LitWiki - User contributions [en]

Irony

2006-02-23T15:53:37Z

Wscott:

A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today, and that postmodernism is an ironic general theory. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature. We have associated irony easily with humour, but we have recognise. Irony can be bitter and even tragic. It corrodes and undermines pretensions, unmask appearances, and deconstructs

===Verbal Irony===
Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).

===Dramatic Irony===
The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell 615).
===Situation Irony===
An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).

== Works Cited ==

*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. ''The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook.'' 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." [http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006.

*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005.

*PMLA publications of the Modern Language Association of America; Jan 2006, Vol. 121, Iss 1; pg 214

[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]

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[[Literary Terms]]

[[Category:Literary Terms]]

Irony

2006-02-23T15:40:53Z

Wscott:

A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today, and that postmodernism is an ironic general theory. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature. We have associated irony easily with humour, but we have recognise. Irony can be bitter and even tragic. It corrodes and undermines pretensions, unmask appearances, and deconstructs

===Verbal Irony===
Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).

===Dramatic Irony===
The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell 615).
===Situation Irony===
An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).

== Works Cited ==

*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. ''The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook.'' 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." [http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006.

*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005.

== External Links ==

[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]

----
[[Literary Terms]]

[[Category:Literary Terms]]

Irony

2006-02-23T15:40:37Z

Wscott:

A mode of expression, through words or events, conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. Writers may say the opposite of what they mean, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. Irony is the most common and most efficient technique of the satirist, because it is an instrument of truth, provides wit and humor, and is usually a least obliquely crtical, in that it deflates, scorns, or attacks (Harris).

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today, and that postmodernism is an ironic general theory. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature. We have associated irony easily with humour, but we have recognise. Irony can be bitter and even tragic. It corrodes and undermines pretensions, unmaskd appearances, and deconstructs

===Verbal Irony===
Is often tongue-in-cheek, involves a discrepancy between the literal words and what is actually meant ( "Here's some news that will make you sad. You received the highest grade in the course"). If the ironic comment is designed to be hurtful or insulting, it qualifies as sarcasm (Congratulations! You failed the final exam") (Nadell 615).

===Dramatic Irony===
The discrepancy is between what the speaker says and what the author means or what the author knows. The wider the gap between the speaker's words and what can be inferred about the author's attitudes and values, the more ironic the point of view. An example where the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a character's words would be when King Oedipus, who has unknowingly killed his father, says that he will banish his father's killer when he finds him (Nadell 615).
===Situation Irony===
An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone else's pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in the appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn't expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny (Harris).

== Works Cited ==

*Nadell, Judith., Linda McMeniman, and John Langan. ''The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook.'' 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

*Harris, Robert. "Evaluating Internet Research Sources." [http://www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm Virtualsalt]. 17 Nov. 1997, 14 Feb. 2006.

*Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix G: Elements of Fiction." ''PAL: Prespectives in American Literature-A reseach and Reference Guide''. June 22, 2005.

== External Links ==

[http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axg.html PAL: Appendix G]

----
[[Literary Terms]]

[[Category:Literary Terms]]

Literary Terms

2006-02-23T14:40:29Z

Wscott: /* Melodrama to Myth */

Every discipline has its own technical vocabulary; the study of literature is no different. In order to discuss fiction in an intelligent and competent manner, a familiarity (or literacy) with this vocabulary is crucial. Define each of the following words calling from various sources — reference books, lectures, your own reading — making clear your own understanding of the vocabulary. Feel free to define or add your own terms.

== Allegory to Bathos ==

* [[allegory]]
* [[alliteration]]
* [[allusion]]
* [[anagnorisis]]
* [[antagonist]]
* [[anti-hero]]
* [[archetype]]
* [[atmosphere]]
* [[bathos]]

== Canon to Convention ==

* [[canon]]
* [[catharsis]]
* [[character]]
* [[climax]]
* [[colloquialism]]
* [[comedy]]
* [[conflict]]
* [[convention]]

== Deconstruction to Diatribe ==

* [[deconstruction]]
* [[dénouement]]
* [[description]]
* [[deus ex machina]]
* [[diatribe]]

== Epic Poetry to Exposition ==

* [[Epic Poetry | epic poetry]]
* [[epigraph]]
* [[epiphany]]
* [[ethos]]
* [[exegesis]]
* [[exposition]]

== Flashback to Freytag’s Formula ==

* [[flashback]]
* [[foil]]
* [[foreshadowing]]
* [[Freytag’s Formula]]

== Genre to Lyric ==

* [[genre]]
* [[hamartia]]
* [[hero]]
* [[heroic ideal]]
* [[hubris]]
* [[hypertext]]
* [[imagery]]
* [[inciting action]]
* [[in medias res]]
* [[irony]]
* [[literary criticism]]
* [[literary theory]]
* [[logos]]
* [[lyric]]

'''Irony'''

Irony is the expectation of one event and another, a completely different event that happens and still makes sense. There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic. Verbal irony is when someone says one thing but means the opposite and everyone understands that that person means the opposite of what he/she are saying. Situational irony is the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens but it still makes sinse. Dramatic irony is an audience who knows something that someone else doesn't know.

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature.

'''Work Cited'''
[www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number4/witkin.htm]
[www.masconomet.org/teachers/trevenen/litterms.htm]
[andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Terms/irony.html]

== Narration to Oration ==

* [[narration]]
* [[narrative]]
* [[narrator]]
* [[novel]]
* [[novella]]
* [[onomatopoeia]]
* [[oration]]

== Pace to Protagonist ==

* [[pace]]
* [[paradox]]
* [[parody]]
* [[pathos]]
* [[peripeteia]]
* [[personification]]
* [[plot]]
* [[poiesis]]
* [[point of view]]
* [[praxis]]
* [[prose]]
* [[protagonist]]

== Reader Response to Rising Action ==

* [[resolution]]
* [[reversal]]
* [[rhetoric]]
* [[rhyme]]
* [[rising action]]

== Satire to Syntax ==

* [[satire]]
* [[science fiction]]
* [[semantics]]
* [[setting]]
* [[short story]]
* [[simile]]
* [[stream of consciousness]]
* [[style]]
* [[subplot]]
* [[surrealism]]
* [[symbol]]
* [[syntax]]

==Text to Zeugma ==

* [[text]]
* [[theme]]
* [[theoria]]
* [[tone]]
* [[tragedy]]
* [[trope]]
* [[verisimilitude]]
* [[zeugma]]

== External Links ==

* [http://web.cocc.edu/lisal/literaryterms/elements_of_literature.htm Elements of Literature] — Lisa R. Lazarescu begins by defining literature, then discusses various key aspects of the study.
* [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072405228/student_view0/drama_glossary.html Glossary of Literary Terms] — Cursory definitions to get you on the right track from McGraw Hill’s Online Learning Center.
* [http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/literature/bedlit/glossary_a.htm Glossary of Literary Terms] — from Bedford / St. Martin’s press.
* [http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/rhetoric.html A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples] — by Ross Scaife at the University of Kentucky.
* [http://www.northern.edu/benkertl/dictionary.html Literary Dictionary] — covering poetry, drama, short fiction, the novel, and literary criticism, by the students of Lysbeth Em Benkert-Rasmussen.
* [http://www.tnellen.com/cybereng/lit_terms/terms/1terms.html Literary Terms] — A comprehensive list by the students of Ted Nellen.
* [http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/lit_term.html Literary Terms] — Lilia Melani covers many of the basics in detail.
* [http://www.virtualsalt.com/rhetoric.htm Virtual Salt] — A handbook of rhetorical devices by Robert A. Harris.
* [http://web.ubc.ca/okanagan/critical/links.html Words of Art] — A list of terms for the study of art by Robert J. Belton at Okanagan University College.

== Credits ==

* See the LitWiki [[LitWiki:Community_Portal | Community Portal]]

[[Category:Literature]][[Category:Literary Terms]]

User talk:Wscott

2006-02-15T00:42:57Z

Wscott:

'''Irony'''

Irony is the expectation of one event and another, a completely different event that happens and still makes sense.
There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Verbal irony is when someone says one thing but means the opposite and everyone understands that that person means the opposite of what he/she are saying.
Situational irony is the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens but it still makes sinse.
Dramatic irony is an audience who knows something that someone else doesn't know.

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature.

'''Work Cited'''
[www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number4/witkin.htm]
[www.masconomet.org/teachers/trevenen/litterms.htm]
[andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Terms/irony.html]

User talk:Wscott

2006-02-14T15:17:30Z

Wscott:

'''Irony'''

Irony is the expectation of one event and another, a completely different event that happens and still makes sense.
There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Verbal irony is when someone says one thing but means the opposite and everyone understands that that person means the opposite of what he/she are saying.
Situational irony is the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens but it still makes sinse.
Dramatic irony is an audience who knows something that someone else doesn't know.

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature.

'''Work Sited'''
[www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number4/witkin.htm]
[www.masconomet.org/teachers/trevenen/litterms.htm]
[andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Terms/irony.html]

User talk:Wscott

2006-02-14T15:10:37Z

Wscott:

'''Irony'''

Irony is the expectation of one event and another, a completely different event that happens and still makes sense.
There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Verbal irony is when someone says one thing but means the opposite and everyone understands that that person means the opposite of what he/she are saying.
Situational irony is the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens but it still makes sinse.
Dramatic irony is an audience who knows something that someone else doesn't know.

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature.

'''Work Sited'''
[[www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number4/witkin.htm]]
[[www.masconomet.org/teachers/trevenen/litterms.htm]]
[[andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Terms/irony.html]]

User talk:Wscott

2006-02-14T15:09:35Z

Wscott:

Irony is the expectation of one event and another, a completely different event that happens and still makes sense.
There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Verbal irony is when someone says one thing but means the opposite and everyone understands that that person means the opposite of what he/she are saying.
Situational irony is the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens but it still makes sinse.
Dramatic irony is an audience who knows something that someone else doesn't know.

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern. Charles Lemert refers to irony as discursive form of post modern social therory. He claims that irony is the only and necessary attitude for theroy today. But, other writers have noted the cancerous growth in the use of irony in art and literature.

'''Work Sited'''
[[www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number4/witkin.htm]]
[[www.masconomet.org/teachers/trevenen/litterms.htm]]
[[andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Terms/irony.html]]

User talk:Wscott

2006-02-14T14:25:36Z

Wscott:

Irony is the expectation of one event and another, a completely different event that happens and still makes sense.
There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Verbal irony is when someone says one thing but means the opposite and everyone understands that that person means the opposite of what he/she are saying.
Situational irony is the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens but it still makes sinse.
Dramatic irony is an audience who knows something that someone else doesn't know.

The importance of irony in modern art and literature and, more latterly in the intelectural sciences and in culture generally, can hardly be overestimated. For some writers the cultivation of irony is the most essential qualification for any thought, any art or literature or social or political therory to be truly modern.

'''Work Sited'''
[www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number4/witkin.htm]
[www.askjeeves.com/different types of irony]
[www.goggle.com/irnoy]

User talk:Wscott

2006-02-14T14:22:07Z

Wscott: