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What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-25T07:19:08Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. With intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.

Sentence structure and formation are key elements of the English language, certain rules exist that when applied correctly give the writer a powerful tool of communication. <ref name="Evelyn"> ''Rothstein, Evelyn, and Andrew Rothstein. English Grammar Instruction That Works! : Developing Language Skills For All Learners''. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014 </ref>

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include but are not limited to :
* '''In addition to'''

* '''Plus'''

* '''As well as'''

* '''Together with'''

The author '''Jarvie Gordon,''' describes common grammatical errors of English language sentence formation in the work ''Bloomsbury Grammar Guide'', by providing examples of common subject/verb agreement sentences and how the reader can recognize the number of the subject and verb when an intervening expression or phrase is introduced into the sentence. <ref name="Jarvie"> ''Jarvie, Gordon. Bloomsbury Grammar Guide''. London: A. & C. Black, 2007. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014.</ref>

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-25T07:17:16Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. With intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.

Sentence structure and formation are key elements of the English language, certain rules exist that when applied correctly give the writer a powerful tool of communication. <ref name="Evelyn"> ''Rothstein, Evelyn, and Andrew Rothstein. English Grammar Instruction That Works! : Developing Language Skills For All Learners''. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014 </ref>

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include but are not limited to :
* '''In addition to'''

* '''Plus'''

* '''As well as'''

* '''Together with'''

The author '''Jarvie Gordon,''' describes common grammatical errors of English language sentence formation in the work ''Bloomsbury Grammar Guide'', which provides examples of common subject/verb agreement sentences and how the reader can recognize the number of the subject and verb when an intervening expression or phrase is introduced into the sentence. <ref name="Jarvie"> ''Jarvie, Gordon. Bloomsbury Grammar Guide''. London: A. & C. Black, 2007. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014.</ref>

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-25T07:15:07Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. With intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.

Sentence structure and formation are key elements of the English language, certain rules exist that when applied correctly give the writer a powerful tool of communication. <ref name="Evelyn"> ''Rothstein, Evelyn, and Andrew Rothstein. English Grammar Instruction That Works! : Developing Language Skills For All Learners''. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014 </ref>

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include but are not limited to :
* '''In addition to'''

* '''Plus'''

* '''As well as'''

* '''Together with'''

The author '''Jarvie Gordon,''' succinctly describes common grammatical errors of English language sentence formation in the work ''Bloomsbury Grammar Guide'', which provides examples of common subject/verb agreement sentences and how the reader can recognize the number of the subject and verb when an intervening expression or phrase is introduced into the sentence. <ref name="Jarvie"> ''Jarvie, Gordon. Bloomsbury Grammar Guide''. London: A. & C. Black, 2007. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014.</ref>

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-25T06:40:31Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. With intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.

Sentence structure and formation are key elements of the English language, certain rules exist that when applied correctly give the writer a powerful tool of communication. <ref name="Evelyn"> ''Rothstein, Evelyn, and Andrew Rothstein. English Grammar Instruction That Works! : Developing Language Skills For All Learners''. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 25 Apr. 2014 </ref>

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-25T01:14:02Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. With intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-25T00:24:59Z

Taharka32: /* References */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T23:34:43Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forget "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T23:33:06Z

Taharka32: /* references */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forgot "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
<references/>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T23:30:04Z

Taharka32: /* references */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forgot "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==
</references>

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T23:29:01Z

Taharka32: /* Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forgot "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==references==

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T23:21:01Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forgot "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine"> ''Sinclair, Christine. Grammar : A Friendly Approach''. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Apr. 2014</ref>

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T23:17:17Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase. When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending still must appear on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

In her work ''Grammar: A friendly Approach'', author '''Christine Sinclair''', reminds the reader of the dangers of intervening expressions and phrases, and how they can make the reader forgot "who" or "what" the sentence is about. <ref name="christine">

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

When intervening words ending in "s", such as sometimes and always, the "s" ending must be present on a present tense verb if the subject is singular.

'''Example:''' Her driver always makes wrong turns.

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T06:37:24Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

*'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

*'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

*'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

*'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

Other Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T06:35:02Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

*'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

*'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

*'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

*'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

Common expressions that sometimes appear to change the number of the subject and verb include: ''in addition to'', ''accompanied by, ''as well as, ''plus'', and ''together with''.[http://dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com/school/webpage/documents/G52aPC99cfTGA9dfPD/307078-420292/downloadFile.aspx]

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

What is “subject/verb agreement”?

2014-04-24T05:55:54Z

Taharka32: /* Intervening Expressions */

Making sure that the subject and verb agree in a sentence is important. When they agree correctly they will make the essay or report easier to read and understand. There are a few techniques that will need to be taken to ensure the subject and verb are in agreement.The verb in every independent or dependent clause must agree with its subject in person or number.

'''The two numbers are:'''
*'''singular'''- indicating one person or thing
*'''plural'''- indicating more than one person or thing

For the subject and verb to agree in singular or plural subjects, they must have a singular or plural verb <ref>Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell., ''The Concise Wadsworth Handbook''. Instructor's Ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005, p.240. [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Wadsworth-Handbook-Laurie-Kirszner/dp/142829192X]</ref>. The subject takes the base form of the verb in all but the third person singular to make the subject and verb agree in person. The subject and verb must comply in number. In third person singular add an ''s'' or ''es'' to the base form of the verb to make both the subject and verb agree.

'''Example:''' The dog jumps the fence.
*The subject is: '''dog'''
*The verb is: '''jumps'''

'''Example:''' The dogs jump the fence.
*The subject is: '''dogs'''
*The verb is: '''jump'''

==Compound Subjects==

Eugenia Butler states in her book ''Correct Writing'', "Compound subjects joined by "and" normally require a plural verb" <ref>Butler, Eugenia, et al., ''Correct Writing''. 6th Ed. Lexington: D.C. Hath and Company, 1995, p.143-145. [http://www.amazon.com/Correct-Writing-Eugenia-Butler/dp/0669340731]</ref>. The only instance when this is not applicable and the subjects are considered singular is when the subjects refer to the same individual or object.

'''Remember:''' "Nouns joined by '''"and"''' are thought of as a unit or actually refer to the same person or thing, the verb is normally singular".

*'''Example:''' My friend Jenn and colleague Sarah are going on vacation.

*'''Example:''' The restaurant owner and head chef is coming to the party. (referring to the same person, '''singular''')

When compound subjects joined by '''“or”''' or '''“nor”''', the verb follows the nearest subject.

*'''Example:''' My brother or sister is throwing me a party. (nearest subject, sister, is '''singular''')

*'''Example:''' Neither my boss or co-workers are feeling well today. (nearest subject, co-workers, is '''plural''')

==Verb Preceding the Subject==

Verbs sometimes come before the subject. This change in order can lead to error in agreement. It is sometimes difficult to remember when the verb comes before the subject.
Below you will find some guidelines and examples to help you.

In normal everyday English, verbs precede the subject.

'''To make questions''' "Does he?" "Can you?"

'''After 'so' 'neither', 'nor'''' "So do I", "Neither do I", "Nor do I"

In written English, as well as in a very formal style, the verb precedes the subject is in the following cases:

'''After negative adverbial expressions'''

*Under no circumstances ''can we'' accept cheques.

*In no way ''can he'' be held responsible.

*At no time ''did she say'''' she would come.

'''After adverbial expressions of place''' :

*Round the corner came the postman.

*On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

'''After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', in comparisons''' :

*''Seldom'' have I seen such a beautiful view.

*''Rarely'' did he pay anyone a compliment.

*''Never'' had I felt so happy.

'''After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another.''' :

*''Hardly had I begun'' to speak when I was interrupted.

*''Scarcely had we started our meal'' our meal when the phone rang.

*''No sooner had I arrived'' than they all started to argue.

'''After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only'''' :

*''Only'' after the meeting ''did I realize'' the importance of the subject.

'''After exclamations with 'here' and 'there'''' :

*''Here comes'' the winner!

*''There goes'' all our money!

==Intervening Expressions==

An intervening expression is an expression that describes the subject and should not affect the verb. These expressions are often mistaken for being the subject of the sentence. Verbs are sometimes separated by words that describe the subject. This can make it difficult to make sure that the subject and verb agree. The key is to make sure that the verb agrees with the subject and not with the word in the modifying phrase.

'''Example:''' The evidence that they submitted to the judge was convincing.
*The subject is: '''evidence'''

*The verb is: '''was'''

The singularity of a subject is not changed by the introduction of phrases or clauses that appear to change the number of the subject.[http://www.bukisa.com/articles/89756_recognize-intervening-phrases-and-clauses]

'''Example:''' Exercise, along with proper rest, is vitally important.
*The subject is: '''exercise'''

*The Verb is: '''is'''

==Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns==
Some pronouns are definite in the fact that they can replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. So what do we do for a pronoun when we find ourselves in this predicament? We will use indefinite pronouns. "Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific persons or things" <ref>Hacker, Diana. ''A Writer's Reference''. New York, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=g489u9j0XAMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hacker,+Diana.+A+Writer%E2%80%99s+Reference&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_1GU4yDO6vnsASEoIHQDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hacker%2C%20Diana.%20A%20Writer%E2%80%99s%20Reference&f=false]</ref>.Some of these indefinite pronouns are always singular or always plural. But some can change their number—they can be either singular or plural, depending on the context.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
''anything'',''somebody'', ''no one'', and ''something''. An example sentence using the first category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Somebody is at the door

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are: ''both'', ''all'', ''few'', and ''either''. An example sentence using the second category of indefinite pronouns is:

*Both do well at taking tests.

==External Links==

*[http://www.dianahacker.com/writersref Diana Hacker's Companion Site].
*[http://college.cengage.com/english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/subject3.htm Subject Verb Agreement: Intervening Words].
*[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Purdue University Online Writing Lab].
*[http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sv_agr.htm Guide to Grammar and Writing: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleSVAGR.htm Self Teaching Unit: Subject Verb Agreement].
*[https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/rosado-grammar-expert-site/subject-verb-agreement-1--indefinite-pronouns Rosado Grammar Expert Site].

==References==
<references/>

Hubris

2014-04-19T00:59:16Z

Taharka32: made additions to the existing text and provided additional references

Excessive pride. A concept introduced in Greece, '''Holman''' and '''Harmon''' state that it is the "overweening pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the [[protagonist]] of a [[tragedy]]" (250). Humans who suffer from ''hubris'', or ''hybris'', often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. '''Roger Fowler''' defines ''hubris'' as "a man's denial of his own mortality" (198). Indeed it seems that the only way for a person to obtain such pride is to lose all sense of fear for his own wellbeing. After all, if a person has no fear at all, then he may have a perfect pride in himself, and in some ways, may even believe that he is perfect. '''Baldick''' asserts that "''hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolence' or 'affront'," often times making it "the pride that comes before the fall" (260). Even though an overpowering sense of pride is healthy for one's self esteem, others might consider such pride insolence, or a negative trait.

==Ancient Greece==

The error of judgment "through which the fortunes of the [[hero]] of a [[tragedy]] are reversed" (Holman 217). "Aristotle attributes [[hamartia]] (a tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic [[hero]]" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). This "tragic [[hero]] ought to be a man whose misfortune comes to him, not through vice or depravity, but by some error" (Cudden 301). Most tragedies end in the downfall of the [[hero]] due to his ''hubris''. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, a man who is overly confident or ambitious offends the gods. Therefore, they torture him with unfortunate events that eventually lead to his demise.''' Rainer Friedrich,''' in his article ''The Hybris Of Odysseus'', provides a [[narrative]] of ''hybris'' in the ancient Greek sense, using the tragic [[hero]] Odysseus as the model. Rainer insists that the "epic character" Odysseus exhibits hubris against [[Zeus]] when he suspects the God disapproves of his sacrifice.<ref name="Rainer"> ''Friedrich, Rainer. "The Hybris Of Odysseus." Journal Of Hellenic Studies''pg. 111.(1991): 16. Publisher Provided Full Text Searching File. Web. 16 Apr. 2014 </ref> Moreover, ''hubris'' in its truest definition was an indictment against an individual and considered a violent act committed against another for the sole purpose of shaming them. <ref name="Hubris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'', Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref> '''Loukas Papadimitropopous''', argues in his work ''Xerxes' hubris and Darius in Aeschylus' Persae'', that Xerxes suffers the wrath of the Gods for his hubris in seeking not only victory over the entire Greek armies, but complete annihilation and thus a shameful defeat.<ref name="Loukas"> ''Papadimitropoulos L. "Xerxes' hubris and Darius in Aeschylus' Persae"''. Mnemosyne [serial on the Internet]. (2008, July), [cited April 18, 2014]; 61(3): 451-458. Available from: Academic Search Complete.</ref>

==In The Bible==

The Bible is replete with moral lessons and [[allegory]] that warn against mans over indulgence in himself and the importance of good moral character and humility. Even some of the "chosen" favored of God, i.e., Moses, Solomon and David, were not immune from having at one time or another, engaged in behaviors frowned upon by God and thus put through trials,tribulations, and punishments comparable to characters in a Greek [[tragedy]]. The story of the '''Tower of Babel''' is a perfect example of the fallible human being, so wont to exalt himself to the level of omnipotent deity, only to be punished by God and made to atone for his hubris. <ref name="Marlowe, W. Creighton"> ''"The Sin Of Shinar (Genesis 11:4)." European Journal Of Theology'' 20.1 (2011): 29-39. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Apr. 2014</ref>

==In More Modern Times==

According to Holman, ''hubris'' is what "leads the [[protagonist]] to break a moral law or ignore a divine warning with calamitous results" (226). For example, in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth takes matters into his own hands after the first of the witches' three prophecies comes true. With the strong urging of his wife, he breaks a moral law when he decides to murder King Duncan in his quest to attain the crown. Little does he know, he is starting the chain of events, revealing his transition from good to evil, that ultimately leads to his downfall. In the case of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, the man, believed to be a chechaquo, ignores the advice of others, including the "old-timer at Sulfur Creek," and relies on himself to reach a Yukon camp following a less-traveled path in temperatures significantly below freezing. At the story's end, the man dies as a result of his ignorance and his ''hubris''.

'''Napoleon''',is often cited as a perfect example of how power and over confidence can cloud judgement as his ill fated attempted Russian conquest of 1812 suffered him not only a humiliating defeat, but cost him his empire and entire army as well.<ref name="Kroll"> ''Kroll, Mark J., Leslie A. Toombs, and Peter Wright. "Napoleon's Tragic March Home From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris." Academy Of Management Executive'' 14.1 (2000): 117-128. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Apr. 2014</ref> In his work '' Napoleon's Tragic March From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris'', '''Mark J. Kroll''' draws on the example of Napoleon and correlates his Imperial hubris with business executives that make unwise, risky, decisions fueled by hubris which eventually lead to their own corporate demise along with the company.<ref name="Kroll" />.

==references==
<references/>

==Works Cited==
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Cuddon, J. A. ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Revised ed. Penguin Books, 1979.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
*Holman, C. Hugh. ''A Handbook to Literature''. Ed. Addison Hibbard and William F. Thrall. Revised ed. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1960.

==External Reading==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris definition of hubris
*http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hubris definition of hubris

Hubris

2014-04-19T00:57:25Z

Taharka32: made additions to the text and provided additional sources.

"Hubris" Excessive pride. A concept introduced in Greece, '''Holman''' and '''Harmon''' state that it is the "overweening pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the [[protagonist]] of a [[tragedy]]" (250). Humans who suffer from ''hubris'', or ''hybris'', often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. '''Roger Fowler''' defines ''hubris'' as "a man's denial of his own mortality" (198). Indeed it seems that the only way for a person to obtain such pride is to lose all sense of fear for his own wellbeing. After all, if a person has no fear at all, then he may have a perfect pride in himself, and in some ways, may even believe that he is perfect. '''Baldick''' asserts that "''hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolence' or 'affront'," often times making it "the pride that comes before the fall" (260). Even though an overpowering sense of pride is healthy for one's self esteem, others might consider such pride insolence, or a negative trait.

==Ancient Greece==

The error of judgment "through which the fortunes of the [[hero]] of a [[tragedy]] are reversed" (Holman 217). "Aristotle attributes [[hamartia]] (a tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic [[hero]]" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). This "tragic [[hero]] ought to be a man whose misfortune comes to him, not through vice or depravity, but by some error" (Cudden 301). Most tragedies end in the downfall of the [[hero]] due to his ''hubris''. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, a man who is overly confident or ambitious offends the gods. Therefore, they torture him with unfortunate events that eventually lead to his demise.''' Rainer Friedrich,''' in his article ''The Hybris Of Odysseus'', provides a [[narrative]] of ''hybris'' in the ancient Greek sense, using the tragic [[hero]] Odysseus as the model. Rainer insists that the "epic character" Odysseus exhibits hubris against [[Zeus]] when he suspects the God disapproves of his sacrifice.<ref name="Rainer"> ''Friedrich, Rainer. "The Hybris Of Odysseus." Journal Of Hellenic Studies''pg. 111.(1991): 16. Publisher Provided Full Text Searching File. Web. 16 Apr. 2014 </ref> Moreover, ''hubris'' in its truest definition was an indictment against an individual and considered a violent act committed against another for the sole purpose of shaming them. <ref name="Hubris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'', Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref> '''Loukas Papadimitropopous''', argues in his work ''Xerxes' hubris and Darius in Aeschylus' Persae'', that Xerxes suffers the wrath of the Gods for his hubris in seeking not only victory over the entire Greek armies, but complete annihilation and thus a shameful defeat.<ref name="Loukas"> ''Papadimitropoulos L. "Xerxes' hubris and Darius in Aeschylus' Persae"''. Mnemosyne [serial on the Internet]. (2008, July), [cited April 18, 2014]; 61(3): 451-458. Available from: Academic Search Complete.</ref>

==In The Bible==

The Bible is replete with moral lessons and [[allegory]] that warn against mans over indulgence in himself and the importance of good moral character and humility. Even some of the "chosen" favored of God, i.e., Moses, Solomon and David, were not immune from having at one time or another, engaged in behaviors frowned upon by God and thus put through trials,tribulations, and punishments comparable to characters in a Greek [[tragedy]]. The story of the '''Tower of Babel''' is a perfect example of the fallible human being, so wont to exalt himself to the level of omnipotent deity, only to be punished by God and made to atone for his hubris. <ref name="Marlowe, W. Creighton"> ''"The Sin Of Shinar (Genesis 11:4)." European Journal Of Theology'' 20.1 (2011): 29-39. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Apr. 2014</ref>

==In More Modern Times==

According to Holman, ''hubris'' is what "leads the [[protagonist]] to break a moral law or ignore a divine warning with calamitous results" (226). For example, in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth takes matters into his own hands after the first of the witches' three prophecies comes true. With the strong urging of his wife, he breaks a moral law when he decides to murder King Duncan in his quest to attain the crown. Little does he know, he is starting the chain of events, revealing his transition from good to evil, that ultimately leads to his downfall. In the case of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, the man, believed to be a chechaquo, ignores the advice of others, including the "old-timer at Sulfur Creek," and relies on himself to reach a Yukon camp following a less-traveled path in temperatures significantly below freezing. At the story's end, the man dies as a result of his ignorance and his ''hubris''.

'''Napoleon''',is often cited as a perfect example of how power and over confidence can cloud judgement as his ill fated attempted Russian conquest of 1812 suffered him not only a humiliating defeat, but cost him his empire and entire army as well.<ref name="Kroll"> ''Kroll, Mark J., Leslie A. Toombs, and Peter Wright. "Napoleon's Tragic March Home From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris." Academy Of Management Executive'' 14.1 (2000): 117-128. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Apr. 2014</ref> In his work '' Napoleon's Tragic March From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris'', '''Mark J. Kroll''' draws on the example of Napoleon and correlates his Imperial hubris with business executives that make unwise, risky, decisions fueled by hubris which eventually lead to their own corporate demise along with the company.<ref name="Kroll" />.

==references==
<references/>

==Works Cited==
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Cuddon, J. A. ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Revised ed. Penguin Books, 1979.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
*Holman, C. Hugh. ''A Handbook to Literature''. Ed. Addison Hibbard and William F. Thrall. Revised ed. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1960.

==External Reading==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris definition of hubris
*http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hubris definition of hubris

Hubris

2014-04-18T15:33:03Z

Taharka32: /* works cited */

'''Hubris''' Exaggerated pride or self confidence.[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris].This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''.<ref name="Hybris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'',Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref> In modern times the word ''hubris'' is often used in a negative sense but that has not always been the case.<ref name="Hubris" />In ancient Greece, especially during the classical period, hubris was an indictment against the accused person and was by definition a violent criminal act against another person with the purpose of shaming them.<ref name="Hubris" />.

Greek [[tragedy]] is replete with examples of moral lessons to be learned from hubris. It must be understood however that the term ''hybris'' of the ancient Greek classical period did not have the same usage and application as our modern term ''hubris''. <ref name="Hubris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'', Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref>''' Rainer Friedrich''' in his article ''The Hybris Of Odysseus'', provides a [[narrative]] of ''hybris'' in the ancient Greek sense, using the tragic [[hero]] Odysseus as the model. Rainer insists that the "epic character" Odysseus exhibits hubris against [[Zeus]] when he suspects the God disapproves of his sacrifice.<ref name="Rainer"> ''Friedrich, Rainer. "The Hybris Of Odysseus." Journal Of Hellenic Studies''pg. 111.(1991): 16. Publisher Provided Full Text Searching File. Web. 16 Apr. 2014 </ref>

==Hubris in more Modern Times==
In more modern times one of the most often cited examples of hubris and its unforgiving consequences has been '''Napoleon''', and his ill fated attempted Russian conquest of 1812 in which he not only suffered a humiliating defeat, but lost his empire and entire army as well.<ref name="Kroll"> ''Kroll, Mark J., Leslie A. Toombs, and Peter Wright. "Napoleon's Tragic March Home From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris." Academy Of Management Executive'' 14.1 (2000): 117-128. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Apr. 2014</ref> In his work '' Napoleon's Tragic March From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris'', '''Mark J. Kroll''' draws on the example of Napoleon and correlates his Imperial hubris with business executives that make unwise, risky, decisions fueled by hubris which eventually lead to their own corporate demise along with the company.<ref name="Kroll" />.
==References==
<references/>

Hubris

2014-04-18T15:32:26Z

Taharka32:

Hubris

2014-04-18T03:05:44Z

Taharka32:

Excessive pride. A concept introduced in Greece, Holman and Harmon state that it is the "overweening pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the [[protagonist]] of a [[tragedy]]."<ref name=Holman">Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. p. 250</ref> Humans who suffer from ''hubris'', or ''hybris'', often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. Roger Fowler defines ''hubris'' as "a man's denial of his own mortality" (198). Indeed it seems that the only way for a person to obtain such pride is to lose all sense of fear for his own wellbeing. After all, if a person has no fear at all, then he may have a perfect pride in himself, and in some ways, may even believe that he is perfect. Baldick asserts that "''hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolence' or 'affront'," often times making it "the pride that comes before the fall" (260). Even though an overpowering sense of pride is healthy for one's self esteem, others might consider such pride insolence, or a negative trait. Greek [[tragedy]] is replete with examples of moral lessons to be learned from hubris. It must be understood however that the term ''hybris'' of the ancient Greek classical period did not have the same usage and application as our modern term ''hubris''. <ref name="Hubris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'', Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref>''' Rainer Friedrich,''' in his article ''The Hybris Of Odysseus'', provides a [[narrative]] of ''hybris'' in the ancient Greek sense, using the tragic [[hero]] Odysseus as the model. Rainer insists that the "epic character" Odysseus exhibits hubris against [[Zeus]] when he suspects the God disapproves of his sacrifice.<ref name="Rainer"> ''Friedrich, Rainer. "The Hybris Of Odysseus." Journal Of Hellenic Studies''pg. 111.(1991): 16. Publisher Provided Full Text Searching File. Web. 16 Apr. 2014 </ref>

The error of judgment "through which the fortunes of the [[hero]] of a [[tragedy]] are reversed."<ref name=Holman">p. 217</ref> "Aristotle attributes [[hamartia]] (a tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic [[hero]]" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). This "tragic [[hero]] ought to be a man whose misfortune comes to him, not through vice or depravity, but by some error" (Cudden 301). Most tragedies end in the downfall of the [[hero]] due to his ''hubris''. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, a man who is overly confident or ambitious offends the gods. Therefore, they torture him with unfortunate events that eventually lead to his demise. According to Holman, ''hubris'' is what "leads the [[protagonist]] to break a moral law or ignore a divine warning with calamitous results" (226). For example, in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth takes matters into his own hands after the first of the witches' three prophecies comes true. With the strong urging of his wife, he breaks a moral law when he decides to murder King Duncan in his quest to attain the crown. Little does he know, he is starting the chain of events, revealing his transition from good to evil, that ultimately leads to his downfall. In the case of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, the man, believed to be a chechaquo, ignores the advice of others, including the "old-timer at Sulfur Creek," and relies on himself to reach a Yukon camp following a less-traveled path in temperatures significantly below freezing. At the story's end, the man dies as a result of his ignorance and his ''hubris''.

==References==
<references/>

==Works Cited==
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Cuddon, J. A. ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Revised ed. Penguin Books, 1979.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
*Holman, C. Hugh. ''A Handbook to Literature''. Ed. Addison Hibbard and William F. Thrall. Revised ed. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1960.

==External Reading==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris definition of hubris
*http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hubris definition of hubris

Hubris

2014-04-18T02:27:40Z

Taharka32:

'''Hubris''' Exaggerated pride or self confidence.This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''.<ref name="Hybris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'',Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref> In modern times the word ''hubris'' is often used in a negative sense but that has not always been the case.<ref name="Hubris" />In ancient Greece, especially during the classical period, hubris was an indictment against the accused person and was by definition a violent criminal act against another person with the purpose of shaming them.<ref name="Hubris" />.

Greek [[tragedy]] is replete with examples of moral lessons to be learned from hubris. It must be understood however that the term ''hybris'' of the ancient Greek classical period did not have the same usage and application as our modern term ''hubris''. <ref name="Hubris">''Encyclopedia Britannica, research starters'', Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014 </ref>''' Rainer Friedrich''' in his article ''The Hybris Of Odysseus'', provides a [[narrative]] of ''hybris'' in the ancient Greek sense, using the tragic [[hero]] Odysseus as the model. Rainer insists that the "epic character" Odysseus exhibits hubris against [[Zeus]] when he suspects the God disapproves of his sacrifice.<ref name="Rainer"> ''Friedrich, Rainer. "The Hybris Of Odysseus." Journal Of Hellenic Studies''pg. 111.(1991): 16. Publisher Provided Full Text Searching File. Web. 16 Apr. 2014 </ref>

==Hubris in more Modern Times==
In more modern times one of the most often cited examples of hubris and its unforgiving consequences has been '''Napoleon''', and his ill fated attempted Russian conquest of 1812 in which he not only suffered a humiliating defeat, but lost his empire and entire army as well.<ref name="Kroll"> ''Kroll, Mark J., Leslie A. Toombs, and Peter Wright. "Napoleon's Tragic March Home From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris." Academy Of Management Executive'' 14.1 (2000): 117-128. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Apr. 2014</ref> In his work '' Napoleon's Tragic March From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris'', '''Mark J. Kroll''' draws on the example of Napoleon and correlates his Imperial hubris with business executives that make unwise, risky, decisions fueled by hubris which eventually lead to their own corporate demise along with the company.<ref name="Kroll" />.
==References==
<references/>
==Works Cited==
"Hubris." Encyclopædia Britannica (2013): Research Starters. Web. 11 Apr. 2014
"Hubris." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris].
Kroll, Mark J., Leslie A. Toombs, and Peter Wright. "Napoleon's Tragic March Home From Moscow: Lessons In Hubris." Academy Of Management Executive 14.1 (2000): 117-128. Business Source Complete. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.
Friedrich, Rainer. "The Hybris Of Odysseus." Journal Of Hellenic Studies''pg. 111.(1991): 16. Publisher Provided Full Text Searching File. Web. 16 Apr. 2014

Hubris

2014-04-16T07:49:11Z

Taharka32:

Hubris

2014-04-16T07:29:17Z

Taharka32:

Hubris

2014-04-16T01:17:27Z

Taharka32:

'''Hubris''' Exaggerated pride or self confidence."<ref name="Hubris">''Encyclopedia Britannica,research starters'',Ebscohost, viewed 13 April 2014</ref> This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''. In modern times the word ''hubris'' is often used in a negative sense but that has not always been the case. In ancient Greece, especially during the classical period, hubris was an indictment against the accused person and was by definition an

The error of judgment "through which the fortunes of the [[hero]] of a [[tragedy]] are reversed."<ref name="Holman">p. 217</ref> "Aristotle attributes [[hamartia]] (a tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic [[hero]]" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). This "tragic [[hero]] ought to be a man whose misfortune comes to him, not through vice or depravity, but by some error" (Cudden 301). Most tragedies end in the downfall of the [[hero]] due to his ''hubris''. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, a man who is overly confident or ambitious offends the gods. Therefore, they torture him with unfortunate events that eventually lead to his demise. According to Holman, ''hubris'' is what "leads the [[protagonist]] to break a moral law or ignore a divine warning with calamitous results" (226). For example, in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth takes matters into his own hands after the first of the witches' three prophecies comes true. With the strong urging of his wife, he breaks a moral law when he decides to murder King Duncan in his quest to attain the crown. Little does he know, he is starting the chain of events, revealing his transition from good to evil, that ultimately leads to his downfall. In the case of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, the man, believed to be a chechaquo, ignores the advice of others, including the "old-timer at Sulfur Creek," and relies on himself to reach a Yukon camp following a less-traveled path in temperatures significantly below freezing. At the story's end, the man dies as a result of his ignorance and his ''hubris''.

==References==
<references/>

==Works Cited==
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Cuddon, J. A. ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Revised ed. Penguin Books, 1979.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
*Holman, C. Hugh. ''A Handbook to Literature''. Ed. Addison Hibbard and William F. Thrall. Revised ed. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1960.

==External Reading==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris definition of hubris
*http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hubris definition of hubris

User:Taharka32

2014-04-15T22:16:44Z

Taharka32:

'''Hubris''' exaggerated pride or self confidence.<ref>"Hubris." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. [<http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris>]..</ref> Hubris was first known to be used in 1884.<ref>. [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris.]</ref>This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris].</ref>In today's world we use this term as an adjective to describe a person who displays an intolerable level of haughtiness or arrogance, while in ancient times it could be a criminal offense that was frowned upon.<ref> Hubris could also characterize rape. Hubris was a crime at least from the time of Solon (6th century bc), and any citizen could bring charges against another party, as was the case also for treason or impiety. (In contrast, only a member of the victim’s family could bring charges for murder.)</ref> "Hubris was a crime at least from the time of [[Solon]](6th century bc), and any citizen could bring charges against another party, as was the case for [[treason]] or [[impiety]].

==References==
{{"Hubris." Encyclopædia Britannica (2013): Research Starters. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.}}

[[Your topic]]

User:Taharka32

2014-04-15T20:15:12Z

Taharka32:

'''Hubris''' exaggerated pride or self confidence.<ref>"Hubris." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. [<http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris>]..</ref> Hubris was first known to be used in 1884.<ref>. [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris.]</ref>This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris].</ref>In today's world we use this term as an adjective to describe a person who displays an intolerable level of haughtiness or arrogance, while in ancient times it could be a criminal offense that was frowned upon.<ref> Hubris could also characterize rape. Hubris was a crime at least from the time of Solon (6th century bc), and any citizen could bring charges against another party, as was the case also for treason or impiety. (In contrast, only a member of the victim’s family could bring charges for murder.)</ref>

==References==
{{"Hubris." Encyclopædia Britannica (2013): Research Starters. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.}}

[[Your topic]]

Hubris

2014-04-14T13:55:05Z

Taharka32: Fixed two references.

Excessive pride. A concept introduced in Greece, Holman and Harmon state that it is the "overweening pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the [[protagonist]] of a [[tragedy]]."<ref name=Holman">Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. p. 250</ref> Humans who suffer from ''hubris'', or ''hybris'', often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. Roger Fowler defines ''hubris'' as "a man's denial of his own mortality" (198). Indeed it seems that the only way for a person to obtain such pride is to lose all sense of fear for his own wellbeing. After all, if a person has no fear at all, then he may have a perfect pride in himself, and in some ways, may even believe that he is perfect. Baldick asserts that "''hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolence' or 'affront'," often times making it "the pride that comes before the fall" (260). Even though an overpowering sense of pride is healthy for one's self esteem, others might consider such pride insolence, or a negative trait.

The error of judgment "through which the fortunes of the [[hero]] of a [[tragedy]] are reversed."<ref name=Holman">p. 217</ref> "Aristotle attributes [[hamartia]] (a tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic [[hero]]" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). This "tragic [[hero]] ought to be a man whose misfortune comes to him, not through vice or depravity, but by some error" (Cudden 301). Most tragedies end in the downfall of the [[hero]] due to his ''hubris''. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, a man who is overly confident or ambitious offends the gods. Therefore, they torture him with unfortunate events that eventually lead to his demise. According to Holman, ''hubris'' is what "leads the [[protagonist]] to break a moral law or ignore a divine warning with calamitous results" (226). For example, in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth takes matters into his own hands after the first of the witches' three prophecies comes true. With the strong urging of his wife, he breaks a moral law when he decides to murder King Duncan in his quest to attain the crown. Little does he know, he is starting the chain of events, revealing his transition from good to evil, that ultimately leads to his downfall. In the case of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, the man, believed to be a chechaquo, ignores the advice of others, including the "old-timer at Sulfur Creek," and relies on himself to reach a Yukon camp following a less-traveled path in temperatures significantly below freezing. At the story's end, the man dies as a result of his ignorance and his ''hubris''.

==References==
<references/>

==Works Cited==
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Cuddon, J. A. ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Revised ed. Penguin Books, 1979.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
*Holman, C. Hugh. ''A Handbook to Literature''. Ed. Addison Hibbard and William F. Thrall. Revised ed. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1960.

==External Reading==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris definition of hubris
*http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hubris definition of hubris

User:Taharka32

2014-04-12T01:16:11Z

Taharka32:

'''Hubris''' exaggerated pride or self confidence.<ref>"Hubris." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris>..</ref> Hubris was first known to be used in 1884.<ref>. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris.</ref>This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''<ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris.</ref>In today's world we use this term as an adjective to describe a person who displays an intolerable level of haughtiness or arrogance, while in ancient times it could be a criminal offense that was frowned upon.<ref> Hubris could also characterize rape. Hubris was a crime at least from the time of Solon (6th century bc), and any citizen could bring charges against another party, as was the case also for treason or impiety. (In contrast, only a member of the victim’s family could bring charges for murder.)</ref>

==References==
{{"Hubris." Encyclopædia Britannica (2013): Research Starters. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.}}

[[Your topic]]

User:Taharka32

2014-04-11T22:21:38Z

Taharka32:

'''Hubris''' exaggerated pride or self confidence.<ref>"Hubris." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris>..</ref> Hubris was first known to be used in 1884.<ref>. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris.</ref>This word has its origins from the Greek word ''hybris''<ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hubris.</ref>In today's world we use this term to as an adjective to describe a person who displays an intolerable level of haughtiness or arrogance, while in ancient times it could be a criminal offense that was frowned upon.<ref> Hubris could also characterize rape. Hubris was a crime at least from the time of Solon (6th century bc), and any citizen could bring charges against another party, as was the case also for treason or impiety. (In contrast, only a member of the victim’s family could bring charges for murder.)</ref>

==References==
{{"Hubris." Encyclopædia Britannica (2013): Research Starters. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.}}

[[Your topic]]

User:Taharka32

2014-04-11T20:08:55Z

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User:Taharka32

2014-04-11T02:40:20Z

Taharka32: Created page with "j"