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Perestroika 2.1

2006-04-27T13:10:45Z

Rpugh: Final Cleanup

==Summary==
Prior and Belize are outside the funeral parlor discussing the events of their friend's burial. Belize notices that Prior has been acting peculiar and mentions that to him. Prior tells Belize that he believes the dream about the angel did occur as well as "I'm a prophet"(169). However, Belize doesn't believe it. Prior continues to tell Belize about his strange encounter with the angel anyway.

==Notes==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morticia_Addams Morticia Addams](168)-A character from a popular TV show "The Addams Family".
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian Sicilian](168)-a region in Italy.

==Commentary==
In this scene, Prior opens by saying that the funeral was "tacky"(Kushner 167). His comment is odd because he, even though he is no longer a drag queen, should have appreciated another queen's abnormality. Instead he seems to resent many of the things that he used to hold so dearly. He is also dealing with the idea of death. He is just completely unhappy at the funeral with the thought of his own funeral.Later in the scene, Prior tells Belize that his "eyes are fucked up" (Kushner 168). He says that his vision has been different since he encountered the angel. Literally, he may indeed see differently, but this could be symbolic of another change. Consistent with his distaste of the drag queen funeral, Prior is changing his entire perception of the world. At this point one can not determine where his opinions will go, and, quite possibly, neither does Prior.

== Study Questions==
#Why does the death of this drag queen bother Prior so much?
#What does Prior tell Belize he had seen?
#Does Belize believe him?

==External Links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Kushner For More About Kushner]

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

Perestroika 2.1

2006-04-27T12:56:30Z

Rpugh: Added to summary and built the rest

==Summary==
Prior and Belize are outside the funeral parlor discussing the events of their friend's burial. Belize notices that Prior has been acting peculiar and mentions that to him. Prior tells Belize that he believes the dream about the angel did occur as well as "I'm a prophet"(169). However, Belize doesn't believe it. Prior continues to tell Belize about his strange encounter with the angel anyway.
==Notes==
*<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morticia_Addams">Morticia Addams</a>
*<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian">Sicilian</a>
==Commentary==
In this scene, Prior opens by saying that the funeral was "tacky"(Kushner 167). His comment is odd because he, even though he is no longer a drag queen, should have appreciated another queen's abnormality. Instead he seems to resent many of the things that he used to hold so dearly. He is also dealing with the idea of death. He is just completely unhappy at the funeral with the thought of his own funeral.Later in the scene, Prior tells Belize that his "eyes are fucked up" (Kushner 168). He says that his vision has been different since he encountered the angel. Literally, he may indeed see differently, but this could be symbolic of another change. Consistent with his distaste of the drag queen funeral, Prior is changing his entire perception of the world. At this point one can not determine where his opinions will go, and, quite possibly, neither does Prior.
==Questions==
*Why does the death of this drag queen bother Prior so much?
*What does Prior tell Belize he had seen?
*Does Belize believe him?
==External Links==
*<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Kushner">For More About Kushner</a>

Mr. Lies

2006-04-27T04:34:26Z

Rpugh:

[[Harper Amaty Pitt]]'s imaginary friend. He is a travel agent who sold Joe and Harper their plane tickets to Brooklyn, NY. In Harper's mind, Mr. Lies is able to take her away from her problems and shield her from the reality of life. She summons him whenever she wants to escape her present surroundings, though Mr. Lies cautions her that there is a limit to her ability to flee from reality. [[Image:Photo antarctica.jpg|thumb|Right|Mr. Lies and Harper]]

There is an underlying conflict between what Mr. Lies is telling Harper, and what the Angel is telling [[Prior Walter]]. [[The Angel]] is saying that progress and moving foward has removed us from God and, if we continue along this path, distruction will come. In contrast to that Mr. Lies says "It's the price of rootlessness. Motion sickness. The only cure: to keep moving." This statement makes us question Mr. Lies true agenda. What Mr. Lies is telling Harper is very interesting because in the Bible Satan is referred to as the Father of Lies. If Mr. Lies is an incarnation of the Devil then he would know that God had left. He would be trying to keep as many people as possible moving and progressing. Through these actions he would be able to keep God and men seperated and then, possibly, win a long waged war against the faith of men in God.
----
[[Angels in America]]

Angels in America

2006-04-27T04:27:07Z

Rpugh: /* Study Questions */

[[Image:Angels-in-america-04.jpg|thumb|Angels in America]]

==Factual Information==
According to Jacobus, Kushner was suprised that both liberals and conservatives liked the play because Kushner thought that is attacked many of the conservative views (1636).

==Biography==

==Study Guide==

===Part One: Millennium Approaches===
====Act One: Bad News====
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.1|Act One, Scene 1]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.2|Act One, Scene 2]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.3|Act One, Scene 3]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.4|Act One, Scene 4]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.5|Act One, Scene 5]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.6|Act One, Scene 6]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.7|Act One, Scene 7]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.8|Act One, Scene 8]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.9|Act One, Scene 9]]
====Act Two: In Vitro====
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.1|Act Two, Scene 1]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.2|Act Two, Scene 2]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.3|Act Two, Scene 3]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.4|Act Two, Scene 4]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.5|Act Two, Scene 5]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.6|Act Two, Scene 6]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.7|Act Two, Scene 7]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.8|Act Two, Scene 8]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.9|Act Two, Scene 9]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.10|Act Two, Scene 10]]
====Act Three: Not-Yet-Conscious, Foward Dawning====
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.1|Act Three, Scene 1]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.2|Act Three, Scene 2]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.3|Act Three, Scene 3]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.4|Act Three, Scene 4]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.5|Act Three, Scene 5]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.6|Act Three, Scene 6]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.7|Act Three, Scene 7]]

===Part Two: Perestroika===
====Act One: Spooj====
#[[Perestroika 1.1|Act One, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 1.2|Act One, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 1.3|Act One, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 1.4|Act One, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 1.5|Act One, Scene 5]]
#[[Perestroika 1.6|Act One, Scene 6]]
====Act Two: The Epistle====
#[[Perestroika 2.1|Act Two, Scene 1]]

====Act Three: Borborygmi====
#[[Perestroika 3.1|Act Three, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 3.2|Act Three, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 3.3|Act Three, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 3.4|Act Three, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 3.5|Act Three, Scene 5]]
====Act Four: John Brown's Body====
#[[Perestroika 4.1|Act Four, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 4.2|Act Four, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 4.3|Act Four, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 4.4|Act Four, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 4.5|Act Four, Scene 5]]
#[[Perestroika 4.6|Act Four, Scene 6]]
#[[Perestroika 4.7|Act Four, Scene 7]]
#[[Perestroika 4.8|Act Four, Scene 8]]
#[[Perestroika 4.9|Act Four, Scene 9]]
====Act Five: Heaven, I'm in Heaven====
#[[Perestroika 5.1|Act Five, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 5.2|Act Five, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 5.3|Act Five, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 5.4|Act Five, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 5.5|Act Five, Scene 5]]
#[[Perestroika 5.6|Act Five, Scene 6]]
#[[Perestroika 5.7|Act Five, Scene 7]]
#[[Perestroika 5.8|Act Five, Scene 8]]
#[[Perestroika 5.9|Act Five, Scene 9]]
#[[Perestroika 5.10|Act Five, Scene 10]]
====Epilogue: Bethesda====
#[[Perestroika Epilogue]]

==Characters==

[[The Angel]]

[[Emily]]

[[The Eskimo]]

[[Ethel Rosenberg]]

[[Hannah Porter Pitt]]

[[Harper Amaty Pitt]]

[[Henry]]

[[Joseph Porter Pitt]]

[[Louis Ironson]]

[[The Man in the Park]]

[[Martin Heller]]

[[Mr. Lies]]

[[Norman Arriaga]] AKA: Belize

[[Prior I]]

[[Prior II]]

[[Prior Walter]]

[[Rabbi Isidor Chemelwitz]]

[[Roy Cohn]]

[[Sister Ella Chapter]]

[[The Voice]]

[[The Woman in the South Bronx]]

[[Belize]]

==Major Themes==
''Angels in America'' is in many ways a play about conversion.The experience of HIV illness is often conceived as involving a conversion of the self, and Prior's discovery that he has AIDS is depicted in part as making him a new person: I'm a lessionnaire". The Angel's visitation to Prior takes the form of a mission of conversion:given a new identity, Prior is like Joseph Smith, to become Prophet of a new dispensation. Indeed, in the course of the play all its characters undergo startling shifts in identity. Hannah is not only physically transplanted to New York but becomes ''"noticeably different--she looks like a New Yorker''. Roy , who clings tenaciously to his professional status a a lawyer,is disbarred just before his death. Harper moves through a period of dysfunction to strike out on her own, choosing "the real San Francisco, on earth," with its "unspeakable beauty" (Kruger 4).

Kushner uses split scenes to make more explicit the contrapuntal relationship between these seemingly disconnected narrative worlds. Roy's meeting with Joe, to discuss the junior attorney's future as a "Roy-Boy" in Washington, occurs alongside the scene in which Louis is sodomized in the Central Park Rambles by a leather clad mama's boy.Louis's mini-symposium at the coffee shop is simultaneous with Prior's medical checkup at an outpatient clinic. Dreams,ghosts, and a flock of dithering, hermaphroditic angels are also used to break through the play's realistic structure, to conjoin seemingly disparate characters, and to reveal the poetic resonances and interconnectedness of everyday life (McNulty 4).

==Major Symbols==

==Influences==
The biggest influences on this play would defiantly have to be American society. Kushner brings up many problems that he has with the country. Form his problems with President Regan to the discrimination of people in American society.

==Study Questions==
#Many of the gay characters struggle with the question of how their sexuality should be, and several come out in different ways during the course of the play. Discuss the meaning of the ''closet'' — are closeted characters different from uncloseted ones? What implications does coming out have for self and community?
#"It's law not justice," Joe tells Louis during their final breakup. Discuss the themes of law and justice as they appear in the play. Is Joe correct that the two are separate entities? Or does the play encourage a more visionary potential of the law?
#Belize stands out as exceptionally compassionate and good, yet at times seems two-dimensional. Which view is correct? Is Belize a virtuous stereotype or a complex moral authority?
#What does the subtitle "A Gay Fantasia on National Themes" suggest? What national themes are evident in the plays? What is the relationship between "gay" and "national"?
#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perestroika Perestroika] was the term for Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of political and economic reform in the Soviet Union. In what ways does the play represent the possibility of ''perestroika'' in America? Is this an appropriate title for part two?
#Choosing at least two examples ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Rosenberg The Rosenberg Trial], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_earthquake The San Francisco Earthquake], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl Chernobyl], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_administration The Reagan Administration]), analyze the role of history in the plays. Does Kushner more or less depict events as they happened? If not, what dramatic and thematic purposes does he serve by shading the facts?
#As a "fantasia," ''Angels in America'' is a major departure from prevailing theatrical realism, with detours into the religious and the supernatural — angels, ghosts, apparitions, and visions appear over and over. What effect do these fantastical elements have on the play as a whole? Go beyond a simple analysis of plot to consider the implications for characters, messages, and themes.
#Is there any connection between [[the Angel]], and [[Mr. Lies]]. If there is a connection, is it a friendly one?

==Additional Resources==
*[http://www.januarymagazine.com/artcult/angelsinam.html Larger Than Life] - A review of'' Angels in America'' by Tony Buchsbaum.
*[http://www.hbo.com/films/angelsinamerica/cast/kushner_interview.html HBO Interview with Tony Kusher]

==Works Cited==

* Garner, Stanton B. ''"Angels in America: The Millennium and Postmodern Memory," in Approaching the Millenium, Essays on Angels in America,'' edited by Deborah R. Geis and Steven F. Kruger, University of Michigan Press, 1987: pp.173-84.

* Glenn, Lane A.. "Angels in America." ''Drama for Students''. Gale, 1999.

* Kruger, Steven F. ''"Identity and Conversion in Angels in America."in Approaching the Millennium: Essays on "Angels in America."'' edited by Deborah R. Geis and Steven F.Kruger, University of Michigan Press, 1997: pp. 151-69.

* Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

* Layman, Bruccoli Clark. ''"Tony Kushner,"in Dictionary of Literary Biography,'' Volume 228: Twentienth Century American Dramatists, Second Series. Edited by Christopher J. Wheatley.

* McNutty, Charles. ''"Angels in America: Tony Kushner's Theses on the Philosophy of History."'' Modern Drama 39,no.1 (Spring 1996): 84-96.

* Meisner, Natalie. ''Messing with the Idyllic: The Performance of Femininity in Kushner's Angels in America''. ''The Yale Journal of Criticism'' 16,no.1 (2003): 177-189.

* Quinn, John R. ''"Corpus Juris Tertium: Redemptive Jurisprudence in Angels in America."'' Theatre Journal 48,no.1 (March 1996): 79-90.

* Trilling, Lionel, et. al. ''Bloom’s Period Studies: Modern American Drama''. Chelsea House Publishers, 2005.

* Jacobus, Lee A., Ed. ''The Beford Introduction to Drama.'' 3rd Ed. Boston: Bedford, 1997.

[[Category:Literature]]

Millennium Approaches 1.3

2006-04-27T03:54:51Z

Rpugh: Commentary

==Summary==
Harper is alone at home listening to the radio and speaking to herself. Mr. Lies, her imaginary travel agent friend appears. Harper is telling Mr. Lies she wants to travel, she knows things are not right with her. When asked where she might like to go, she says Antarctica, but does not want to go immediately. She chooses to wait and tells Mr. Lies to stay around because she knows that she will need to go soon. She questions Joe's love for her and whether there is real trouble coming or if it is just her mind playing tricks on her. Joe returns home, late as usual, and asks Harper how she would like to move to Washington.
Joe late again,nothing new. Joe calls Harper Buddy. Joe explains why he is late. "I was just ...out. Walking" (24). Joe gives Harper "Buddy kiss" (24).

==Notes==
*'''ozone layer''' (22)- naturally occuring gases that make up the [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ozone.htm?referrer=adwords_campaign=ozone_ad=024321&_search_kw=ozone%20layer atmosphere].
*'''aureole'''(22) - : a [http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/aureole radiant light] around the head or body of a representation of a sacred personage
*'''Antarctica''' (23)- an ice covered [http://www.antarctica.net.au/ continent] that lies in the Artic Ocean.
*'''Nomad''' (23)- A person who moves about with no fixed home.
*'''Acolyte''' (23)- One who wishes to attain clergyhood. This term can refer to anyone who performs ceremonial duties. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acolyte Roman Catholicism].
*'''Flux''' (23)- A continuous flow or flood.

==Commentary==
Even when the scene opens to the introduction of Harper, one can tell that she is going to be a major mouthpiece for Kushner in this story. Her opening lines, " People who are left alone... sit...imagining...beautiful systems dying, old fixed orders spiraling apart" (Kushner 22). This line alone sums up the destructions of the world that Kushner writes into the the story. The dying, beautiful system is the American dream. The idea that America is a perfect country with an unselfish government is an uninformed, innocent thought. All people are imperfect and a government by the people has to be imperfect. Old systems falling apart has mainly to do with Joe's internal conlflict with his homosexual preferances. He does not want to sin as a gay man, but he can not help how he feels.

The short scene with Mr. Lies, the travel agent, will lead later to a theme about the angels. In short, Mr. Lies presses Harper to move, to take a vacation. She does not, but she does want to.

==Study Questions==

#What year is it now?
#How many years is it until the third millennium?
#What is Mr. Lies job title?
#What does Mr. Lies recommend to cure the weird things happening to Harper?
#Who enters the elevator as Mr. Lies vanishes?
#What does this person call Harper? Is this odd?
#Why does Harper want to go to Antarctica?
#What is Harper addicted to?
# What is Buddy kiss?
# Who does Joe calls Buddy?

==External Resources==

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

--------
[[Angels in America | Angels in America Act 1 Scene 4]]

[[Category:Literature]]

Millennium Approaches 1.2

2006-04-27T03:39:11Z

Rpugh: /* Summary */

==Summary==
Joseph Pitt sits waiting in Roy Cohn's office while Roy conducts business with several people through his phone system. Roy is loud and obscene. His actions continue in a blisteringly vulgar fashion until Joe asks him to "please not use the Lord's name in vain" (20). When Roy asks what religion he is, Joe tells him that he is Mormon. Roy almost seems excited by the idea that Joe is a Mormon. He then suddenly offers Joe a job in the Justice Department in Washington, DC. Joe says that "it's incredibly exciting" but that he must talk to his wife before accepting the job (22).

== Notes ==
[[Image:LaCage1.jpg|right|thumb|''La Cage aux Folles'']]
*'''''Cats''''' (18) - a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cats_%28musical%29 musical] composed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber Andrew Lloyd Webber] in 1978 and based on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Possum%27s_Book_of_Practical_Cats ''Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats''] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot T. S. Eliot].

*'''''42nd Street''''' (18) - a Broadway [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Street_%28musical%29 musical]. It premiered in New York City in 1980 and is considered one of the most successful productions in the history of Broadway theater.

*'''''La Cage''''' (18) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles ''La Cage aux Folles''] is a French play that became Broadway's first "homosexual" musical in 1983.

*'''Schtupping''' (20)- an offensive or indecent slang term for sexual intercourse.

*'''Baptist''' (21)- The largest protestant [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_denomination religious denomination] based on Christian Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John in the United States that are particularly insistent on the separation of church and state.

*'''Catholic''' (21)- A universal religion comprehensive of all mankind that is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiberaL liberal].

*'''Mormon''' (21) - the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon name] given to members of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement Latter Day Saint movement].

*'''Ed Meese''' (21) - the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Meese seventy-fifth] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General Attorney General] of the United States from 1985 to 1988.

==Commentary==
''Angels in America'''s Roy Cohn is based on the real-life American [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Cohn lawyer] of the same name; however, Kushner's play is not as much "about" Cohn as it is about what "Cohn represents socially and historically" (Borreca). Still, the play's character follows the nonfictional Cohn's life almost flawlessly.

[[Image:Judge.jpg|left|thumb|Roy Marcus Cohn (February 20, 1927 – August 2, 1986).]]

Cohn became famous during [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy's] investigations into Communism in the government and especially during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army-McCarthy_Hearings Army-McCarthy Hearings]. Cohn was widely unpopular during his lifetime, yet he still gained tremendous political power. He was most famous for his role in the 1951 trial of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Rosenberg Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]. His cross examination of Ethel's brother produced the testimony that was mainly responsible for the defendents' conviction and execution. Cohn took great pride in the case, claiming to have played an even greater role than was realized. In his autobiography, he wrote that his influence had led to the appointment of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Kaufman Judge Irving Kaufman] to the case, and that Kaufman, who was a family friend, had imposed the death penalty on Cohn's personal advice.

It was because of the Rosenberg trial that Cohn, at the age of twenty-four, had been recommended and appointed as McCarthy's chief counsel. In 1954, when McCarthy was censured, Cohn resigned and went into private practice, beginning a thirty-year career as a high-powered attorney in New York City. In the 1970s and 1980s, he was charged three times with professional misconduct but never convicted. However, eventually the New York Bar association brought disbarment proceedings against him for unethical and unprofessional conduct, which caused him to lose his license in the last month of his life.

Although he was extremely conservative in politics, Cohn was rumored to be a homosexual, and it was widely believed that he and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._David_Schine G. David Schine], whom he appointed chief consultant, had a sexual relationship. However, Cohn continued to deny he was gay and he even lent his support to anti-gay political campaigns. In 1984, he was diagnosed with AIDs, but he attemped to keep it secret by saying he had liver cancer. Despite aggressive drug treatment, he died on August 2, 1986 (six months after the Cohn in Kushner's play) at the age of 54.

Roy Cohn was also portrayed by actor [http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0000249/ James Woods] in the 1992 biographical television movie [http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0103973/ ''Citizen Cohn''].

==Study Questions==
#What is Roy Cohn's profession?
#What is Roy's favorite Broadway musical? What does this suggest about the character?
#While he is conducting business, what does Roy keep insisting Joe do?
#What job does Roy offer to Joe and what would it require Joe to do?
#Why does Joe tell Roy that he has to "think about" his job offer?
#Who is the Attorney General at the time of the play?
#What is the meaning of “only in America”? - Does a persons life change for better or worse by living in the United States? Does living in the U.S. mark a turning point for religious and political history?
# Why did Joe started to leave Roy's office in scene 2?
# What is Joe religion?

==External Resources==
*[http://www.hbo.com/films/angelsinamerica/video/index.html HBO Conversations with the Actors]
*[http://chronicle.com/free/v49/i43/43b00701.htm The Chronicle Review: Only in America] - By Eric Hobsbawm

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.
*Borreca, Art. "''Angels in America'', Part 1: Millennium Approaches." ''Theatre Journal'' 45.2 (May 1993): 235.
*Kushner, Tony." Angles in America",Part One: Millennium Approaches,1995.
[[Angels in America | Millennium Approaches Act 1 Scene 3]]

[[Category:Literature]]

Millennium Approaches 1.1

2006-04-27T03:33:01Z

Rpugh: Commentary

==Summary==
The opening begins with Rabbi Isador Chemelwitz from the Bronx Home for Aged Hebrews speaking impressively at the funeral of Sarah Ironson. Sarah was a resident at the Home for Aged Hebrews. She is the grandmother of a large Jewish family and yet she is being buried in a wooden pine box.

Rabbi Chemelwitz states that he did not know Sarah Ironson well enough to explain her qualities precisely and that she was a quiet person, but yet he knows her type.

The Rabbi preaches how Sarah had immigrated to America from Eastern Europe to make a home for her family.He also preaches that America does not exist, that America belongs to the ones that cause trouble with the elderly and authority figures. He then praises Sarah for having presence on the cultural beliefs of her family and that they could never accomplish what she has. She was the last of her kind.

==Notes==

*'''Star of David''' (15) - a six-pointed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_of_David star] formed from two equilateral triangles; an emblem symbolizing Judaism. Also called Shield of David.

[[Image:Prayer shawl.jpg|thumb|Prayer Shawl with Star of David emblem]]

*'''prayer shawl''' (15) - a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayer_shawl shawl] with a ritually knotted fringe at each corner; worn by Jews at morning prayer, also called a tallit, or talles.

*'''yarzheit candle''' (15) - Yarzheit is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_language Yiddish] word given to the anniversary of a person's death.

*'''goyische''' (16) - Hebrew/Yiddish [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=goyische term] for someone/thing which is not Jewish.

*'''Litvak''' (16) - the name given to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews Lithuanian Jews] or to those who are associated with their religious beliefs.

*'''shtetl''' (16) - a small [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtetl Jewish town or village] formerly found throughout Eastern Europe.

*'''steppe''' (16) - A vast, semi-arid and grass-covered [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe plain], as found in southeast Europe, Siberia, and central North America.

*'''Grand Concourse Avenue''' (16) - a [http://maps.yahoo.com/maps_result?addr=grand+concourse+avenue&csz=bronx%2C+ny&country=us&new=1&name=&qty= street] in the Bronx.

*'''Mohicans''' (17) a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahican member] of an American Indian tribe living in or around the Hudson Valley.

==Commentary==
The opening stage directions of this scene tell the reader that the time of the play starts in late October. Comparatively, the end of the year approaching signifies upcoming change in the lives of people. This scene is also full of forshadowing. Like The rabbi even says at the end of the scene that soon "All of the old world will be dead" (Kushner 17). The rabbi seems to be simply going through the motions with this funeral, as he has with many funerals in the past. He admits that he never knew Sarah Ironson, but he knows what kind of person she was.

He then becomes the first character in the play to criticize what America has become. While reflecting on what Sarah wanted in life, the rabbi talks about how the Jewish forefathers struggled so that their children " would not grow up ''here''" (Kushner 16). He calls America "the meltingpot where nothing melted" (Kushner 16). By this, he means that America is composed of several groups of cultures, but they never really mixed, or melted, together. Such a divided community, the Jewish leaders think, was exactly what they were trying to run from by coming to the Americas.

==Study Questions==
#The beginning scene takes place at who's funeral?
#She is the grandmother of which character?
#What is the only non-Jewish name of one of Sarah Ironson's grandchildren?
#During the rabbi's eulogy he tells the family that Sarah was the kind of person that brought the villages with her to America. Where did these villages come from?
#What Great Voyages no longer exist?
#What was Sarah Ironson's husband's name?
#Rabbi Chemelwitz describes America as a “strange place, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pot melting pot] where nothing melted (16).” Does this mean that immigrants of different cultures and races do not fit into an integrated American society?

==External Resources==
[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/meltingpot/melt0222.htm The Myth of the Melting Pot: America’s Racial and Ethnic Divides.]

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

------
[[Angels in America | Millennium Approaches Act 1 Scene 2]]

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-04-14T19:00:17Z

Rpugh: removed elipses and clarified external recource links

== Summary ==
Section eight begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM,” a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife, but later reads that Rusty has married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but he is not able to go in until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor and opens the door with his key. The apartment is in complete disarray, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed, muttering about someone, whom the narrator later discovers is her brother Fred. The doctor injects her with a sedative while Jose continuously asks if "her sickness is only grief" (78). The doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram from Doc Golightly that induced Holly’s tantrum. It says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes" (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than [he'd] ever seen her" (80). She even begins cooking and learning Portuguese. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio, insisting that she is in love with him. The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike him. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression" (Kimbofo). On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country" (Cash). If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and loneliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home wife (Prior).

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats," but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily" (Cash).

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh). Pugh suggests that Holly's friendship with gay men are one sign of her progressive sexual politics. Holly states, "A person ought to be able to marry men or women or--listen, if you came to me and said you wanted to hitch up with Man o' War, I'd respect your feeling. No, I'm serious. Love should be allowed" (83). Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived" (84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm Books and Writers: Truman Capote]. 2003 Biography On Author
*[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html American Masters: Truman Capote] Biography On Author

== Works Cited ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.
*Kimbofo. [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html Breakfast at Tiffany's Reviews]. "Reading Matters." 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
*Prior, Lily. [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.html Breakfast at Tiffany's Review]. 18 March 2006.
*Pugh, Tison. "Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's." The Explicator 6.1 (Fall 2002): 51-53.
----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7|Section seven]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 9|Section nine]]

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 3

2006-04-14T18:39:06Z

Rpugh: Clarified destination of links for external recources

== Summary ==

The weekend after Holly's party the narrator discovers that Mag Wildwood is still at Holly's apartment. In this same weekend, a strange Latin visitor mistakenly knocks on his door for Mag, and later that day sees him unloading luggage from a taxi. That night, the narrator listens in on the girl talk between, Holly and Mag as they sit on the window ledge of their apartment wondow. Holly tells about her brother Fred being a soldier and that he is stupid. Mag is a proud American who is engaged to a Brazilian named Jose. Jose is a politician who wants to become the president of Brazil. Mag wants him to give up politics and live in America.

When the narrator goes down to check his mail, he notices that the card on Holly's box is changed to say that Miss Golightly and Miss Wildwood are now traveling together. In his box is a letter from a university review who wants to publish his story. He shows the letter to Holly, who decides to take him out to lunch and celebrate. As she gets ready, the narrator notices the packed suitcases and says that her room reminds him of a girl's gym. The whole time, Holly is talking about Mag and her engagement. She finally congratulates him on the story.

== Notes ==

*'''Totter''' (47)- To move unsteadily with a rocking motion.

*'''“Bully for him”''' (48)- An [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom idiom] used when something is said that a person does not think the other person deserves praise or admiration for.

*'''Indian summer day''' (48)-a period of sunny, warm weather in autumn, not long before winter that persist for a few days or weeks.

*'''Brazil''' (49)- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil Brazil] is a formal colony of Portugal, located in South America and is now the 5th largest country in the world.

*'''censoriously''' (49)- Tending to censure, harshly critical.

*'''Portuguese''' (49)- A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language Romance language] spoken mainly in Portugal and Brazil.

*'''conventional''' (50)- Ordinary; not unusual or extreme.

*'''argyles''' (51)- Knitted or woven socks in diamond shaped patterns of various colors.

*'''Complacently''' (51)- In a self-satisfied manner.

*'''Sun helmets''' (51)-a light-weight hat that is worn in tropical countries that protects one from the sun.

*'''Misconstrued''' (52)- To misinterpret or mistake the meaning of something.

== Commentary ==
One could suggest that Capote had his own life experiences in mind when writing ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s'' and that he is the [[narrator]]. He modeled the [[character]] of Holly Golightly after six women that he was intrigued with, Phoebe Pierce, Gloria Vanderbilt, Carol Marcus, Doris Lilly, Anky Larrabee, and Oona O’Neill (Clarke 64).

In 1964 Capote had written a letter to Alvin Dewey III admitting that Holly was indeed a real girl, but the incidences he writes about her are mostly fictional (Clarke 401). In his later years Capote admits “It’s too bad I don’t like going to bed with women” and further states that he loves attractive and beautiful women only as friends, not lovers (Clarke 93-94). This would explain how he molded the character of Holly and the non-sexual relationship between her and the narrator. However, many scholars miss the existence of homosexuality in the novella, therefore missing some of the key parts that explains the sexual dynamics (Pugh 51).

The narrator is characterized as having his nose pressed against the glass and wanting to be on the inside staring out (Capote 48). In a conversation with Lawrence Grobel, Capote admits “yes, looking in, seeing something that he wanted to be inside of” (Grobel 88). This is indicative of Capote/the narrator being fascinated with the life style of Holly Golightly.

In Cash's critical analysis he states that Mag is a character who is introduced as having many similar characteristics to Holly. She is tall and attractive, but has a stutter problem. She is engaged to Jose, a Brazilian, and when she talks about her future relationship with him she makes the comment to Holly, "Better you than me (Capote 51)." Holly responds back, "Yes. Better me than you (Capote 51)." This indicates that Holly is attracted to Jose, maybe even more than Mag.

== Study Questions ==
#How is Mag on the verge of pneumonia?
#How does Holly describe her brother Fred?
#Why is the narrator charmed by the Latin (Jose)?
#Where is Jose from?
#What language is spoken in Brazil?
#What does Holly have to say about the letter the narrator receives from the university review regarding his story?
#Why does Holly suggest to the narrator that he not let a small university publish his work?
#Why does Mag think of Jose's desire to be President of Brazil?
#How is Holly's room described?
#Why does Holly keep everything packed and ready to go as if she is running from authorities?
#Why does Holly accept Mag as a roommate?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm biography of author

*http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237 about "In Cold Blood"

*http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html biography of author

== Works Cited ==
*Capote,Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Random House Inc., 1958.

*Cash, Matthew M. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/critiicalanalysis.html A-Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky. A Critical Analysis of ''Breakfast at Tiffany's.] 1996.

*Clarke, Gerald. ''Capote: A Biography''. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

*Grobel, Lawrence. ''Conversations With Capote''. New York: New American Library, 1985.

*Pugh, Tison. "Capote's BREAKFAST AT TIFFANY'S." ''Explicator.'' Vol.61 no.1 (2002):51.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 2|Section two]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 4|Section four]]

Hubris

2006-04-14T18:31:26Z

Rpugh: Added some external reading links

Excessive pride. A concept introduced in Greece, Holman and Harmon state that it is the "overweening pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the [[protagonist]] of a [[tragedy]]" (250). Humans who suffer from ''hubris'', or ''hybris'', often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. Roger Fowler defines ''hubris'' as "a man's denial of his own mortality" (198). Indeed it seems that the only way for a person to obtain such pride is to lose all sense of fear for his own wellbeing. After all, if a person has no fear at all, then he may have a perfect pride in himself, and in some ways, may even believe that he is perfect. Baldick asserts that "''hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolence' or 'affront'," often times making it "the pride that comes before the fall" (260). Even though an overpowering sense of pride is healthy for one's self esteem, others might consider such pride insolence, or a negative trait.

The error of judgment "through which the fortunes of the [[hero]] of a [[tragedy]] are reversed" (Holman 217). "Aristotle attributes [[hamartia]] (a tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic [[hero]]" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). This "tragic [[hero]] ought to be a man whose misfortune comes to him, not through vice or depravity, but by some error" (Cudden 301). Most tragedies end in the downfall of the [[hero]] due to his ''hubris''. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, a man who is overly confident or ambitious offends the gods. Therefore, they torture him with unfortunate events that eventually lead to his demise. According to Holman, ''hubris'' is what "leads the [[protagonist]] to break a moral law or ignore a divine warning with calamitous results" (226). For example, in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth takes matters into his own hands after the first of the witches' three prophecies comes true. With the strong urging of his wife, he breaks a moral law when he decides to murder King Duncan in his quest to attain the crown. Little does he know, he is starting the chain of events, revealing his transition from good to evil, that ultimately leads to his downfall. In the case of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, the man, believed to be a chechaquo, ignores the advice of others, including the "old-timer at Sulfur Creek," and relies on himself to reach a Yukon camp following a less-traveled path in temperatures significantly below freezing. At the story's end, the man dies as a result of his ignorance and his ''hubris''.

==Works Cited==
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Cuddon, J. A. ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Revised ed. Penguin Books, 1979.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Harmon, William and C. Hugh Holman.'' A Handbook to Literature''. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
*Holman, C. Hugh. ''A Handbook to Literature''. Ed. Addison Hibbard and William F. Thrall. Revised ed. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1960.

==External Reading==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris definition of hubris
*http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hubris definition of hubris

Truman Capote

2006-04-13T22:17:45Z

Rpugh: I fixed comments of his death to go at the end of his biography.

[[Image:Capote.jpg|thumb|Truman Capote]]
==Major Works==

===Novels===
*[http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679643227''Other Voices, Other Rooms''] (1948)- Captote's first novel
* ''[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]'' (1958)
*[http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237''In Cold Blood''] (1966)
* ''The Thanksgiving Visitor'' (1968)
*''Answered Prayers'' (1987)- an unfinished novel

===Short Stories===
* ''The Walls Are Cold'' (1943)
* ''A Mink of One's Own'' (1944)
* ''The Shape of Things'' (1944)
* ''Miriam'' (1945)
* ''A Tree of Night'' (1949)
* [http://www.randomhouse.com/vintage/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679745662 ''Music for Chameleons]'' (1980)

===Plays and Screenplays===
*[http://www.randomhouse.com/vintage/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679745570''The Grass Harp''] (1952)
*[http://lionreference.chadwyck.com.ezproxy.maconstate.edu/searchFulltext.do?id=R01530960&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1142821811_490&area=abell&forward=critref_ft''Beat the Devil''] (1954)
* ''Turn of the Screw'' (1960)
* ''The Innocents'' (1961)
* ''A Christmas Memory'' (1966)
* ''Among The Paths To Eden'' (1967)
* ''Behind Prison Walls'' (1972)
* ''Crimewatch'' (1973)

===Others===
* ''House of Flowers'' (1954)- musical
* ''In Cold Blood'' (1967)- the movie
* ''The Glass House'' (1972)
* ''Local Color'' (1950)- journalistic pieces
*''MARILYN MONROE: PHOTOGRAPHS'' 1945-1962, 1994

[[Image:Capote truman young.jpg|thumb|Truman Capote]]

==Biography==
Capote was born in New Orleans on September 30, 1924 to Archulus Persons and Lillie Mae Faulk (Persons) with his birth name being Truman Streckfus Persons. The name Streckfus derived from the Streckfus Company that his father was currently employed with. He was born in the Touro Infirmary. During that time his parents lived in the Monteleone Hotel in New Orleans (Long 133). He adopted the Capote surname when his mother divorced Archulus Persons and remarried Joe Capote. He had a difficult childhood with a great absence of love (Grobel 47). His mother committed suicide on January 4, 1954 by overdosing on [http://www.bankhead.net/BoozeAndDrugs/Drugs/seconal.html Seconal] (Clarke 64). Capote and his mother both admitted that she was not suited for motherhood. In the late 1970’s, Capote was treated for a drug and alcohol addiction and suffered from [http://muweb.millersville.edu/~muathtrn/trig-neu/Trigeminal_Neuralgia.htm tic doloroux] (Krebs). Capote had written a lot of [http://www.randomhouse.com/vintage/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679751823''Answered Prayers''] while under the influence of cocaine. He stopped abusing cocaine when he realized that it made him too nervous to continue writing (Grobel 221). Capote’s best friend growing up was his neighbor, Nelle Harper Lee, the author of ''To Kill a Mockingbird''. Lee based Dill Harris’s character upon Capote. Capote had previously based the character of Idabel Tompkins in [http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isdn=9780679643227 ''Other Voices, Other Rooms''] on Nelle Harper Lee. At the age of seventeen, Capote went to work for two years at ''The New Yorker''. During those two years he wrote his first unpublished novel,
[http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780812975932''Summer Crossing''] (Krebs).He died August 25, 1984 , in Los Angeles at Joanna Carson‘s home, previous wife of Johnny Carson (Krebs).

==Awards==
* 1946 - ''[[O. Henry]] Memorial Award'' - established in 1918 to be given to the best stories published in magazines - for the short story ''Miriam''.

==Timeline==
* 1924 - On September 30, Truman Streckfus was born in New Orleans, LA, to Lilie Mae Faulk and Archulus Persons.

* 1930 - He is left with elderly cousins in Monroeville, Alabama.

* 1931 - His mother and father (Arch Persons) divorce on November 9th and his mother moves to New York.

* 1932 - His mother marries Joe Capote and brings Truman to live in New York.

* 1935 - He is adopted by his stepfather on February 14th.

* 1939 - He and his family move to Greenwich, Connecticut, where he attends Greenwich High School.

* 1942 - After dropping out of a high school in Greenwich, CT, Capote went to work for ''The New Yorker.'' "He started out in the accounting department, was transfered to the art department where he catalogued cartoons and clipped newspapers, and then was moved up to write items for the column 'The Talk of the Town' (Garson 3). In the same year, at the age of seventeen, he got his first stories accepted for publication.

* 1946 - Capote was accepted into Yaddo, a writers’ colony in New York (Plimpton 51); won the ''O'Henry Award'' for the short story "Miriam".

* 1948 - The year Capote's first novel - ''[[Other Voices, Other Rooms]]'' - was published. Despite the opinions both in favor and agaisnt it, the novel became a success and it instantly brought fame to its author, who was then only in his early twenties.

* 1949 - ''[[A Tree of Night and Other Stories]]'' was published. Capote labels it as the beginning of the second cycle in his development as a writer.

* 1954 - The first important film work, a screenplay ''[[Beat the Devil]]'', was written in collaboration with John Huston, a Hollywood director.

* 1958 - Capote reader's most favorite story - ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'', which ended the ten-year period of the sencond cycle - was published.

* 1966 - ''[[In Cold Blood]]'' appeared in print. It was an innovative hybrid of journalistic fact and creative fiction. This novel marked the peak in Capote's career. Capote hosted a masked ball for approximately five hundred of his closest friends in New York at the Plaza Hotel.

* 1975 - He allowed ''Esquire'' magazine to print portions of his unfinished novel, ''Answered Prayers'' as an attempt to prove that he was healthy and not an alcoholic or drug addict.

* 1980 - Capote published the last work of his life entitled ''[[Music for Chameleons]]''.

* 1984 - The writer died in Bel-Air, CA, on August 25.

==Additional Reading about the Author==

*''Capote : A Biography'' by Gerald Clarke

*[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html PBS: Truman Capote]

*[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/LitRC?vrsn=3&OP=contains&locID=maco12153&srchtp=athr&ca=1&c=3&ste=6&tab=1&tbst=arp&ai=15706&n=10&docNum=H1100130000&ST=capote&bConts=16047#FurtherReadingsSection Truman Capote ]

*[http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=BIO002992&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1142957921_29363&area=ref&forward=critref_ft Truman Capote Biography]

*[http://www.capotebio.com Truman Capote Abstract]

==Works Cited==

[[Category:Literature]]
* Clarke, Gerald, ed. ''Too Brief a Treat: The Letters of Truman Capote''. New York: Random House, 2004.
* Garson, Helen S. ''Truman Capote.'' New York, Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 1980.
* Grobel, Lawrence. ''Conversations with Capote''. New York: New American Library. 1985.
* Krebs, Albin. “Truman Capote Is Dead at 59; Novelist of Style and Clarity.” ''New York Times'' 26 Aug. 1984, sec. L1+
* Liukkonen, Petri."Truman Capote".Litweb.[http://www.biblion.com/litweb/biogs/capote_truman.html Truman Capote] 19 March 2006
* Long, Judy. ''Literary New Orleans''. Georgia: Hill Street Press. 1999.
* Plimpton, George. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances, and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. 1997.
*P[limpton], G[eorge] A. (ed.).: [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com.ezproxy.maconstate.edu/searchFulltext.do?id=R01530960&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1142821811_490&area=abell&forward=critref_ft''Truman Capote, screenwriter: Beat the Devil'']. Paris Review (Flushing, NY) (38:138) [Spring 1996] , p.125.

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:58:10Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237

*http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html

*http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=BIO002992&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1142957921_29363&area=ref&forward=critref_ft

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 3

2006-03-22T15:57:40Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==

The day after Holly's party the narrator discovers that Mag Wildwood is still at Holly's apartment. He gets a strange Latin visitor looking for Mag, then sees the man carrying suitcases to the house. Later, the narrator hears Holly and Mag talking about the war. Holly tells about her brother being a soldier and how he's stupid. Mag is a proud American who is engaged to a Brazilian named Jose. Jose is a politician who wants to become the president of Brazil. Mag wants him to give up politics and live in America.

When the narrator goes down to check his mail, he notices that the card on Holly's box is changed to say that Miss Golightly and Miss Wildwood are now traveling together. In his box is a letter from a university review who wants to publish his story. He shows Holly, who advises him not to let them publish if they can't pay. Then, when she ses how excited he is about it, she decides to take him out to lunch and celebrate. As she gets ready, the narrator notices the packed suitcases and says that her room reminds him of a girl's gym. The whole time, Holly is talking about Mag and her engagement. She finally congratulates him on the story.

== Notes ==

*'''Totter''' (47)- To move unsteadily with a rocking motion.

*'''“Bully for him”''' (48)- An [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom idiom] used when something is said that a person does not think the other person deserves praise or admiration for.

*'''Indian summer day''' (48)-a period of sunny, warm weather in autumn, not long before winter that persist for a few days or weeks.

*'''Brazil''' (49)- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil Brazil] is a formal colony of Portugal, located in South America and is now the 5th largest country in the world.

*'''censoriously''' (49)- Tending to censure, harshly critical.

*'''Portuguese''' (49)- A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language Romance language] spoken mainly in Portugal and Brazil.

*'''conventional''' (50)- Ordinary; not unusual or extreme.

*'''argyles''' (51)- Knitted or woven socks in diamond shaped patterns of various colors.

*'''Complacently''' (51)- In a self-satisfied manner.

*'''Sun helmets''' (51)-a light-weight hat that is worn in tropical countries that protects one from the sun.

*'''Misconstrued''' (52)- To misinterpret or mistake the meaning of something.

== Commentary ==
One could suggest that Capote had his own life experiences in mind when writing ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s'' and that he is the [[narrator]]. He modeled the [[character]] of Holly Golightly after six women that he was intrigued with, which were Phoebe Pierce, Gloria Vanderbilt, Carol Marcus, Doris Lilly, Anky Larrabee, and Oona O’Neill (Clarke 64).

In 1964 Capote had written a letter to Alvin Dewey III admitting that Holly was indeed a real girl, but the incidences he writes about her are mostly fictional (Clarke 401). In his later years Capote admits “It’s too bad I don’t like going to bed with women” and further states that he loves attractive and beautiful women only as friends, not lovers (Clarke 93-94). This would explain the basis of how he molded the character of Holly and the relationship between her and the narrator which never becomes sexual.

The narrator is characterized as having his nose pressed against the glass and wanting to be on the inside staring out (Capote 48). In a conversation with Lawrence Grobel, Capote admits “yes, looking in, seeing something that he wanted to be inside of” (Grobel 88). This is indicative of Capote/the narrator being fascinated with the life style of Holly Golightly.

In Cash's critical analysis he states that Mag is a character who is introduced as having many similar characteristics to Holly. She is tall and attractive, but has a stutter problem. She is engaged to Jose, a Brazilian, and when she talks about her future relationship with him she makes the comment to Holly, "Better you than me (Capote 51)." Holly responds back, "Yes. Better me than you (Capote 51)." This indicates that Holly is attracted to Jose, maybe even more than Mag.

== Study Questions ==
#How is Mag on the verge of pneumonia?
#How does Holly describe her brother Fred?
#Why is the narrator charmed by the Latin (Jose)?
#Where is Jose from?
#What language is spoken in Brazil?
#What does Holly have to say about the letter the narrator receives from the university review regarding his story?
#Why does Holly suggest to the narrator that he not let a small university publish his work?
#Why does the narrator even tell Holly of the plans of the university to publish his story?
#Why does Mag think that it is a useless thing to be President of Brazil?
#How is Holly's room described?
#Why does Holly keep everything packed and ready to go as if she is running from authorities?
#Why does Holly accept Mag as a roommate?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237

*http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html

*http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=BIO002992&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1142957921_29363&area=ref&forward=critref_ft

== Works Cited ==
*Clarke, Gerald. ''Capote: A Biography''. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

*Grobel, Lawrence. ''Conversations With Capote''. New York: New American Library, 1985.

*Capote,Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Random House Inc., 1958.

*Cash, Matthew M. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/critiicalanalysis.html A-Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky. A Critical Analysis of ''Breakfast at Tiffany's.] 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 2|Section two]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 4|Section four]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 3

2006-03-22T15:55:02Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==

The day after Holly's party the narrator discovers that Mag Wildwood is still at Holly's apartment. He gets a strange Latin visitor looking for Mag, then sees the man carrying suitcases to the house. Later, the narrator hears Holly and Mag talking about the war. Holly tells about her brother being a soldier and how he's stupid. Mag is a proud American who is engaged to a Brazilian named Jose. Jose is a politician who wants to become the president of Brazil. Mag wants him to give up politics and live in America.

When the narrator goes down to check his mail, he notices that the card on Holly's box is changed to say that Miss Golightly and Miss Wildwood are now traveling together. In his box is a letter from a university review who wants to publish his story. He shows Holly, who advises him not to let them publish if they can't pay. Then, when she ses how excited he is about it, she decides to take him out to lunch and celebrate. As she gets ready, the narrator notices the packed suitcases and says that her room reminds him of a girl's gym. The whole time, Holly is talking about Mag and her engagement. She finally congratulates him on the story.

== Notes ==

*'''Totter''' (47)- To move unsteadily with a rocking motion.

*'''“Bully for him”''' (48)- An [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom idiom] used when something is said that a person does not think the other person deserves praise or admiration for.

*'''Indian summer day''' (48)-a period of sunny, warm weather in autumn, not long before winter that persist for a few days or weeks.

*'''Brazil''' (49)- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil Brazil] is a formal colony of Portugal, located in South America and is now the 5th largest country in the world.

*'''censoriously''' (49)- Tending to censure, harshly critical.

*'''Portuguese''' (49)- A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language Romance language] spoken mainly in Portugal and Brazil.

*'''conventional''' (50)- Ordinary; not unusual or extreme.

*'''argyles''' (51)- Knitted or woven socks in diamond shaped patterns of various colors.

*'''Complacently''' (51)- In a self-satisfied manner.

*'''Sun helmets''' (51)-a light-weight hat that is worn in tropical countries that protects one from the sun.

*'''Misconstrued''' (52)- To misinterpret or mistake the meaning of something.

== Commentary ==
One could suggest that Capote had his own life experiences in mind when writing ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s'' and that he is the [[narrator]]. He modeled the [[character]] of Holly Golightly after six women that he was intrigued with, which were Phoebe Pierce, Gloria Vanderbilt, Carol Marcus, Doris Lilly, Anky Larrabee, and Oona O’Neill (Clarke 64).

In 1964 Capote had written a letter to Alvin Dewey III admitting that Holly was indeed a real girl, but the incidences he writes about her are mostly fictional (Clarke 401). In his later years Capote admits “It’s too bad I don’t like going to bed with women” and further states that he loves attractive and beautiful women only as friends, not lovers (Clarke 93-94). This would explain the basis of how he molded the character of Holly and the relationship between her and the narrator which never becomes sexual.

The narrator is characterized as having his nose pressed against the glass and wanting to be on the inside staring out (Capote 48). In a conversation with Lawrence Grobel, Capote admits “yes, looking in, seeing something that he wanted to be inside of” (Grobel 88). This is indicative of Capote/the narrator being fascinated with the life style of Holly Golightly.

In Cash's critical analysis he states that Mag is a character who is introduced as having many similar characteristics to Holly. She is tall and attractive, but has a stutter problem. She is engaged to Jose, a Brazilian, and when she talks about her future relationship with him she makes the comment to Holly, "Better you than me (Capote 51)." Holly responds back, "Yes. Better me than you (Capote 51)." This indicates that Holly is attracted to Jose, maybe even more than Mag.

== Study Questions ==
#How is Mag on the verge of pneumonia?
#How does Holly describe her brother Fred?
#Why is the narrator charmed by the Latin (Jose)?
#Where is Jose from?
#What language is spoken in Brazil?
#What does Holly have to say about the letter the narrator receives from the university review regarding his story?
#Why does Holly suggest to the narrator that he not let a small university publish his work?
#Why does the narrator even tell Holly of the plans of the university to publish his story?
#Why does Mag think that it is a useless thing to be President of Brazil?
#How is Holly's room described?
#Why does Holly keep everything packed and ready to go as if she is running from authorities?
#Why does Holly accept Mag as a roommate?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237

*http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html

== Works Cited ==
*Clarke, Gerald. ''Capote: A Biography''. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

*Grobel, Lawrence. ''Conversations With Capote''. New York: New American Library, 1985.

*Capote,Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Random House Inc., 1958.

*Cash, Matthew M. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/critiicalanalysis.html A-Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky. A Critical Analysis of ''Breakfast at Tiffany's.] 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 2|Section two]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 4|Section four]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:54:23Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237

*http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/capote_t.html

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:53:24Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679600237

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:52:52Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:51:59Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

*http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:49:25Z

Rpugh: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-22T15:49:09Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview with “PM”, a newspaper that is now closed. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. This immediately triggers the infamous “mean reds”. After going through an emotional battle with himself on the train ride, he bought a paper and finished the headline. It ends up Rusty married Mag, not Holly!

When he reaches his apartment building, Madame Spanella is screaming for the police to come, and he hears a lot of noise coming from Holly’s apartment. The narrator goes and bangs on Holly’s door and everything seems to quiet down, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He tries to break it down, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiancé, arrives with a doctor. Jose opens the apartment door with his own key and the trio proceeds through it. They find the apartment in complete disarray. The cat is lapping up milk from the floor, and Holly is standing rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of someone, whom the narrator assumes is Rusty Trawler, but he later discovers it is actually of her brother, Fred. The doctor begins to soothe Holly and injects her with a sedative. Jose continuously asks the doctor if "her sickness is only grief" (78). With this question, the doctor kicks both Jose and the narrator out of the room. [[Image:Tiffanys_riceexplosion_scap.jpg|thumb|Holly Cooking ]]Out of anger, Jose kicks Madame Spanella out of the apartment and almost repeats this action with the narrator; instead, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink, which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Jose then shows the narrator the telegram that induced Holly’s tantrum. It is from Doc Golightly and says that Fred was killed in action. Because of this, Holly stops calling the narrator "Fred."

Jose moves in with Holly, replacing Mag as her roommate and Holly stops caring so much about her appearance. "Her hair darkened, she put on weight. She became rather careless about her clothes..." (80). However, the narrator describes her as seeming "more content, altogether happier than I'd ever seen her" (80). She buys cookbooks and starts learning how to make strange dishes while failing at cooking the most simple of recipes. She also begins learning Portuguese.

During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She says she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceaselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to...," Holly continues, "I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose begins to dislike Jose. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him."

One day, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims, "one day, one of those ships will bring me back, me and my nine Brazilin brats" (84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(84). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in dry-dock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (84).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has molded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression." [http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html (Kimbofo)] On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want." BaT "inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York and all over the country." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)] If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. [[Image:breakfast.gif|thumb|Holly]]These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony" [http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML (Prior)] that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early references to Holly's love life make strong references to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily." [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html (Cash)]

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why doesn't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself, Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. [[Image:Hollynfred.jpg|thumb|Holly and the Narrator ]]Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends- the narrator and Joe Bell- as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay" (Pugh) Depending on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphor. "So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I've lived"(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look alike. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spends most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also, like falling leaves, these memories seem to blow away, unable to be caught or held onto as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.
----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-21T15:14:17Z

Rpugh: /* About The Author */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's BaT begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds," as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are "too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is pursuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din coming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilely throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrence). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. Pugh writes, "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends-the narrator and Joe Bell-as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay." Dependig on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.
----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-21T15:12:15Z

Rpugh: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's BaT begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds," as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are "too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is pursuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din coming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

==About The Author==

Truman Capote was born in New Orleans on September 30, 1924. ( Stuff about his childhood) His first novel, ''Other Voices, Other Rooms'', was a huge success when it was published in 1948.

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. Pugh writes, "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends-the narrator and Joe Bell-as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay." Dependig on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.
----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-21T15:04:01Z

Rpugh: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him. Pugh writes, "...Capote describes Holly's two closest friends-the narrator and Joe Bell-as homosexuals, though he does so with such a delicate touch that many critics have failed to recognize these characters as gay." Dependig on Holly's perspective, her utter lack of feelings for the narrator, despite their intimacy, could have stemmed from a false assumption of his sexuality.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

*Pugh, Tison.: Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's.
Explicator (Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, Washington, DC) (61:1) [Fall 2002] , p.51-53.

*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast At Tiffany's''. New York: Random House, Inc, 1958.
----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-21T14:56:49Z

Rpugh: /* Works Cited */

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-21T14:56:21Z

Rpugh: /* Commentary */

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-21T14:52:50Z

Rpugh: /* Commentary */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her. On the other hand, she may have considered the narrator to be gay. She believed, "If a man doesn't like baseball, then he must like horses, and if he doesn't like either of them, well, I'm in trouble anyway: he don't like girls" (38). Holly found that the narrator did not care for either, so she may have believed that he was gay. If she did, her opinion of his sexuality would have explained her disinterest in him.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman that has gotten married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opinion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphor to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-20T17:41:42Z

Rpugh: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman who got married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opnion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphore to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-20T17:41:28Z

Rpugh: /* External Resources */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman who got married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opnion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphore to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==
*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Cash, Matthew M."A Travelin' Through Pastures In The Sky."
(1996). Critical Analysis. 19 March 2006.
<http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html>

*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-20T17:39:42Z

Rpugh: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman who got married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opnion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphore to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==
*Cash, Matthew M."A Travelin' Through Pastures In The Sky."
(1996). Critical Analysis. 19 March 2006.
<http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html>

*Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

*Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-20T17:38:57Z

Rpugh: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman who got married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opnion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphore to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==
Cash, Matthew M."A Travelin' Through Pastures In The Sky."
(1996). Critical Analysis. 19 March 2006.
<http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html>

Prior, Lily. "''Breakfast At Tiffany's'' Review."
18 March 2006.<http://www.jp41.dial.pipex.com/R735.HTML>

Kimbofo. "''At Breakfast Tiffany's'' Reviews."
''Reading Matters''. 17 January 2006. 18 March 2006.
<http://kimbofo.typepad.com/readingmatters/2006/01/breakfast_at_ti.html>

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-20T17:13:56Z

Rpugh: /* Study Questions */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "Breakfast At Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth" (74). The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interview. He immediately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dismissal are " too complicated to recount" (75). Secondly, he has reason to believe that his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He says, "The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate" (75). This causes his frustration to multiply because he cannot seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM,'' a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's roommate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, "She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!" (76). Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor (the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally soothe Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor (in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?" (78). Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have a drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hibernate. She ceases to talk about her brother (a once common occurrance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster." He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks leads to Holly's becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone, the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose" (82). The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose (more than he would like), begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as "Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen to those that are good" (83). Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me back, me and my nine Brazillion brats"(84). The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose, says "Do shut up"(85). He clearly felt left out, "like a tug boat in drydock while she, glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air" (85).

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

*'''Joss sticks''' (84) - Slender sticks of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense incense] burned before a Chinese image, idol, or shrine.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it (prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85). The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==
#Who is it that the narrator believes Holly has married?
#Combined with the city heat of the summer and fact that he hadn't seen Holly, what are the other two reasons the narrator wishes he "were under the wheels of the train"?
#Who turns out to be the woman who got married?
#What is Dr. Goldman's explanation for Holly's fit?
#What is the real reason for Holly's fit?
#Whose name replaces Mag Wildwood's on Holly's mailbox?
#Holly mentions something of importance to the narrator, while she is talking about her feelings for Jose. What is it?
#Holly says that she would rather have cancer than a what?
#In your opnion, how does Capote relate to the narrator in real life as far as his relationship with Holly?
#What name does Holly give the narrator after her brother dies?
#What kind of boat does the narrator relate himself to? What kind of boat does he picture Holly as?
#At the end of this section, the narrator uses a metaphore to explain his feelings. How does he feel about his last few days with Holly?

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-19T20:33:44Z

Rpugh: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "BreakfastAt Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth."(74) The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interwiew. He immidiately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dissmissal are " too complicated to recount."(75) Secondly, he has reason to believe that his his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He said, " The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate."(75) This causes his frustration to multiply because he can not seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM'', a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's room mate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, " She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!"(76) Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor( the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally sooth Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor(in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?"(78) Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hybernate to the narrator. She ceases to talk about her brother(a once common occourance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. She now re-dubs him "Buster". He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks led to Holly becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose."(82) The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose(more than he would like),begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as " Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen t0 those that are good."(83) Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me(Holly) back, me and my nine Brazillion brats."(84) The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose , says " Do shut up."(85) H e clearly felt left out;" like a tug boat in drydock while she(Holly), glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air."(85)

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it(prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85) The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-19T20:32:37Z

Rpugh:

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "BreakfastAt Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth."(74) The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interwiew. He immidiately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dissmissal are " too complicated to recount."(75) Secondly, he has reason to believe that his his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He said, " The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate."(75) This causes his frustration to multiply because he can not seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM'', a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's room mate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, " She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!"(76) Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor( the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally sooth Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor(in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?"(78) Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hybernate to the narrator. She ceases to talk about her brother(a once common occourance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks led to Holly becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose."(82) The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose(more than he would like),begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as " Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen t0 those that are good."(83) Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me(Holly) back, me and my nine Brazillion brats."(84) The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose , says " Do shut up."(85) H e clearly felt left out;" like a tug boat in drydock while she(Holly), glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air."(85)

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly." He describes this woman in such a way that you get the sense he has moulded her on someone that intrigued him, that held some allure or had an aura of mysticism that left a deep impression."(Kimbofo) On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once "party girl-about-town and exuberant phony"(Prior) that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it(prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85) The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-19T20:19:30Z

Rpugh:

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "BreakfastAt Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth."(74) The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interwiew. He immidiately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dissmissal are " too complicated to recount."(75) Secondly, he has reason to believe that his his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He said, " The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate."(75) This causes his frustration to multiply because he can not seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM'', a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's room mate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, " She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!"(76) Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor( the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally sooth Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor(in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?"(78) Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hybernate to the narrator. She ceases to talk about her brother(a once common occourance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks led to Holly becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose."(82) The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose(more than he would like),begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as " Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen t0 those that are good."(83) Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me(Holly) back, me and my nine Brazillion brats."(84) The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose , says " Do shut up."(85) H e clearly felt left out;" like a tug boat in drydock while she(Holly), glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air."(85)

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly. On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once beautiful, flamboyant woman that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. She does admit, though, that Jose is her first "non-rat" lover in her life. This is an easy statement to believe, as most early referances to Holly's love life make strong referances to prostitution. Taking men to the powder room and coming out with money, for example. She labels all of her past lovers "rats", but she forces herself to see an allure in them. "She feels that she has to if she is going to continue to make a living out of it(prostitution). And not only that, but she hopes to secure her financial future just as easily."(Cash)

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85) The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-19T20:13:40Z

Rpugh: /* Commentary */

== Summary ==
Section eight of Truman Capote's "BreakfastAt Tiffany's" begins with the title to a shocking newspaper clipping. It reads, "Trawler marries fourth."(74) The narrator reads this clip while riding the subway home from an unsuccessful job interwiew. He immidiately assumes that Rusty Trawler, a playboy that the narrator has come to loath, has taken Holly to be his fourth wife. His first wish after reading this portion of the article is to be underneath the wheels of the train. He justifies his wish by explaining the recent comings and goings in his life. His "mean reds", as he puts it, come from many places at once. First of all, he admits that he has been recently fired from his job. The details of his dissmissal are " too complicated to recount."(75) Secondly, he has reason to believe that his his draft board is persuing him in an effort to get him to join the military. He said, " The idea of entering another form of disciplined life made me desperate."(75) This causes his frustration to multiply because he can not seem to find a job. In fact his unfruitful interview with the ''PM'', a newspaper now closed down, is what he is returning from at the beginning of this section. Most obviously, he believes that Holly has married a man that he completely detests. His mounting jealousy causes him to admit that he does, in fact, love Holly. He also notes that his love for Holly is an identical love that he has experienced with an elderly colored cook and an entire family, probably friends, that he knew when he was younger. Upon reaching the station, he breaks down to his curiosity and buys a paper in order to read the entire article. Much to his surprise, Rusty did not marry Holly! He married Holly's room mate Mag Wildwood. His excitement that Holly is not married to Rusty causes his legs to shake so badly that he must ride a cab home instead of walking.

The surprises seem to keep coming for the narrator when he finally reaches his apartment building. Madame Spanella is screaming in fear for the police to come. The narrator also notes quite a din comming from a higher floor. Madame Spanella raves, " She is killing somebody! Somebody is killing her!"(76) Instead of going for help the narrator bounds up the steps to the source of the noises which is, of course, Holly's door. After pounding the door with a fist, the noises subside, but no matter how many times he calls, Holly will not come to the door. He futilly throws himself at the door, trying to break in, until Jose Ybarra-Jager, Mag Wildwood's ex-fiance, arrives on the scene followed by a doctor. The narrator crossly notes that Jose opens the door to the apartment with his own key. Following the other two men inside, the narrator finds the apartment in disarray, the cat lapping up milk from the floor( the milk was spilled in the fray), and Holly standing, rigid on the bed. She is muttering an incoherrent description of her brother, Fred. The doctor quickly begins to vocally sooth Holly as well as injecting her with a sedative. Jose continues asking the doctor(in bad English) if "Her only sickness is grief?"(78) Annoyed with Jose's questions, he forcefully ejects the other two men from the room. Jose, in anger, chases the snooping Madame Spanella out of the room, and he almost repeats this action with the narrator. In the end though, Jose invites the narrator to sit with him and have drink which happens to be the only bottle that survived Holly's rampage. Through conversation, the narrator learns that all Jose is worried about is how people might think that he caused Holly to have such a terrible fit. Jose is a politician, and he is afraid of being defaced. Later, Jose finds a telegram on the floor that explains Holly's tantrum. The telegram is a message from Doc, Holly's husband, sent to inform Holly of her brother's death in the war.

After that day, Holly seems to hybernate to the narrator. She ceases to talk about her brother(a once common occourance). She also stops calling the narrator Fred. He observes that Holly's hair gets darker and she puts on a lot of weight. On a positive note, Holly becomes quite a home maker. She purchases many classy items to decorate her apartment such as: tapestries, Gothic arm chairs, and several other ambiance producing items. Furthermore, the purchase of cookbooks led to Holly becoming a very good cook. Oddly enough though, she could only cook delecacies. When she tries to scramble eggs, she simply burns them.

Jose, being a diplomat, works in Washington D.C. three days out of the week. While he is gone the narrator and Holly meet to go on walks or to go out to dinner. During a conversation, the narrator learns that Holly is six weeks pregnant. She then rambles on about how she wants to have nine children with Jose, and ceraselessly talks about how much she looks forward to moving with Jose to Rio. In fact the only regret that Holly mentions is that she wishes that she could have been a virgin for Jose. She insists that she is in love with Jose, but she seems to find a fault in every habit that Jose has. She even says that Jose is not her idea of a perfect man. "If I were free to,..." Holly continues, " I would not pick Jose."(82) The narrator, after hearing so much about Jose(more than he would like),begins to dislike Jose very much. He even stops saying Jose's name while he is speaking to Holly and simply refers to Jose as " Him." Holly moves to a different subject and talks about giving up her horoscopes. She believes that this is an example of a good deed. She thinks that " good things happen t0 those that are good."(83) Later, on an outing, Holly observes ships sailing by and exclaims," one day, one of those ships would bring me(Holly) back, me and my nine Brazillion brats."(84) The narrator, tired of hearing about her "brats" and Jose , says " Do shut up."(85) H e clearly felt left out;" like a tug boat in drydock while she(Holly), glittery voyager of secure destination, steamed down the harbor with whistles whistling and confetti in the air."(85)

== Notes ==
*'''"The now defunct newspaper, ''PM''"''' (75) - A left-wing daily newspaper in New York City, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_%28newspaper%29 ''PM''] stood for "Picture Magazine," since it borrowed so many pictures from other newsmagazines. The newspaper began in 1940 and was published until 1948 when it was replaced by the ''New York Star''.

*'''"A Parke-Bernet Auction"''' (80) - Parke-Bernet is the United States's largest fine-arts auctioneer, purchased by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s Sotheby's] in 1964.

*'''William Randolph Hearst''' (80) - An American newspaper [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst magnate] who invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism "yellow journalism"] and waas a leader of the liberal wing of the Democratic party from 1896 to 1935.

*'''Modern Library''' (80) - A division of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Randolph House Publishers]. Founded in 1917, it identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books."

*'''Metropolitan Museum''' (80) - One of the world's largest and most important [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum art museums], located in Manhattan, New York.

*'''Waring mixer''' (80) - [http://www.waringproducts.com Waring] is a leading manufacturer of small appliances for the home, food service, and laboratory industries.

*'''Hausfrau''' (80) - Translated from German to English, "housewife."

*'''Outré''' (81) - Highly unconventional; eccentric or bizarre.

*'''Terrapin''' (81) - An [http://images.google.com/images?q=terrapin&hl=en amphibious reptile turtle] that can live in the water and on land.

*'''"Nero-ish novelties"''' (81) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero Nero] was the fifth and last emperor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome Rome].

*'''Pomegranates and persimmons''' (81) - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranates Pomegranate], or ''Punica granatum'', is a species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree. Holly uses the fruit in her roasted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant pheasant]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmons persimmon], meaning "dry fruit," is an edible fruit borne by some species of the genus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros ''Diospyros''].

*'''Linguaphone records''' (81) - Founded in 1901, [http://www.linguaphoneusa.com/ Linguaphone] is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaphone company] that helps people learn foreign languages, especially through self-learning courses.

*'''Nehru''' (82) - An important leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement Indian Independence Movement] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress Indian National Congress]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru Nehru] became the first Prime Minister of India when the country won its independence on August 15, 1947.

*'''Wendell Willkie''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie lawyer] and the Republican nominee in the 1940 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt.

*'''Garbo''' (83) - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo Greta Garbo] was a Swedish actress who was highly successful in silent films, as well as in those with sound.

*'''Fado''' (83) - A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado music genre] believed to have originated in Portugal in the 1820s. The genre is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

== Commentary ==
Capote seems to have known someone in his life that he loved as much as the narrator loves Holly. On the other hand, he may have intended to spark a female movement of freedom to do what they want."''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' inspired women to pack their bags and seek their fortunes in New York all over the country."(Cash)If this was his goal, then he certainly achieved it! In any case, he portrays very well his anguish upon "learning" that Holly has married Rusty. These emotions of desire, love, jealousy, and lonliness really seem to resonate throughout this section. The narrator, despite knowing that Holly is not yet married, watches mournfully as Holly is converted into an expecting mother of six weeks by Jose. Holly also mentions Jose in almost every conversation. The once beautiful, flamboyant woman that he knew becomes a mostly content stay-at-home-wife.

The main turning point, it seems, in Holly's rebellious ways is the death of her brother, Fred. Fred represented her willingness to run up to this point in the novella. His death, like the death of Holly's freedom, is violent and sudden as Jose converts her into a house wife. Furthermore, Holly mourns her brother's death as much as she seems to subconsiously pine for her old ways of travel. In her conversations with the narrator, she seems unresolved with the idea of spending the rest of her life with Jose. Yes, she wishes to spend time with him, but she finds so many faults in him. She even tells the narrator that she would not choose to be with Jose if she had the ability to go back in time. Obviously she is trying to convince herself that she ''is'' in love with Jose because now she is pregnant. She continues to repeat over and over again that she loves him. QQQQQQQQQQQQQ

This stage of the story is one of the narrator's last chances to tell Holly how he really feels. So why dosen't he? More than likely, he has noticed the pattern that Holly has presented with her other relationships. Every time a man tries to keep her for himself,Holly simply runs away. The narrator, knowing that trying to tie her down will end in failure, assumes that acting indifferent will result in Holly staying as close to him as possible for a longer period of time. Though his "plan" seems to work for a time, the narrator could not forsee Holly's drastic change into a housewife resulting from pregnancy. The narrator's reaction to Holly's new condition is easily pitiful. He simply sinks into a pool and drowns in his own self pity. This self pity may even be the result of future events with Holly. After all, ''he'' has never tried to sweep Holly off her feet. She may have simply been testing the narrator to see whether or not he really loved her.

Regardless of her true intentions, this section ends with the narrator giving a wonderful metaphore." So the days, the last days, blow about in memory...all alike as leaves..."(84-85) The narrator's final days with Holly are described as falling leaves before winter. One has seen leaves before, but they all seem the same. Rarely does any one leaf stand out in memory. One can only remember falling leaves look like. The narrator feels the same way about his final days with Holly. He can tell little difference between them, and he spent most of the time with her worrying about the time that she would be away from him. Also like falling leaves, these memories seemed to blow away, unable to be caught to hold on to as a keepsake.

== Study Questions ==

== External Resources ==

== Works Cited ==

----
[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-19T03:24:29Z

Rpugh:

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8

2006-03-19T03:16:14Z

Rpugh:

Hubris

2006-02-14T16:56:51Z

Rpugh:

The Greeks saw hubris as an "overweening presumption suggesting impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe"(Merriam-Webster). In other words, hubris, or ''hybris'', is an excessive sense of pride in a human being. These humans often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. Roger Fowler defines ''hubris'' as " a man's denial of his own mortality" (198). Indeed it seems that the only way for a person to obtain such pride is to loose all sense of fear for their own wellbeing. After all, if a person has no fear at all, then they have a perfect pride in themselves, and in some ways, may even believe that they are perfect. "''Hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolance' or 'affront'" (Baldick 260). Baldick continues, " Thus, ''hubris'' is the pride that comes before the fall" (260). Eventhough an overpowering sense of pride is healthy for one's self esteem, such pride could be considered insolance, or a negative trait, by others.

''Hubris'' is probably best defined through tragedy( generally, a play ending in death). " Aristotle attributes ''hamartia''(tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic hero"(Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). In the case of a tragedey, ''hubris'' is often the tragic flaw that causes the downfall of a hero. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, the gods would become offended by a man that believed in himself too much. Therefore, they would torture him with unfortunate events that would eventually lead to his demise. ''Hubris'', at times, can also be a mistake. " In other plays, it(''hubris'') is merely a misstep, such as a choice that turns out badly" (Barnett-Berman-Burto 112). For example, in Shakespere's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth kills Duncan in order to improve his life. In reality, the exact opposite happens, and Macbeth slowly spirals through a chain of events into despair.

==Works Cited==
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Hubris.Ed. Merriam-Webster.''Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature'' 1995.[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/LitRC?vrsn=3&locID=maco12153&srchtp=kywrd&c=1&stab=2097152&ste=107&tab=32&tbst=ksrch&n=10&KA=hubris&docNum=H1480004599&bConts=2363047].

Excessive pride. With its origin in Greece, it is said to be the “overweening presumption suggesting impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe” (EB). In Greek [[tragedy]], this sin tends to serve as the “tragic flaw” of the protagonist, on occasion resulting in his downfall. An example occurs in the Persians of Aeschylus, with the character of Xerxes. His pride is revealed when he “flaunts nature by turning sea into land” with the act of “building a bridge of ships across the Hellespont” (EB). The “crushing defeat of the Persians at Salamis” serves as his punishment for his arrogance (EB). The protagonist’s ''hubris'' is more understated in most other Greek tragedies.

“A kind of high-flown insolence” (OED). According to the author of an article on academic ''hubris'', it is defined “as looking out of a high turret in an ivory tower and being unable to see the ground because of the clouds” (252). He asserts “that ''hubris'' runs rampant in academia” due to those who are high in power seeing themselves as morally superior over those who “toil in the kitchen” (252). His article focuses on the manifestation of academic ''hubris'' in the pediatric field.

==Works Cited==
*"hubris." ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 13 Feb. 2006 [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9041378]
*"hubris." '' Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. 1989. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 13 Feb. 2006 [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50108840?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=hubris&first=1&max_to_show=10]
*"Acedemic Hubris." ''Pediatrics''. 1986. Vol. 77. 13 Feb. 2006 [http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=4734064]

Hubris

2006-02-14T16:44:14Z

Rpugh:

"In classical Greek ethical and religious thought, overweening presumption suggesting impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe"(Merriam-Webster). In other words, hubris, or ''hybris'', is an excessive sense of pride in a human being. They often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. Roger Fowler defines ''hubris'' as " a man's denial of his own mortality"(198). "''Hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolance' or 'affront'" (Baldick 260). Baldick continues, " Thus, ''hubris'' is the pride that comes before the fall (260)."

''Hubris'' is probably best defined through tragedy( generally, a play ending in death). " Aristotle attributes ''hamartia''(tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic hero(Barnett-Berman-Burto 112)." In the case of a tragedey, ''hubris'' is often the tragic flaw that causes the downfall of a hero. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, the gods would become offended by a man that believed in himself too much. Therefore, they would torture him with unfortunate events that would eventually lead to his demise. ''Hubris'', at times, can also be a mistake. " In other plays, it(''hubris'') is merely a misstep, such as a choice that turns out badly(Barnett-Berman-Burto 112)." For example, in Shakespere's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth kills Duncan in order to improve his life. In reality, the exact opposite happens, and Macbeth slowly spirals through a chain of events into despair.

==Works Cited==
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Hubris.Ed. Merriam-Webster.''Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature'' 1995.[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/LitRC?vrsn=3&locID=maco12153&srchtp=kywrd&c=1&stab=2097152&ste=107&tab=32&tbst=ksrch&n=10&KA=hubris&docNum=H1480004599&bConts=2363047].

Excessive pride. With its origin in Greece, it is said to be the “overweening presumption suggesting impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe” (EB). In Greek [[tragedy]], this sin tends to serve as the “tragic flaw” of the protagonist, on occasion resulting in his downfall. An example occurs in the Persians of Aeschylus, with the character of Xerxes. His pride is revealed when he “flaunts nature by turning sea into land” with the act of “building a bridge of ships across the Hellespont” (EB). The “crushing defeat of the Persians at Salamis” serves as his punishment for his arrogance (EB). The protagonist’s ''hubris'' is more understated in most other Greek tragedies.

“A kind of high-flown insolence” (OED). According to the author of an article on academic ''hubris'', it is defined “as looking out of a high turret in an ivory tower and being unable to see the ground because of the clouds” (252). He asserts “that ''hubris'' runs rampant in academia” due to those who are high in power seeing themselves as morally superior over those who “toil in the kitchen” (252). His article focuses on the manifestation of academic ''hubris'' in the pediatric field.

==Works Cited==
*"hubris." ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 13 Feb. 2006 [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9041378]
*"hubris." '' Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. 1989. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 13 Feb. 2006 [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50108840?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=hubris&first=1&max_to_show=10]
*"Acedemic Hubris." ''Pediatrics''. 1986. Vol. 77. 13 Feb. 2006 [http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=4734064]

Hubris

2006-02-14T00:47:27Z

Rpugh:

"In classical Greek ethical and religious thought, overweening presumption suggesting impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe.(Merriam-Webster)" In other words, hubris, or ''hybris'', is an excessive sense of pride in a human being. They often believe that they can accomplish more than the universe itself will allow. Roger Fowler defines ''hubris'' as " a man's denial of his own mortality(p.198)." "''Hubris'' is the Greek word for 'insolance' or 'affront'(Baldick p.260)." Baldick continues, " Thus, ''hubris'' is the pride that comes before the fall(p.260)."

''Hubris'' is probably best defined through tragedy( generally, a play ending in death). " Aristotle attributes ''hamartia''(tragic flaw or shortcoming) to the tragic hero(Barnett-Berman-Burto p.112)." In the case of a tragedey, ''hubris'' is often the tragic flaw that causes the downfall of a hero. In the most famous examples, the Greek tragedies, the gods would become offended by a man that believed in himself too much. Therefore, they would torture him with unfortunate events that would eventually lead to his demise. ''Hubris'', at times, can also be a mistake. " In other plays, it(''hubris'') is merely a misstep, such as a choice that turns out badly(Barnett-Berman-Burto p.112)." For example, in Shakespere's ''Macbeth'', Macbeth kills Duncan in order to improve his life. In reality, the exact opposite happens, and Macbeth slowly spirals through a chain of events into despair.

==Works Cited==
*Barnett,Sylvan, Morton Berman, and William Burto. ''A Dictionairy of Literary, Dramatic, and Cinematic Terms''. 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company(Inc.) 1971.
*Fowler,Roger ed.''A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms''. Rouletage & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1973.
*Baldick, Chris. from ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 260 p. [http://lionreference.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R00792748&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1139527324_19169&trailId=108B6A61A91&area=ref&forward=critref_ft]
*Hubris.Ed. Merriam-Webster.''Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature'' 1995.[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/LitRC?vrsn=3&locID=maco12153&srchtp=kywrd&c=1&stab=2097152&ste=107&tab=32&tbst=ksrch&n=10&KA=hubris&docNum=H1480004599&bConts=2363047].