poe's "The Cask Of Amontillado"
| volume = 13
| issue = 4
| pages = 447
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Elhefnawy
| first1 = Nader
| date =2018
| title =Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado'
| journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
| volume = 76
| issue = 2
| page = 103-105.
}}

{{Refend}}

==External Links ==

The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-21T03:00:34Z

Zoria1: /* Major Themes */ added theme

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short horror story wrote by Edgar Allan Poe.
==Plot==
“The Cast of Amontillado” begins by recounting the last meeting between two aristocratic gentlemen, the narrator Montresor, and the wine connoisseur Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor is plotting his revenge for the thousand injuries Fortunato did to him.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=240}} While at the pre-Lenten festival, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has in his possession a cast of amontillado sherry and does not feel as though it is authentic.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor leads Fortunato deep underground to his family catacombs in his palazzo. Although Fortunato has a cough from the nitre, he continues so his rival Luchesi does not steal his opportunity to taste the wine. Once they get into the catacombs Montresor chains him to the wall and begins to use a trowel and fresh mortar to entomb Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

The story begins at a drinking festival during the Carnivale in an unspecified year in Italy. To entice his victim into his trap and seek revenge over Fortunato's "thousand injuries" against Montresor and his family, Montresor appropriates a key symbol of Freemasonry.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=242}} which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Fortunato apparently has a brotherhood and Montresor recognizes this fact and utilizes it for his own destruction hatred and his longing to lure Fortunate to his death.

===Luchesi===
Even though Luchesi isn't a key character in the story, he is still talked about. Luchesi is Fortunato's wine-tasting opponent. Montresor doesn't need to bring up Luchesi in order to entice Fortunato to his doom. The prospect of Amontillado is sufficient enough. For Montresor, Luchesi is a type of insurance.

==Major Themes==
Montresor is motivated by hate and seeks revenge on Fortunato. He feels as if he has insulted him and caused a thousand injuries to him but the injuries are not identified in the short story "The Cask of the Amontillado"

One theme is rivals, Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of truth.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} However, his description of the episode offers very little with regard to what he thought and felt.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=104}} Obviously, a significant part of the analysis of the story is committed to working out Montresor's thought process from the slight detail on offer.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=105}} Rather than the thought processes that drive individuals to kill.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} Montresor even makes directed reference toward his anger regarding Fortunato's action.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=103}} This is manner satisfactory to drive Montresor to kill, how Montresor goes with regards to his vengeance—the hero not looking for fulfillment in a duel yet demanding it through a more barefaced and surprising technique for homicide.{{sfn|Elhefnawy|2018|p=104}}

The plot revolves around alcohol and inebriation, with both contributing to Fortunato's gullibility and eventual demise in Montresor's wine cellar. Engaging Fortunato in dialogue ripe with irony, Montresor lures his victim deep into the family catacombs, urging him to try other wines along the way. {{sfn|Nesbett|2000|p=297}}

One of the themes for the story is unsatisfied. Montresor, at the end of his life, addresses his narrative by saying you should know my soul instead of feeling any guilt he tries to defend and convince you that he is not wrong and does not have any regret.{{sfn|Walter|p=447}}

A theme presented in the story is the callousness of ventures. Montresor appraises his murder as a successful act of vengeance and punishment rather than a crime.{{sfn|Baraban|2004|p=3}} Montresor's motto " No one insults me with impunity", interprets that punishing his offender is a matter of fulfilling his duty of honor before his noble ancestry.{{sfn|Baraban|2004|p=6}}

==Publication History==

==Explanation of the Work's Title==
The Cask of Amontillado is translated to Casket of Wine. Montresor uses the wine to talk Fortunato into following him into his family catacombs. That is how Montresor was able to enact his revenge by entombing Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite journal |last1= Baraban |first1= Elena |date= 2004|title=The Motive for Murder in 'The Cask of Amontillado' by Edgar Allan Poe.|journal=Rocky Mountain Review of Language & Literature |volume= 58 |issue=2 |pages= 16}}
* {{cite journal | last= Foy | first= Roslyn Reso | date= October 2015 | title= Freemasonry, the Brethren, and the Twists of Edgar Allen Poe in 'The Cask of Amontillado' | journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge | volume = 35 | issue = 0014-4940 1939-926X (electronic) | pages = 252-256 }}
* {{cite book |last= Nesbitt |first= Anna |date={{date|2000}} |chapter= Edgar Allan Poe |title=The Cask of Amontillado |url= |location= |publisher= Gale Group |pages=297-354}}
* {{cite book |last1= Poe |first1= Edgar |date=2002 |chapter=The Cask of Amontillado |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=240-244}}

{{cite journal
| last1 = Walter
| first1 = Stepp
| title = The Ironic Double In Poe's "The Cask Of Amontillado"
| volume = 13
| issue = 4
| pages = 447
}}

{{Refend}}

==External Links ==

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-20T14:50:43Z

Zoria1: added plot

* {{cite book
|last=Fitzgerald
|first=F. Scott
|date=2002
|chapter=Babylon Revisited
|title=Reading and Writing about Literature
| editor-last = Sipiora
| editor-first = Phillip
| location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ
|publisher= Prentice Hall
|pages=6-18
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| page = 18
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Robinson
| first1 = Daniel
| date =2020
| title = Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp".
| journal = CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group
| volume = 28
| page = 39-50
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stuckey
| first1 = Lexi
| date =2006
| title = Teaching Conformity in Kurt Vonnegut's 'Harrison Bergeron'
| journal = Eureka Printing.
| volume = 7
| issue = 1
| page = 85-90
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Elhefnawy
| first1 = Nader
| date =2018
| title =Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado'
| journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
| volume = 76
| issue = 2
| page = 103-105.
}}

Metaphor
The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

Theme
The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.

Explanation of the work title
Kurt Vonnegut's brief tale "Harrison Bergeron" has expected to be a noticeable situation on numerous English class' conversation practices due to its serious quest for human correspondence at any expense. This is a good way to understand' psyches on the wondrous capability of the person than to show them Vonnegut's universe of terrible covers for the wonderful, loads for the solid, and difficult idea disruptors for the clever. Few have contended against this translation of the story, which is a little yet significant piece of Vonnegut's philosophical heritage. In any case, "Harrison Bergeron" really fits an elective perusing, that it is adequate to seek after populism through implementing a most minimized shared variable mindset.

Plot
In "The Cask of Amontillado" Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of admission. However, his description of the episode offers very little with regard to what he thought and felt. Obviously, a significant part of the analysis of the story is committed to working out Montresor's thought process and sentiments from the slight detail on offer. Rather than the thought processes that drive individuals to kill. Montresor even makes directed reference toward his indignation regarding Fortunato's affront. In any case, if the reference is pointed it is additionally ambiguous, and conceivably less tempting than spur of the moment. He's telling the peruser that he bore a thousand wounds of Fortunato unemotionally, however at the point when Fortunato is unremarkable. Montresor depicts his homicide of Fortunato in a tone of admission to a "the private gets it "the idea of my spirit." thought and felt. This is manner satisfactory to drive Montresor to kill, how Montresor goes with regards to his vengeance—the hero not looking for fulfillment in a duel yet demanding it through a more barefaced and surprising technique for homicide.

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-20T13:54:54Z

Zoria1: added cite journal

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-20T13:53:00Z

Zoria1: added cite journal

The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-19T01:19:14Z

Zoria1: /* Characters */ added description of Fortunato.

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allen Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short story by Edgar Allen Poe.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit, which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Harrison Bergeron

2021-10-15T15:06:35Z

Zoria1: /* Works Cited */

{{Infobox short story 
| name = Harrison Bergeron
| author = [[w:Kurt Vonnegut|Kurt Vonnegut]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| genre = [[Dystopia]], [[Science fiction]], political fiction
| published_in = ''[[w:The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction|The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''
| publisher =
| media_type = Print (magazine)
| pub_date = 1961
}}

“'''Harrison Bergeron'''” is a 1961 short story by Kurt Vonnegut.


==Plot==
In 2081, nobody is allowed to be smarter than anybody else, and people who are smarter or more beautiful have to wear handicaps, like face masks or radios that buzz in their ears. These laws are strictly enforced by the Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers. Harrison Bergeron has exceptional abilities, so was taken away From his parents George and Hazel when he was only 14. . . . Harrison escapes and invades the television studio in an attempt to overthrow the government. He then takes off his handicaps along with a ballerina's handicap and calls himself the Emperor and her the empress. As they kiss, Diana Moon Glampers kills them both.

==Characters==
===Harrison Bergeron===
He is the son of George and Hazel Bergeron, he was taken away by the government at age 14. He is seven feet tall and appears to be the most advanced model the human species has to offer. Harrison is imprisoned for refusing to accept the government's regulations on himself and society, but he escapes, removes his handicaps, and in an act of disobedience against the government.

===George Bergeron===
George Bergeron is Harrison Bergeron's father and Hazel Bergeron's husband. Despite his strength and "far above normal" IQ, George's abilities are limited by state-imposed mental and physical handicaps, making him equal to everyone else.

=== Hazel Bergeron===
Hazel Bergeron is Harrison Bergeron's mother and George Bergeron's wife. Unlike her husband and son, Hazel is described as having "perfectly average" strength and intelligence, she can't think about anything except in brief spurts, hence she has neither mental or physical handicaps.

===Ballerina/Empress===
The Ballerina is one of the dancers in George and Hazel Bergeron's televised dance performance, which they watch for the duration of the story. She is beautiful and talented, so wears extreme handicaps like weights and an ugly mask. When Harrison Bergeron storms onto the stage and orders, "Let the first woman who dares rise to her feet claim her mate and her throne,"{{sfn|Vonnegut|2002|p=138}} she rises to her feet and joins him. Harrison takes away all of her handicaps, revealing her "blindingly attractive" beauty, and the two of them dance together brilliantly. Diana Moon Glampers shoots and kills Harrison and the Empress after the dance.

=== Diana Moon Glampers (Handicapper General)===
She is the United States' Handicapper General. She is in charge of controlling the minds and bodies of all Americans in order to ensure that everyone is treated equally. She is the one who shot and killed both Harrison and the Ballerina on live television in order to silence their opposition and convey a message to all residents that individualism and skill will not be allowed.

== Major Themes==
From the start, it is evident that equality is a major theme. The equality represented in the satire isn't what most people think of when they say they desire equality. The intelligent have their thoughts disrupted by jolting sounds, musicians have an unstated handicap that limits their abilities, and the beautiful wear horrible masks.{{sfn|Hattenhauer|1998|p=387}}

A major theme presented in the story is the pessimism of technology. Vonnegut's depiction of science fiction correlating to equality is the absurdity of humanity.{{sfn|Klinkowitz|1973|p=147}} The fusion of technology and humanity in this world hinders the capabilities of human variance, causing the destruction of the universe.{{sfn|Klinkowitz|1973|p=148}}

==Development History==


===Publication History===
“Harrison Bergeron” was first published in ''The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction'', then later republished in Vonnegut’s ''Welcome to the Monkey House'' collection in 1968.

===Explanation of the Work's Title===

Vonnegut named the story after the protagonist Harrison Bergeron, a all-American boy who tries to stage a revolt and change the society.{{sfn|Votteler|1991|p=427}} Kurt Vonnegut's brief tale "Harrison Bergeron" has expected to be a noticeable situation on numerous English class' conversation practices due to its serious quest for human correspondence at any expense.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=85}} This is a good way to understand' psyches on the wondrous capability of the person than to show them Vonnegut's universe of terrible covers for the wonderful, loads for the solid, and difficult idea disruptors for the clever.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=85}} Few have contended against this translation of the story, which is a little yet significant piece of Vonnegut's philosophical heritage.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=86}} In any case, "Harrison Bergeron" really fits an elective perusing, that it is adequate to seek after populism through implementing a most minimized shared variable mindset.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=86}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==
“Harrison Bergeron” earned Vonnegut the 39th Prometheus award on August 19, 2019 during the 77th World Science Fiction Convention in Dublin, Ireland.{{sfn|Library|2019}}

==Adaptations==


==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite book |last=Harris-Fain |first=Darren |date={{date|2017}} |chapter=Social and Stylistic Rebellion in Kurt Vonnegut’s 'Harrison Bergeron' and Harlan Ellison’s '"Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman' |title=Critical Insights: Rebellion |url= |location= |publisher=Grey House Publishing |pages=206–222 }}
* {{cite journal | last= Hattenhauer | first= Darryl | date= Fall 1998 | title= The Politics of Kurt Vonnegut’s 'Harrison Bergeron' | journal = Studies in Short Fiction | volume = 35 | issue = 4 | pages = 387–392 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Klinkowitz | first = Jerome | year = 1973 | title = The Vonnegut Statement | publisher = Library of Congress | location =
| pages = 147-148 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Vonnegut |first1=Kurt |date=2002 |chapter=Harrison Bergeron |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=135–139 }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stuckey
| first1 = Lexi
| date =2006
| title = Teaching Conformity in Kurt Vonnegut's 'Harrison Bergeron'
| journal = Eureka Printing.
| volume = 7
| issue = 1
| page = 85-90
}}
* {{Cite book | last =Votteler| first =Thomas | date ={{date|1991}} | chapter = Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. | title = Short Story Criticism | editor-last =Votteler | editor-first = Thomas | publisher = Gale Research Inc. | pages = 423-438 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.vonnegutlibrary.org/vonnegut-wins-prometheus-award-for-harrison-bergeron/ |title=Vonnegut wins Prometheus Award for ‘Harrison Bergeron’ |author= |date=August 19, 2019 |website=Kurt Vonnegut Museum Library|access-date=2021-10-13 |ref={{SfnRef|Library|2019}}}}
{{Refend}}

==External Links ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/harrison-bergeron |title=Harrison Bergeron |author= |date={{date|n.d.}} |website=eNotes |publisher= |access-date=2021-10-13 }}
{{Refend}}

[[Category:Literary]] 
[[Category:20th Century]] 
[[Category:Contemporary]] 
[[Category:Short Stories]]

Harrison Bergeron

2021-10-14T21:25:37Z

Zoria1: /* Explanation of the Work's Title */ Added Explanation of the Work's Title

{{Infobox short story 
| name = Harrison Bergeron
| author = [[w:Kurt Vonnegut|Kurt Vonnegut]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| genre = [[Dystopia]], [[Science fiction]], political fiction
| published_in = ''[[w:The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction|The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''
| publisher =
| media_type = Print (magazine)
| pub_date = 1961
}}

“'''Harrison Bergeron'''” is a 1961 short story by Kurt Vonnegut.


==Plot==
In 2081, nobody is allowed to be smarter than anybody else, and people who are smarter or more beautiful have to wear handicaps, like face masks or radios that buzz in their ears. These laws are strictly enforced by the Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers. Harrison Bergeron has exceptional abilities, so was taken away From his parents George and Hazel when he was only 14. . . . Harrison escapes and invades the television studio in an attempt to overthrow the government. He then takes off his handicaps along with a ballerina's handicap and calls himself the Emperor and her the empress. As they kiss, Diana Moon Glampers kills them both.

==Characters==
===Harrison Bergeron===
He is the son of George and Hazel Bergeron, he was taken away by the government at age 14. He is seven feet tall and appears to be the most advanced model the human species has to offer. Harrison is imprisoned for refusing to accept the government's regulations on himself and society, but he escapes, removes his handicaps, and in an act of disobedience against the government.

===George Bergeron===
George Bergeron is Harrison Bergeron's father and Hazel Bergeron's husband. Despite his strength and "far above normal" IQ, George's abilities are limited by state-imposed mental and physical handicaps, making him equal to everyone else.

=== Hazel Bergeron===
Hazel Bergeron is Harrison Bergeron's mother and George Bergeron's wife. Unlike her husband and son, Hazel is described as having "perfectly average" strength and intelligence, she can't think about anything except in brief spurts, hence she has neither mental or physical handicaps.

===Ballerina/Empress===
The Ballerina is one of the dancers in George and Hazel Bergeron's televised dance performance, which they watch for the duration of the story. She is beautiful and talented, so wears extreme handicaps like weights and an ugly mask. When Harrison Bergeron storms onto the stage and orders, "Let the first woman who dares rise to her feet claim her mate and her throne,"{{sfn|Vonnegut|2002|p=138}} she rises to her feet and joins him. Harrison takes away all of her handicaps, revealing her "blindingly attractive" beauty, and the two of them dance together brilliantly. Diana Moon Glampers shoots and kills Harrison and the Empress after the dance.

=== Diana Moon Glampers (Handicapper General)===
She is the United States' Handicapper General. She is in charge of controlling the minds and bodies of all Americans in order to ensure that everyone is treated equally. She is the one who shot and killed both Harrison and the Ballerina on live television in order to silence their opposition and convey a message to all residents that individualism and skill will not be allowed.

== Major Themes==
From the start, it is evident that equality is a major theme. The equality represented in the satire isn't what most people think of when they say they desire equality. The intelligent have their thoughts disrupted by jolting sounds, musicians have an unstated handicap that limits their abilities, and the beautiful wear horrible masks.{{sfn|Hattenhauer|1998|p=387}}

A major theme presented in the story is the pessimism of technology. Vonnegut's depiction of science fiction correlating to equality is the absurdity of humanity.{{sfn|Klinkowitz|1973|p=147}} The fusion of technology and humanity in this world hinders the capabilities of human variance, causing the destruction of the universe.{{sfn|Klinkowitz|1973|p=148}}

==Development History==


===Publication History===
“Harrison Bergeron” was first published in ''The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction'', then later republished in Vonnegut’s ''Welcome to the Monkey House'' collection in 1968.

===Explanation of the Work's Title===

Vonnegut named the story after the protagonist Harrison Bergeron, a all-American boy who tries to stage a revolt and change the society.{{sfn|Votteler|1991|p=427}} Kurt Vonnegut's brief tale "Harrison Bergeron" has expected to be a noticeable situation on numerous English class' conversation practices due to its serious quest for human correspondence at any expense.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=85}} This is a good way to understand' psyches on the wondrous capability of the person than to show them Vonnegut's universe of terrible covers for the wonderful, loads for the solid, and difficult idea disruptors for the clever.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=85}} Few have contended against this translation of the story, which is a little yet significant piece of Vonnegut's philosophical heritage.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=86}} In any case, "Harrison Bergeron" really fits an elective perusing, that it is adequate to seek after populism through implementing a most minimized shared variable mindset.{{sfn|Stuckey|2006|p=86}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==
“Harrison Bergeron” earned Vonnegut the 39th Prometheus award on August 19, 2019 during the 77th World Science Fiction Convention in Dublin, Ireland.{{sfn|Library|2019}}

==Adaptations==


==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite book |last=Harris-Fain |first=Darren |date={{date|2017}} |chapter=Social and Stylistic Rebellion in Kurt Vonnegut’s 'Harrison Bergeron' and Harlan Ellison’s '"Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman' |title=Critical Insights: Rebellion |url= |location= |publisher=Grey House Publishing |pages=206–222 }}
* {{cite journal | last= Hattenhauer | first= Darryl | date= Fall 1998 | title= The Politics of Kurt Vonnegut’s 'Harrison Bergeron' | journal = Studies in Short Fiction | volume = 35 | issue = 4 | pages = 387–392 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Klinkowitz | first = Jerome | year = 1973 | title = The Vonnegut Statement | publisher = Library of Congress | location =
| pages = 147-148 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Vonnegut |first1=Kurt |date=2002 |chapter=Harrison Bergeron |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=135–139 }}
* {{Cite book | last =Votteler| first =Thomas | date ={{date|1991}} | chapter = Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. | title = Short Story Criticism | editor-last =Votteler | editor-first = Thomas | publisher = Gale Research Inc. | pages = 423-438 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.vonnegutlibrary.org/vonnegut-wins-prometheus-award-for-harrison-bergeron/ |title=Vonnegut wins Prometheus Award for ‘Harrison Bergeron’ |author= |date=August 19, 2019 |website=Kurt Vonnegut Museum Library|access-date=2021-10-13 |ref={{SfnRef|Library|2019}}}}
{{Refend}}

==External Links ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/harrison-bergeron |title=Harrison Bergeron |author= |date={{date|n.d.}} |website=eNotes |publisher= |access-date=2021-10-13 }}
{{Refend}}

[[Category:Literary]] 
[[Category:20th Century]] 
[[Category:Contemporary]] 
[[Category:Short Stories]]

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-13T14:40:37Z

Zoria1: Added explanation of the work title

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-10-13T14:10:17Z

Zoria1: Added the cite journal for Harrison Bergeron

Harrison Bergeron

2021-10-11T18:33:45Z

Zoria1: /* Plot */ Corrected some grammar.

Harrison Bergeron

2021-10-11T18:29:31Z

Zoria1: added character

To Build a Fire

2021-10-06T03:13:04Z

Zoria1: /* Major Themes */ Changed some grammar

{{Infobox short story 
| name = To Build a Fire
| image =
| caption =
| title_orig =
| translator =
| author = [[w:Jack London|Jack London]]
| country =

| language = English
| series =
| genre = Adventure, short story
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1902, 1908
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

“'''To Build a Fire'''” is a 1908 short story by Jack London.


==Plot==


==Characters==
===The Man===
The man travels in the Yukon Territories with a husky. He is a “''chechaquo''," or a newcomer,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}} making him overconfident and inexperienced, but self-assured because he knows the “facts.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Dog===
The dog is a “big native husky”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=150}} that accompanies the man along on his journey; the dog operates based on instinct.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Old-Timer===
Though he only appears in flashbacks, the Old-Timer from Sulphur Creek warns the man about the cold and traveling alone. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=154}}

==Major Themes==

A major theme of “Fire” is man versus nature, specifically, that man’s arrogance blinds him to nature and its potential.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}} The Klondike is an area that is a grasping story of the battle of the frozen Yukon trail.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=157}} It is an account of man versus nature, yet inside that story is one more story about a man's pride and unreadiness to acknowledge nature for what it is. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}} At the point when the man dismisses the law of nature, the discipline managed out naturally is serious. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=156}} The punishment of death comes to about because of attempting to stay away from it. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=158}} There is a big contrast between the information and that man has and the information he ought to have had.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}}

The importance of community, as opposed to self-reliance in survival and growth, is emphasized in “Fire.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}}

Critic Donald Pizer explains how the limit of individualism is a key theme in this story. {{sfn|Pizer|2010|p=219}} The protagonist of the novel frequently claims his ability to travel alone and feels he can survive the harsh winter conditions. {{sfn|Pizer|2010|p=220}} Despite the cautions of the old man at Sulphur Creek, he refuses to travel with a companion, which ultimately leads to his death. {{sfn|Pizer|2010|p=221}}The man is unaware of the value of receiving assistance from others and believes that his own abilities will assure his survival. Apart from declining to go with a companion, the man demonstrates independence by dismissing the old man's wisdom and ignoring experience and guidance. The fact that the old man is an American in unfamiliar terrain is one piece of information that we are provided with. Individual freedoms and liberties are prized in American culture, and London's experience exemplifies the risks that these beliefs can engender.

A theme of "To Build A Fire" by London, is self-destruction. The protagonist not only ignores the old-timers warning to travel with a partner, lacks imagination but he is incapable of companionability. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=173}} He traveled alone except for a wolf dog, which he treated with contempt and hostility. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=173}} Not only by trying to use him to check for faults in the ice, at the end he thought about killing him to warm his hands. The protagonist also contuses to chew tobacco causing an amber beard to form, which later obstructs his mouth when tries to eat. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=175}} Then we are presented by the repetition of him trying to build a fire and failing again and again at his own despise. first by having the fire blotted out by an avalanche of snow, second, by having his book of Sulphur matches extinguished in one fell, and third by having fire snuffed out by a large piece of moss. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=173}} These failed attempts show that his arrogance and unwillingness to listen to others will lead to his own downfall.

Another theme for "To Build A Fire is a pride. It is the man's pride that allows him to start his uncertain journey, prevents him from moving back when he realizes how cold it is which ultimately leads to death. The man was warned not to travel alone but instead of preventing the man from making the trip he set out anyway and after soaking his feet he thought about the advice, given by that man.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=154}} Few hours into his trip when he has a chance to turn back, he finds that it is very cold and still has overconfidence which puts him in a danger because the temperature matters.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}} The man's pride is deep-seated after the falling snow put out his fire and his hands and feet are freezing totally he thought that old-timer from Sulphur creek was right and even after knowing that the death is not so far he doesn't realize that he was wrong. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=154}}

==Development History==


===Publication History===


===Explanation of the Work's Title===


==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==


==Adaptations==

"To Build A Fire" was adapted into a multi-award-winning short film in 2016. The making of the film was to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of Jack London. It was directed and written by Fx Goby.{{sfn|Gatrell|2018}}

==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}

* {{cite book |last=Gair |first=Christopher |date={{date|2011}} |chapter=The Wires Were Down: The Telegraph and the Cultural Self in “To Build a Fire” and ''White Fang'' |title=Jack London |editor-last=Bloom |editor-first=Harold |series=Bloom’s Modern Critical Views |url= |location=New York |publisher=Bloom’s Literary Criticism |pages=73–90 }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Hillier
| first1 = Russell
| date = 2010
| title = Crystal Beards and Dantean Influence in Jack London's 'To Build a Fire (II)'
| journal = American Literature
| volume = 23
| issue = 3
| pages = 172-178
}}
* {{Cite book |last=London |first=Jack | date=2002 |orig-year=1908 |chapter=To Build a Fire |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Pizer
| first1 = Donald
| date = April 2010
| title = Jack London's "To Build a Fire": How Not To Read Naturalist Fiction
| journal = Philosophy & Literature
| volume = 34
| issue = 1
| pages = 218-227
}}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}

{{Refend}}

==External Links==


* {{cite web |last=Gatrell |first=Henry |title= Short of the Week - To Build a Fire |url=https://oneroomwithaview.com/2018/01/22/short-week-build-fire/ |date=2018 |website= oneroomwithaview.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

[[Category:Literary]] 
[[Category:20th Century]] 
[[Category:Naturalism]] 
[[Category:Short Stories]]

Sonny's Blues

2021-10-05T04:01:42Z

Zoria1: /* Characters */ Added the narrators brother

{{Infobox short story
| name = Sonny’s Blues
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Partisan Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1957
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Sonny’s Blues”''' is a 1957 short story by [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] first published in ''Partisan Review''.


==Plot==
The story begins with the unnamed narrator on his way to work as a math teacher and opening up a newspaper finding out his brother, Sonny had been arrested for using and selling heroin.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}} The whole day his mind was set on the disturbing news. When his class was over, a friend of Sonny's came through the school yard to talk to the narrator about the situation and that he felt responsible for getting sonny hooked.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80-82}} After the narrator daughter died of polio, he felt the need to write Sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}} When sonny got out of jail he had to live with the narrator wife Isabel's parents so that he could go to school and have access to a piano.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=90}} Meanwhile, Sonny did not go to school, he started doing acid.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=91}} After that he ran off to the navy and came back, him and the narrator got into a argument which made the narrator try to figure out sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=92}} So he goes to where sonny plays the piano and likes it and he send his brother a drink of a alcoholic scotch and milk.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=99}} Sonny really didn't have no remorse for losing his parents at all.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}

==Characters==
'''Narrator''': He is a math teacher and he is 7 years older than Sonny.

'''Sonny''': He is the narrator's brother, jazz musician, and heroin addict who lived in New York. He died when he got hit by a car while walking home from a concert with the narrator’s father.

'''Isabel''': The wife of the narrator. She is a kind and understanding person and happy to take sonny into their family, despite his troubles.

'''Grace''': The narrator's daughter who died of polio at the age of two.

'''Creole''': Creole is the leader of the band sonny plays with at the jazz club.

'''The narrator's uncle''': He was killed at a young age when a car of drunken white men ran him over. The death broke the narrator's father's heart.

'''The narrator's Mother''': She is not alive in the story. She is wise and caring, dies when the narrator is away at war.

'''The narrator's Father''': He is also not alive and he is a hard man whose brother's death causes him immense grief.

'''Sonny's Friend''': He is a heroin addict who visits the narrator to tell him what happened to Sonny. He is an unnamed soul whose brief appearance in the novel represents the innumerable young guys in Harlem who are addicted to drugs.

==Major themes==
One of the major themes is power of music, Sonny compares music's affective power to that of heroin. It makes him feel, "warm and cool at the same time" distant, sure and in control.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=94}}

A theme presented in the story is brotherly division{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=1}}. The symbology of the death of Grace plays an essential role in both the narrator and Sonny’s relationship. Sonny’s fall from grace depicts his morality and corroded decisions leading to an isolated life.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=2}} A fall from grace always has consequences in Christianity. The family is sorrowed over the death of the narrator’s daughter, leading to disintegration of grace within the brothers, causing them to drift apart and threatens to destroy their relationship.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=3}}

==Development history==


===Publication history===




===Explanation of the Story’s Title===
The title of the story "Sonny's Blues” explains more about the story than it puts on even though his brother is the narrator, the character Sonny, still seems to have the story centered around him. As the book begins, we get to know just what Sonny's "blues" or woes are. Going into the second paragraph the narrator describes his concern for his brother as " A great block of ice... settled in my belly ". {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}} He further goes on to describe the block of ice to be expanding until it felt like his guts " were going to spill out" he "was going to choke scream". {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}} The narrator goes on to talk about how Sonny was arrested in a raid for “peddling and using heroin”. {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}}

==Literary significance and reception==


==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==


==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]]
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baldwin |first1=James |date=2002 |chapter=Sonny's Blues |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |pages=79-99 }}
* {{cite journal | first=Eui Young | last= Kim | date= October 2013 | title= The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's ‘Sonny's Blues’ | journal= The Explicator | volume= 76 | issue= 3 | pages= 161-165
}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stone | first1=Caitlin | date= October 2013 | title= Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in ‘Sonny's Blues’ |journal=The Explicator | volume= 71 |issue= 4 | pages= 251-254 }}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* . . .

[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]

Indian Camp

2021-09-30T03:48:37Z

Zoria1: /* Nick's father */ Put a period at the end

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick, he is very caring and he seems to be a good father. He brings his child Nick along on the outing, expecting to show him examples of life and work. He's a manly figure and responds to his reality with confidence.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story presents the spouse as a hapless spectator.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} He's profoundly tormented by his better half's shouts, yet can't offer her the assistance she needs.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} There's nothing left but to remain close by and witness Nick's dad's a hard yet effective treatment of her.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}} This condition wears on him In the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which has never been known.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}}

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
“Indian Camp” is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “that he would never die”.

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.{{sfn|Tyler|2006|p=38}}

A theme of “Indian Camp” is growth.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=207}} Nick and his father Dr. Adams are on vacation, when he is called to have a women deliver a child. Dr. Adams decides to bring his son who we can tell is preadolescent to witness his work. We know this about Nick because, “Nick’s willingness to have his father on the ride across the lake, contact teenagers are more likely to eschew.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=208}}
This would be shocking for anyone to watch, especially a young boy. At the beginning before the operation begins Nick is asking questions about what is happening to the Indian women. By the end of it we see Nick’s “Looking away so as not to see what his father was doing,” “indicates his attempt to shut his eyes to what he has already witnessed.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}}
There is no telling what it would do to a child to see his father operate in those conditions and all while being asked to assist. After doing so, they go to check on the father, to discover he is dead after committing suicide. This provided another “shock to the boy and adding to the quick birth-to-death cycle.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}} At the end of the story Nick is no longer clinging to his father on the way back to the camp showing he is no longer the scared boy clinging to his father, like he was before.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=210}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last =Hays | first =Peter | date ={{date|2013}} | chapter = Teaching 'Indian Camp' | title = Fifty Years of Hemingway Criticism | editor-last = Hays | editor-first = Peter | publisher = Scarecrow Press| pages = 207-210 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Hemingway | first = Ernest | date = 2002 | chapter = Indian Camp | title = Reading and Writing about Literature | editor-last = Sipiora | editor-first = Phillip | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ | pages = 28–31 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Daniel |title=Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of ‘Indian Camp’ |url= |journal=CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association |volume=28 |issue= |date={{date|2020}} |pages=39-50 |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| pages = 37-53
}}

Indian Camp

2021-09-30T03:47:34Z

Zoria1: /* Indian Woman's Husband */ changed a reference

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick, he is very caring and he seems to be a good father. He brings his child Nick along on the outing, expecting to show him examples of life and work. He's a manly figure and responds to his reality with confidence

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story presents the spouse as a hapless spectator.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} He's profoundly tormented by his better half's shouts, yet can't offer her the assistance she needs.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} There's nothing left but to remain close by and witness Nick's dad's a hard yet effective treatment of her.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}} This condition wears on him In the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which has never been known.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}}

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
“Indian Camp” is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “that he would never die”.

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.{{sfn|Tyler|2006|p=38}}

A theme of “Indian Camp” is growth.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=207}} Nick and his father Dr. Adams are on vacation, when he is called to have a women deliver a child. Dr. Adams decides to bring his son who we can tell is preadolescent to witness his work. We know this about Nick because, “Nick’s willingness to have his father on the ride across the lake, contact teenagers are more likely to eschew.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=208}}
This would be shocking for anyone to watch, especially a young boy. At the beginning before the operation begins Nick is asking questions about what is happening to the Indian women. By the end of it we see Nick’s “Looking away so as not to see what his father was doing,” “indicates his attempt to shut his eyes to what he has already witnessed.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}}
There is no telling what it would do to a child to see his father operate in those conditions and all while being asked to assist. After doing so, they go to check on the father, to discover he is dead after committing suicide. This provided another “shock to the boy and adding to the quick birth-to-death cycle.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}} At the end of the story Nick is no longer clinging to his father on the way back to the camp showing he is no longer the scared boy clinging to his father, like he was before.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=210}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last =Hays | first =Peter | date ={{date|2013}} | chapter = Teaching 'Indian Camp' | title = Fifty Years of Hemingway Criticism | editor-last = Hays | editor-first = Peter | publisher = Scarecrow Press| pages = 207-210 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Hemingway | first = Ernest | date = 2002 | chapter = Indian Camp | title = Reading and Writing about Literature | editor-last = Sipiora | editor-first = Phillip | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ | pages = 28–31 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Daniel |title=Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of ‘Indian Camp’ |url= |journal=CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association |volume=28 |issue= |date={{date|2020}} |pages=39-50 |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| pages = 37-53
}}

Indian Camp

2021-09-30T03:45:14Z

Zoria1: /* Nick's father */ I added more information and corrected a simple error of some else work

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick, he is very caring and he seems to be a good father. He brings his child Nick along on the outing, expecting to show him examples of life and work. He's a manly figure and responds to his reality with confidence

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story presents the spouse as a hapless spectator.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} He's profoundly tormented by his better half's shouts, yet can't offer her the assistance she needs.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} There's nothing left but to remain close by and witness Nick's dad's a hard yet effective treatment of her{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}}. This condition wears on him In the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which has never been known.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}}

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
“Indian Camp” is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “that he would never die”.

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.{{sfn|Tyler|2006|p=38}}

A theme of “Indian Camp” is growth.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=207}} Nick and his father Dr. Adams are on vacation, when he is called to have a women deliver a child. Dr. Adams decides to bring his son who we can tell is preadolescent to witness his work. We know this about Nick because, “Nick’s willingness to have his father on the ride across the lake, contact teenagers are more likely to eschew.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=208}}
This would be shocking for anyone to watch, especially a young boy. At the beginning before the operation begins Nick is asking questions about what is happening to the Indian women. By the end of it we see Nick’s “Looking away so as not to see what his father was doing,” “indicates his attempt to shut his eyes to what he has already witnessed.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}}
There is no telling what it would do to a child to see his father operate in those conditions and all while being asked to assist. After doing so, they go to check on the father, to discover he is dead after committing suicide. This provided another “shock to the boy and adding to the quick birth-to-death cycle.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}} At the end of the story Nick is no longer clinging to his father on the way back to the camp showing he is no longer the scared boy clinging to his father, like he was before.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=210}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last =Hays | first =Peter | date ={{date|2013}} | chapter = Teaching 'Indian Camp' | title = Fifty Years of Hemingway Criticism | editor-last = Hays | editor-first = Peter | publisher = Scarecrow Press| pages = 207-210 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Hemingway | first = Ernest | date = 2002 | chapter = Indian Camp | title = Reading and Writing about Literature | editor-last = Sipiora | editor-first = Phillip | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ | pages = 28–31 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Daniel |title=Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of ‘Indian Camp’ |url= |journal=CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association |volume=28 |issue= |date={{date|2020}} |pages=39-50 |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| pages = 37-53
}}

Indian Camp

2021-09-30T03:38:12Z

Zoria1: /* Indian Woman's Husband */ Merge someone else work with mine since it contained the same information.

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story presents the spouse as a hapless spectator.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} He's profoundly tormented by his better half's shouts, yet can't offer her the assistance she needs.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=29}} There's nothing left but to remain close by and witness Nick's dad's a hard yet effective treatment of her{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}}. This condition wears on him In the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which has never been known.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=30}}

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
“Indian Camp” is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “that he would never die”.

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.{{sfn|Tyler|2006|p=38}}

A theme of “Indian Camp” is growth.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=207}} Nick and his father Dr. Adams are on vacation, when he is called to have a women deliver a child. Dr. Adams decides to bring his son who we can tell is preadolescent to witness his work. We know this about Nick because, “Nick’s willingness to have his father on the ride across the lake, contact teenagers are more likely to eschew.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=208}}
This would be shocking for anyone to watch, especially a young boy. At the beginning before the operation begins Nick is asking questions about what is happening to the Indian women. By the end of it we see Nick’s “Looking away so as not to see what his father was doing,” “indicates his attempt to shut his eyes to what he has already witnessed.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}}
There is no telling what it would do to a child to see his father operate in those conditions and all while being asked to assist. After doing so, they go to check on the father, to discover he is dead after committing suicide. This provided another “shock to the boy and adding to the quick birth-to-death cycle.”{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=209}} At the end of the story Nick is no longer clinging to his father on the way back to the camp showing he is no longer the scared boy clinging to his father, like he was before.{{sfn|Hays|2013|p=210}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last =Hays | first =Peter | date ={{date|2013}} | chapter = Teaching 'Indian Camp' | title = Fifty Years of Hemingway Criticism | editor-last = Hays | editor-first = Peter | publisher = Scarecrow Press| pages = 207-210 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Hemingway | first = Ernest | date = 2002 | chapter = Indian Camp | title = Reading and Writing about Literature | editor-last = Sipiora | editor-first = Phillip | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ | pages = 28–31 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Daniel |title=Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of ‘Indian Camp’ |url= |journal=CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association |volume=28 |issue= |date={{date|2020}} |pages=39-50 |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| pages = 37-53
}}

Sonny's Blues/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-30T00:34:20Z

Zoria1: I corrected the grammar

{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stone
| first1 = Caitlin
| date = Oct 2013
| title = Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in Sonny's Blues
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=mlf&AN=2015383085&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=ns235467
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 71
| issue = 4
| pages = 251-254
}} Stone explains the significance of the death of grace and how it relates to the brothers. Topics addressed include the symbolic associations of the Grace's death and the religious "a fall from grace" in Christian terminology.

{{Refend}}
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
{{cite journal
| last1 = Kim
| first1 = Eui Young
| date = 2018
| title = The Sociology of the ghetto in James Baldwin's SONNY BLUES
| url = https://doi.org/10.1080/00144940.2018.1499604
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 76
| issue = 3
| pages = 161-165
}} This literary criticism article explains the sociology of the ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny Blues b

{{cite journal
| last1 =Dempsey
| first1 = Joan
| year = 2011
| title = Waiting for you: Beauford Delaney as James Baldwin's Inspiration for the character creole in "Sonny's Blues
| journal = Obsidian
| volume = 12
| issue = 1
| pages = 60-78
}}This article of journal states that how creole inspired and help sonny to overcome heroin. Creole is an artistic mentor and a father figure for sonny. Creole is very clearly the principal person who has taken sonny under his wings. It is because of playing the piano that sonny can stay away from drugs. With the help of creole, sonny takes the risk to become a jazz musician.
{{Refend}}

To Build a Fire

2021-09-29T14:21:00Z

Zoria1: /* Major Themes */ Rearranged the references

{{Infobox short story 
| name = To Build a Fire
| image =
| caption =
| title_orig =
| translator =
| author = [[w:Jack London|Jack London]]
| country =

| language = English
| series =
| genre = Adventure, short story
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1902, 1908
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

“'''To Build a Fire'''” is a 1908 short story by Jack London.


==Plot==


==Characters==
===The Man===
The man travels in the Yukon Territories with a husky. He is a “''chechaquo''," or a newcomer,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}} making him overconfident and inexperienced, but self-assured because he knows the “facts.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Dog===
The dog is a “big native husky”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=150}} that accompanies the man along on his journey; the dog operates based on instinct.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Old-Timer===
Though he only appears in flashbacks, the Old-Timer from Sulphur Creek warns the man about the cold and traveling alone.

==Major Themes==

A major theme of “Fire” is man versus nature, specifically, that man’s arrogance blinds him to nature and its potential.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}} The Klondike is an area that is a grasping story of the battle of the frozen Yukon trail.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=157}} It is an account of man versus nature, yet inside that story is one more story about a man's pride and unreadiness to acknowledge nature for what it is. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}} At the point when the man dismisses the law of nature, the discipline managed out naturally is serious. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=156}} The punishment of death comes to about because of attempting to stay away from it. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=158}} There is a big contrast between the information and that man has and the information he ought to have had.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}}

The importance of community as opposed to self-reliance in survival and growth is emphasized in “Fire.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}}

Critic Donald Pizer explains how the limit of individualism is a key theme in this story. The protagonist of the novel frequently claims his ability to travel alone and feels he can survive the harsh winter conditions. Despite the cautions of the old man at Sulphur Creek, he refuses to travel with a companion, which ultimately leads to his death. The man is unaware of the value of receiving assistance from others and believes that his own abilities will assure his survival. Apart from declining to go with a companion, the man demonstrates independence by dismissing the old man's wisdom and ignoring experience and guidance. The fact that the old man is an American in unfamiliar terrain is one piece of information that we are provided with. Individual freedoms and liberties are prized in American culture, and London's experience exemplifies the risks that these beliefs can engender. {{sfn|Pizer|2010}}

==Development History==


===Publication History===


===Explanation of the Work's Title===


==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==


==Adaptations==

"To Build A Fire" was adapted into a multi-award-winning short film in 2016. The making of the film was to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of Jack London. It was directed and written by Fx Goby.{{sfn|Gatrell|2018}}

==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}

* {{cite book |last=Gair |first=Christopher |date={{date|2011}} |chapter=The Wires Were Down: The Telegraph and the Cultural Self in “To Build a Fire” and ''White Fang'' |title=Jack London |editor-last=Bloom |editor-first=Harold |series=Bloom’s Modern Critical Views |url= |location=New York |publisher=Bloom’s Literary Criticism |pages=73–90 }}
* {{Cite book |last=London |first=Jack | date=2002 |orig-year=1908 |chapter=To Build a Fire |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Pizer
| first1 = Donald
| date = April 2010
| title = Jack London's "To Build a Fire": How Not To Read Naturalist Fiction
| journal = Philosophy & Literature
| volume = 34
| issue = 1
| pages = 218-227
}}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}

{{Refend}}

==External Links==


* {{cite web |last=Gatrell |first=Henry |title= Short of the Week - To Build a Fire |url=https://oneroomwithaview.com/2018/01/22/short-week-build-fire/ |date=2018 |website= oneroomwithaview.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

[[Category:Literary]] 
[[Category:20th Century]] 
[[Category:Naturalism]] 
[[Category:Short Stories]]

To Build a Fire/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-29T14:04:37Z

Zoria1: fixed the paragraph

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
*{{cite journal
| last1 = Bowen
| first1 = James
| date = Winter 1971
| title = Jack London's "To Build a Fire": Epistemology and the White Wilderness
| journal = Western American Literature
| volume = 5
| issue = 4
| page = 287-289
}} The dog's survival in "To Build a Fire," symbolically reflects London's idea that man should, sometimes, rely on his intuition truths rather than his intellectual cognitive processes. He appears to suggest that animals live by instinct, individuals with low mental capacity fail, and human beings who use good judgment, balanced by emotional insights, overcome a harsh environment. He had a problem in that he lacked imagination. In the simple things in life, he was quick and vigilant, but only in these things, not in the significances. Rather than representing the victory of instinct over reason, London offers a third choice as a new perspective on human existence. In this case, it would be the old timer from Sulphur Creek.

*{{cite journal
| last1 = Pizer
| first1 = Donald
| date = April 2010
| title = Jack London's 'To Build a Fire': How Not to Read Naturalist Fiction
| journal = Johns Hopkins University Press
| volume = 34
| issue = 1
| page = 218-227
}}Mitchell's travels alone to prove his case that "To Build a Fire" communicates the naturalistic reason that man lives in a world that denies him the possibility to travel alone. It is mid-winter in the Arctic during a cold day, that the man is traveling alone. The storyteller is deciding on this choice because of his record of the setting and the idea of the man. The man didn't stress about the shortfall of the sun, since he realizes that it will return in a couple of days. However, we understand very quickly, the man has just a piece of shallow information on the Arctic. As he remains on the bank of the Yukon. He has almost not seen the outrageous danger presented by the cold. This is his first winter. Afterward, the man likewise knows the reality that the sun will return, that it is fifty degrees under nothing, yet he doesn't have the smartest idea about the significance of this reality that it predicts passing for any individual who makes himself defenseless against its capacity to kill.

To Build a Fire

2021-09-29T05:26:36Z

Zoria1: /* Major Themes */ Theme exploration

{{Infobox short story 
| name = To Build a Fire
| image =
| caption =
| title_orig =
| translator =
| author = [[w:Jack London|Jack London]]
| country =

| language = English
| series =
| genre = Adventure, short story
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1902, 1908
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

“'''To Build a Fire'''” is a 1908 short story by Jack London.


==Plot==


==Characters==
===The Man===
The man travels in the Yukon Territories with a husky. He is a “''chechaquo''," or a newcomer,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}} making him overconfident and inexperienced, but self-assured because he knows the “facts.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Dog===
The dog is a “big native husky”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=150}} that accompanies the man along on his journey; the dog operates based on instinct.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Old-Timer===
Though he only appears in flashbacks, the Old-Timer from Sulphur Creek warns the man about the cold and traveling alone.

==Major Themes==

A major theme of “Fire” is man versus nature, specifically that man’s arrogance blinds him to nature and its potential.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}}

The importance of community as opposed to self-reliance in survival and growth is emphasized in “Fire.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}}

The limit of individualism is a key theme in this story. The protagonist of the novel frequently claims his ability to travel alone and feels he can survive the harsh winter conditions. Despite the cautions of the old man at Sulphur Creek, he refuses to travel with a companion, which ultimately leads to his death. The man is unaware of the value of receiving assistance from others and believes that his own abilities will assure his survival. Apart from declining to go with a companion, the man demonstrates independence by dismissing the old man's wisdom and ignoring experience and guidance. The fact that the old man is an American in unfamiliar terrain is one piece of information that we are provided with. Individual freedoms and liberties are prized in American culture, and London's experience exemplifies the risks that these beliefs can engender. {{sfn|Pizer|2010}}

The Klondike is an area that is a grasping story of the battle of the frozen Yukon trail. It is an account of man versus nature, yet inside that story is one more story about a man's pride and unreadiness to acknowledge nature for what it is. At the point when the man dismisses the law of nature, the discipline managed out naturally is serious. The punishment of death comes to about because of attempting to stay away from it. There is a big contrast between the information and that man has and the information he ought to have had.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}}

==Development History==


===Publication History===


===Explanation of the Work's Title===


==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==


==Adaptations==

"To Build A Fire" was adapted into a multi-award-winning short film in 2016. The making of the film was to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of Jack London. It was directed and written by Fx Goby.{{sfn|Gatrell|2018}}

==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}

* {{cite book |last=Gair |first=Christopher |date={{date|2011}} |chapter=The Wires Were Down: The Telegraph and the Cultural Self in “To Build a Fire” and ''White Fang'' |title=Jack London |editor-last=Bloom |editor-first=Harold |series=Bloom’s Modern Critical Views |url= |location=New York |publisher=Bloom’s Literary Criticism |pages=73–90 }}
* {{Cite book |last=London |first=Jack | date=2002 |orig-year=1908 |chapter=To Build a Fire |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
{{Refend}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Pizer
| first1 = Donald
| date = April 2010
| title = Jack London's "To Build a Fire": How Not To Read Naturalist Fiction
| journal = Philosophy & Literature
| volume = 34
| issue = 1
| pages = 218-227
}}

==External Links==


* {{cite web |last=Gatrell |first=Henry |title= Short of the Week - To Build a Fire |url=https://oneroomwithaview.com/2018/01/22/short-week-build-fire/ |date=2018 |website= oneroomwithaview.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

[[Category:Literary]] 
[[Category:20th Century]] 
[[Category:Naturalism]] 
[[Category:Short Stories]]

To Build a Fire/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-29T05:00:57Z

Zoria1: I added Annotated Bibliography

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
*{{cite journal
| last1 = Bowen
| first1 = James
| date = Winter 1971
| title = Jack London's "To Build a Fire": Epistemology and the White Wilderness
| journal = Western American Literature
| volume = 5
| issue = 4
| page = 287-289
}} The dog's survival in "To Build a Fire," symbolically reflects London's idea that man should, sometimes, rely on his intuition truths rather than his intellectual cognitive processes. He appears to suggest that animals live by instinct, individuals with low mental capacity fail, and human beings who use good judgment, balanced by emotional insights, overcome a harsh environment. He had a problem in that he lacked imagination. In the simple things in life, he was quick and vigilant, but only in these things, not in the significances. Rather than representing the victory of instinct over reason, London offers a third choice as a new perspective on human existence. In this case, it would be the old timer from Sulphur Creek.

*{{cite journal
| last1 = Pizer
| first1 = Donald
| date = April 2010
| title = Jack London's 'To Build a Fire': How Not to Read Naturalist Fiction
| journal = Johns Hopkins University Press
| volume = 34
| issue = 1
| page = 218-227
}}
Mitchell's travels alone to prove his case that "To Build a Fire" communicates the naturalistic reason that man lives in a world that denies him the possibility to travel alone. It is mid-winter in the Arctic during a cold day, that the man is traveling alone. The storyteller is deciding on this choice because of his record of the setting and the idea of the man. The man didn't stress about the shortfall of the sun, since he realizes that it will return in a couple of days. However, we understand very quickly, the man has just a piece of shallow information on the Arctic. As he remains on the bank of the Yukon. He has almost not seen the outrageous danger presented by the cold. This is his first winter. Afterward, the man likewise knows the reality that the sun will return, that it is fifty degrees under nothing, yet he doesn't have the smartest idea about the significance of this reality that it predicts passing for any individual who makes himself defenseless against its capacity to kill.

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-21T03:55:14Z

Zoria1: /* Characters */ I added Sonny description

To Build a Fire

2021-09-16T02:00:09Z

Zoria1: /* The Dog */ I added information about the dog

To Build a Fire

2021-09-14T04:43:55Z

Zoria1: /* The Man */ I added where he is traveling

Indian Camp

2021-09-12T15:52:49Z

Zoria1: I added the work cited

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
“Indian Camp” is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “that he would never die”.

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.{{sfn|Tyler, Lisa|2006|p=38}}

A theme of “Indian Camp” is growth. Nick and his father Dr. Adams are on vacation, when he is called to have a women deliver a child. Dr. Adams decides to bring his son who we can tell is preadolescent to witness his work. We know this about Nick because, “Nick’s willingness to have his father on the ride across the lake, contact teenagers are more likely to eschew.” This would be shocking for anyone to watch, especially a young boy. At the beginning before the operation begins Nick is asking questions about what is happing to the Indian women. By the end of it we see Nick’s “Looking away so as not to see what his father was doing,” “indicates his attempt to shut his eyes to what he has already witnessed.” There is no telling what it would do to a child to see his father operate in those conditions and all while being asked to assist. After doing so, they go to check on the father, to discover he is dead after committing suicide. This provided another “shock to the boy and adding to the quick birth-to-death cycle.” At the end of the story nick is no longer clinging to his father on the way back to the camp. This shows that Nick leaving the camp is no longer the scared boy clinging to his father, like he was before.

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last =Hays | first =Peter | date ={{date|2013}} | chapter = Teaching 'Indian Camp' | title = Fifty Years of Hemingway Criticism | editor-last = Hays | editor-first = Peter | publisher = Scarecrow Press| pages = 207-210 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Hemingway | first = Ernest | date = 2002 | chapter = Indian Camp | title = Reading and Writing about Literature | editor-last = Sipiora | editor-first = Phillip | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ | pages = 28–31 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Daniel |title=Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of ‘Indian Camp’ |url= |journal=CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association |volume=28 |issue= |date={{date|2020}} |pages=39-50 |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| page = 18
}}

Indian Camp/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-09T03:38:30Z

Zoria1: I added the summary of Indian Camp and work cited

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}

* {{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The Case for 'Indian Camp'
| journal = The Hemingway Review
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}

The story gives impression of Dr. Adam's as a man who cannot care for the women and just do his job. This journal article proves that Dr. Adam's save the life of Indian women and her baby by performing the operation as there is no other medical help available at that time, if he cannot do the operation the women and her baby die. Some readers blame Dr. Adam's for performing the operation as he didn't have any medical instrument's but at the end both mother and baby is fine and in noon a nurse arrives with all medical supplies. Dr. Adam's said, "her screams are not important" is a form of self-discipline which establish emotional distance between doctor and patient.

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| page = 18;
}}

“Indian Camp,” described as one of the best in the collection, dramatizes what appears to be Adams' first confrontation with profound personal suffering. In Our Time, Hemingway explores men's responses. Human and animal suffering, and especially women's suffering, affect their characters. The child who cannot separate cannot see another suffering and replaces attentive love with fantasy. Nick never has the chance to learn how to reciprocate, to see his mother’s suffering in a way that would have made her feel compassion for him.

Indian Camp/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-09T02:20:41Z

Zoria1: I added my cite journal

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-09-08T00:49:26Z

Zoria1: Spaced the theme and metaphor

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-09-08T00:47:15Z

Zoria1: I added theme

Indian Camp

2021-09-08T00:39:48Z

Zoria1: /* Major Themes */ I added citation

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
"Indian Camp" is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “ that he would never die”.{{sfn|Sipora|2002|p=31}}

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.{{sfn|Tyler, Lisa|2006|p=38}}

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

{{cite book
|last=Sipiora
|first=Phillip
|author-link=
|date=2002
|title= "Indian Camp".Reading and Writing about Literature
|location= New jersey: Upper saddle river
|page= 31
}}

== Citations ==

Indian Camp

2021-09-08T00:36:13Z

Zoria1: /* Citations */ I erase the citation

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
"Indian Camp" is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “ that he would never die”.{{sfn|Sipora|2002|p=31}}

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

{{cite book
|last=Sipiora
|first=Phillip
|author-link=
|date=2002
|title= "Indian Camp".Reading and Writing about Literature
|location= New jersey: Upper saddle river
|page= 31
}}

== Citations ==

Indian Camp

2021-09-08T00:34:22Z

Zoria1: /* Citations */ I added a hyperlink

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
"Indian Camp" is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “ that he would never die”.{{sfn|Sipora|2002|p=31}}

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

{{cite book
|last=Sipiora
|first=Phillip
|author-link=
|date=2002
|title= "Indian Camp".Reading and Writing about Literature
|location= New jersey: Upper saddle river
|page= 31
}}

== Citations ==
[https://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=de62bba3-e764-4c12-82da-34bc2c08ed1e%40sessionmgr40 Tyler, Lisa 2006 p.38]

Indian Camp

2021-09-08T00:22:13Z

Zoria1: /* Major Themes */ I added a theme which is suffering.

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
"Indian Camp" is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “ that he would never die”.{{sfn|Sipora|2002|p=31}}

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

The story gives Nick two options for reacting to ladies' torment-and the experience in this story is suffering. The primary option is to relate to the lady, as the Indian's better half decides to do. He feels for her so that he can presently don't bear her aggravation and closures his life.' Hemingway makes it her experiencing that inconveniences the man.

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

{{cite book
|last=Sipiora
|first=Phillip
|author-link=
|date=2002
|title= "Indian Camp".Reading and Writing about Literature
|location= New jersey: Upper saddle river
|page= 31
}}

== Citations ==

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-09-07T22:55:45Z

Zoria1: I added my metaphor project 1

User:Zoria1

2021-09-07T04:01:55Z

Zoria1: I changed my project analyze

Hi! My name is Zoria Wyche, I'm currently eighteen years old. I lived in Georgia my entire life and I am majoring in Business Administration. I've played many sports such as basketball, soccer, cheerleading, and track which I enjoyed. I also enjoy meeting new people and traveling as well.
[[Category:Fall 2021]]

Project 1

I will write about metaphor issues on "Indian Camp".

Indian Camp

2021-09-07T04:00:21Z

Zoria1: /* Metaphors */ I added the project 1

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Fiction
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

The story starts by covering Nick and different characters in the corner of the night as they plan for their excursion. For Nick, this excursion is into the obscure, at last, to observe birth and death. The story builds up the comparability between birth and passing by portraying both as vicious. The lady in the story is in pain because her child is brought into the world in a breech position, and for quite a long time she has been suffering. While her shouts are agonizing, Nick's dad recommends that this aggravation is a characteristic piece of the birthing process. Besides, since she can't convey the child normally, Nick's dad works on her without the sedative. When she delivers the child, Nick's dad keeps an eye on the man in the top bunk, he tracks down a horrifying scene, the man had cut his throat. It appears to be while watching the woman giving birth made him kill himself, the birth and death is a metaphor.(28-31)(34)

== Plot Summary ==
"Indian Camp" is a narrative about a child named Nick going on a journey to experience the aspects of life and death. Nick’s father has been requested to help an Indian lady who has been in painful labor for two days. His father takes his son, Nick, and his brother, George, to witness the birth of a child. The woman in labor is located on an island. She’s sheltered in a shanty, laying on a wooden bunk bed. The father delivers the baby in a horrendous way, causing suffering to the lady throughout the process. Afterward, the father discovers that the woman's husband committed suicide by slitting his throat. Nick witnesses the whole situation. During the journey back home, Nick asks his father questions about the incidents, and His father explains to him what happened. After the conversation, Nick begins to have the sensibility of bravery and immortality. He feels, “ that he would never die”.{{sfn|Sipora|2002|p=31}}

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

{{cite book
|last=Sipiora
|first=Phillip
|author-link=
|date=2002
|title= "Indian Camp".Reading and Writing about Literature
|location= New jersey: Upper saddle river
|page= 31
}}

== Citations ==

Indian Camp

2021-09-02T03:16:31Z

Zoria1: I added the genre

Indian Camp

2021-09-01T14:47:16Z

Zoria1: i added work cited

User:Zoria1/sandbox

2021-09-01T14:44:10Z

Zoria1: I added another journal

Araby

2021-08-30T18:59:24Z

Zoria1: /* Major themes */ Deleted character information and added a theme.

{{Infobox short story
| name = Araby
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Joyce|James Joyce]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = Ireland
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''[[w:Dubliners|Dubliners]]''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1914
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''''“Dubliners”''''' is a short story by James Joyce that appeared in the collection ''Dubliners'' published in 1914.


==Plot==
~Brief summary of the plot~

==Characters==
'''<big>The Narrator - Young Boy</big>'''

He's a young boy who lives with his aunt and uncle. He develops a crush on Mangan's sister and begins to lose interest on everything around him and his main goal is to be with her.

'''<big>Narrator's Uncle</big>'''

The narrator and his friends seem to fear him by hiding in the shadows until he was safely housed. He owes money to Mrs. Mercer the pawnbrokers wife. The text implies that he may have a drinking problem when he comes home late drunk, trying to avoid giving the narrator money for the Araby market.

'''<big>Narrator's Aunt</big>'''

The narrator's aunt is like a mother figure to him. She appears to be a devout Catholic who is concerned that the Araby bazaar is a Freemason gathering. She uses religious terminology to warn the narrator that he might not be able to make it to the market on "this night of our Lord." She talked his uncle into giving him money for keeping him up so late.

'''<big>Mangan</big>'''

The narrator’s friend from the Christian Brothers' School. He lives across the street from the narrator and often plays in the street with him and the other boys before dinner.

'''<big>Mangan's Sister</big>'''

The older sister of the narrator's friend, Mangan. The narrator is madly in love with her. When she comes outside to call her brother in for tea, she routinely interrupts the boys playing in the street. She is a member of a convent and is interested in the Araby bazaar, which piques the narrator's interest in it. There is no evidence that she is aware of the narrator's crush on her.

'''<big>The Priest</big>'''

The former tenant of the narrator’s house, who died in the back drawing room. He is mentioned because some of his belongings, including three books that the narrator is interested in, are still at the house. The priest primarily serves as a moral reference point – all of these objects imply that the priest had a life outside of the church, that he rode a bicycle and read crime and romance novels.

'''<big>Mrs. Mercer</big>'''

On the night of the Araby market, the pawnbroker's widow waits for the narrator's uncle to return home and ask for the money he owes her. She's described as a "old, garrulous woman" who collects used postage stamps to sell to collectors for profit, usually for religious purposes.

'''<big>Female Shopkeeper</big>'''

As the narrator approaches her stall at the Araby bazaar, a young woman is flirting with two men. The narrator notices that she and the men with whom she converses all have English accents. The woman approaches the narrator and asks if he plans to buy anything, but he observes that she does not sound “encouraging” and appears to speak to him solely for the purpose of her job. And her flirting with the Englishmen appears to have made him realize the foolishness and vanity of his own attempt to impress Mangan's sister with a gift.

==Major themes==
<nowiki>One theme of the story is love, he has a crush on Mangan's sister and "her image accompanied me even in places that most hostile to romance"{{August 2021|reason=</nowiki>''page 39''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>

==Development history==
~history of the novel's development, if available
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

===Publication history===
~*year, country, publisher ISBN 1234567890, Pub date DD Month Year, binding~




===Explanation of the Story's Title===
~Explain the novel's title if it's not immediately obvious
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

==Literary significance and reception==
~description of the work's initial reception and legacy based on the work of literary critics and commentators over
the years, give citations; if no literary significance should just be called reception~

==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==
~references to major film, TV, theatrical, radio, etc. adaptations, if applicable~

==References==
~references to sources etc~
~include quotes or links to [http://www.wikiquote.org/ Wikiquote] here~

==External links==



[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Short Stories]]

Araby

2021-08-30T18:34:41Z

Zoria1: /* Characters */ I added what school Nick attends.

{{Infobox short story
| name = Araby
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Joyce|James Joyce]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = Ireland
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''[[w:Dubliners|Dubliners]]''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1914
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''''“Dubliners”''''' is a short story by James Joyce that appeared in the collection ''Dubliners'' published in 1914.


==Plot==
~Brief summary of the plot~

==Characters==
'''<big>The Narrator - Young Boy</big>'''

He's a young boy who lives with his aunt and uncle. He develops a crush on Mangan's sister and begins to lose interest on everything around him and his main goal is to be with her. He attends a Catholic school.

'''<big>Narrator's Uncle</big>'''

The narrator and his friends seem to fear him by hiding in the shadows until he was safely housed. He owes money to Mrs. Mercer the pawnbrokers wife. The text implies that he may have a drinking problem when he comes home late drunk, trying to avoid giving the narrator money for the Araby market.

'''<big>Narrator's Aunt</big>'''

The narrator's aunt is like a mother figure to him. She appears to be a devout Catholic who is concerned that the Araby bazaar is a Freemason gathering. She uses religious terminology to warn the narrator that he might not be able to make it to the market on "this night of our Lord." She talked his uncle into giving him money for keeping him up so late.

'''<big>Mangan</big>'''

The narrator’s friend from the Christian Brothers' School. He lives across the street from the narrator and often plays in the street with him and the other boys before dinner.

'''<big>Mangan's Sister</big>'''

The older sister of the narrator's friend, Mangan. The narrator is madly in love with her. When she comes outside to call her brother in for tea, she routinely interrupts the boys playing in the street. She is a member of a convent and is interested in the Araby bazaar, which piques the narrator's interest in it. There is no evidence that she is aware of the narrator's crush on her.

'''<big>The Priest</big>'''

The former tenant of the narrator’s house, who died in the back drawing room. He is mentioned because some of his belongings, including three books that the narrator is interested in, are still at the house. The priest primarily serves as a moral reference point – all of these objects imply that the priest had a life outside of the church, that he rode a bicycle and read crime and romance novels.

'''<big>Mrs. Mercer</big>'''

On the night of the Araby market, the pawnbroker's widow waits for the narrator's uncle to return home and ask for the money he owes her. She's described as a "old, garrulous woman" who collects used postage stamps to sell to collectors for profit, usually for religious purposes.

'''<big>Female Shopkeeper</big>'''

As the narrator approaches her stall at the Araby bazaar, a young woman is flirting with two men. The narrator notices that she and the men with whom she converses all have English accents. The woman approaches the narrator and asks if he plans to buy anything, but he observes that she does not sound “encouraging” and appears to speak to him solely for the purpose of her job. And her flirting with the Englishmen appears to have made him realize the foolishness and vanity of his own attempt to impress Mangan's sister with a gift.

==Major themes==
~thematic description, using the work of literary critics (i.e. scholars)~

==Development history==
~history of the novel's development, if available
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

===Publication history===
~*year, country, publisher ISBN 1234567890, Pub date DD Month Year, binding~




===Explanation of the Story's Title===
~Explain the novel's title if it's not immediately obvious
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

==Literary significance and reception==
~description of the work's initial reception and legacy based on the work of literary critics and commentators over
the years, give citations; if no literary significance should just be called reception~

==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==
~references to major film, TV, theatrical, radio, etc. adaptations, if applicable~

==References==
~references to sources etc~
~include quotes or links to [http://www.wikiquote.org/ Wikiquote] here~

==External links==



[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Short Stories]]