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https://litwiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=JoshakaPlacide LitWiki - User contributions [en] 2026-04-29T01:40:00Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=Can_a_sentence_begin_with_%E2%80%9Cand%E2%80%9D_or_%E2%80%9Cbut%E2%80%9D%3F&diff=14037 Can a sentence begin with “and” or “but”? 2013-11-22T02:17:30Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A long-held tradition of stickler English teachers, the great sin of beginning a sentence with "and" or "but" is, in fact, not a sin at all. To consider why this myth has persisted, we must first look at what "and" and "but" are -- conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions, to be exact.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinating Conjunctions==<br /> A coordinating conjunction joins elements of a sentence that are equally important. (Soanes)<br /> <br /> ===Example===<br /> :The cat was black and white.<br /> <br /> <br>In this example, "black" and "white" are both adjectives joined by the coordinating conjunction, "and". And, as you might have noticed over time, coordinating conjunctions tend to be placed ''within'' a sentence -- the possible root of why so many grammarians and teachers seek to stop their use at the beginning of a sentence. However, there is no strict rule for keeping these coordinating conjunctions detained to the inside of sentences.<br /> <br /> ==Usage==<br /> While there is no real rule against using "and" or "but" at the start of a sentence, you should still be careful about its overuse. The reason to use these words is for emphasis and dramatic effect -- not mere convenience.<br /> <br /> ===Example===<br /> :Bob was having a bad day. And it was about to get worse.<br /> <br /> <br>Creating a second sentence, in this example, adds more emphasis to that sentence. Thus, the usage of "and" or "but" at the beginning should only be done as a stylistic consideration and overuse should be avoided, lest you deflate the importance of such breaks.<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource/457<br /> * http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/nonerrors.html<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> # Soanes, Catherine "Grammar myths #2: please miss, can I start a sentence with a conjunction?" OxfordWords Blog. 5 Jan. 2012 <http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2012/01/can-i-start-a-sentence-with-a-conjunction/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category:Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=Composition_FAQ&diff=14018 Composition FAQ 2013-11-19T18:44:35Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to the English Composition Writing FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions). This FAQ addresses difficulties that many new writers have with mechanics, style, content, and structure. While meant for the new college writer, even experienced writers may benefit from some of the answers to the following questions.<br /> <br /> Comments and questions should be forwarded to the FAQ’s Editor. If you have a question, feel free to send it to me, or link it below and hopefully someone will answer it in due time. Please check back frequently if your questions have not yet been answered. If you have a submission — an answer to a question — please include it below. Anyone wishing to submit content to the FAQ is strongly encouraged to do so. Any questions in red have not been answered; click on one to answer it. Please follow the [[Composition FAQ Guidelines]].<br /> <br /> == Initial Questions ==<br /> * [[How do I get started writing?]]<br /> * [[What questions do I need to ask as a writer?]]<br /> <br /> == Content Questions ==<br /> * [[How does a “topic” differ from a “subject”?]]<br /> * [[What is a strong subject for an essay?]]<br /> * [[What is meant by “purpose” in an essay?]]<br /> * [[What is “audience”?]]<br /> * [[What is a “thesis statement”?]]<br /> * [[What is “interesting detail” and how do I use it?]]<br /> * [[What is “development” or “support”?]]<br /> * [[Where do I go for essay subject ideas?]]<br /> * [[What is a strong title and how do I write one?]]<br /> * [[Are there different types of essays?]]<br /> <br /> == Mechanics and Grammar Questions ==<br /> === General ===<br /> * [[What is the difference between possessives and plurals?]]<br /> <br /> === Sentences ===<br /> * [[What is a sentence?]]<br /> * [[What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?]]<br /> * [[What is an independent clause?]]<br /> * [[What is a “run-on” sentence?]]<br /> * [[What is a “sentence fragment”?]]<br /> * [[What is “subject/verb agreement”?]]<br /> * [[What is “pronoun/antecedent agreement”?]]<br /> * [[What are “coordinating conjunctions”?]]<br /> * [[What are “subordinating conjunctions”?]]<br /> * [[What are “conjunctive adverbs”?]]<br /> * [[What is a dangling participle?]]<br /> * [[Can a sentence begin with “and” or “but”?]]<br /> * [[What is the difference between a direct object and an indirect object?]]<br /> * [[What is an “objective complement”?]]<br /> * [[What is parallel structure?]]<br /> <br /> === Punctuation ===<br /> * [[What is the correct way to use punctuation with quotation marks?]]<br /> * [[How do you usually punctuate conjunctive adverbs?]]<br /> * [[What is an ellipsis and how do you use one correctly?]]<br /> <br /> ==== Commas ====<br /> * [[How do I know when I need to use a comma?]]<br /> * [[Does an introductory clause or phrase need a comma after it?]]<br /> * [[What is a “comma splice”?]]<br /> * [[Is a comma really necessary after the last element in a list of three or more?]]<br /> <br /> ==== Semicolons ====<br /> * [[How do you use a semicolon?]]<br /> * [[What's the difference between a semicolon and a comma?]]<br /> <br /> == Structural Questions ==<br /> * [[What is a “thesis statement” and how do I write a strong one?]]<br /> * [[What are some guidelines for writing a thesis?]]<br /> * [[What is a “topic sentence”?]]<br /> * [[How does an “opening sentence” differ from a “topic sentence”?]]<br /> * [[How do I write a strong title?]]<br /> * [[How do I write a strong introduction?]]<br /> * [[What is the “body” of an essay?]]<br /> * [[How do I write a strong conclusion?]]<br /> * [[What is “unity”?]]<br /> * [[What is “point of view”?]]<br /> * [[How should an essay be organized?]]<br /> * [[How do I get the ideas from my head to the paper?]]<br /> * [[What are “transitions”?]]<br /> * [[How do I present titles of poems, novels, etc. in my essay?|How do I present titles of other works in my essay?]]<br /> <br /> == Stylistic Questions ==<br /> * [[What is “tone”?]]<br /> * [[What is wrong with “it”?]]<br /> * [[Why is the pronoun “this” ambiguous?]]<br /> * [[What is the “passive voice”?]]<br /> * [[What is “word choice”?]]<br /> * [[What is an “awkward sentence”?]]<br /> * [[What is “redundancy”?]]<br /> * [[What is “wordiness”?]]<br /> * [[What is “hyperbole”?]]<br /> * [[When is something “clichéd” or “trite”?]]<br /> * [[How can my writing be more persuasive?]]<br /> <br /> == Writing About Literature ==<br /> * [[What tense do I use when writing about literature?]]<br /> * [[How do I present titles of poems, novels, etc. in my essay?]]<br /> * [[In what ways can I write about literature?]]<br /> * [[How do I organize a critical essay about literature?]]<br /> * [[What are some basic guidelines for approaching literature critically?]]<br /> <br /> == Online Writing ==<br /> * [[How does online writing differ from traditional writing?]]<br /> * [[What types of online writing are there?]]<br /> * [[What are the unique components of online writing?]]<br /> * [[What is multimedia?]]<br /> * [[How and when do I use images?]]<br /> * [[How does research and citation differ when writing online?]]<br /> <br /> ===Blogs===<br /> * [[What is a blog?]]<br /> * [[How does a blog differ from a traditional essay?]]<br /> * [[How does a blog differ from a wiki?]]<br /> * [[How do I write on a blog?]]<br /> <br /> ===Wikis===<br /> * [[What is a wiki?]]<br /> * [[How does a wiki differ from a traditional essay?]]<br /> * [[How does a wiki differ from a blog?]]<br /> * [[How do I write on a wiki?]]<br /> <br /> ===Podcasts===<br /> * [[What is a podcast?]]<br /> <br /> ===Vodcasts===<br /> * [[What is a vodcast?]]<br /> <br /> == Research Questions ==<br /> * [[Research? What research!?]]<br /> * [[How do I go about doing a research paper?]]<br /> * [[What are good sources to cite?]]<br /> * [[What is MLA documentation style?]]<br /> * [[How does research and citation differ when writing online?]]<br /> <br /> == Revision and Editing ==<br /> * [[How about some general writing tips?]]<br /> * [[Editing? Proofreading? Revision?]]<br /> * [[What are some basic editing strategies for new writers?]]<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [http://writingcenter.gmu.edu/ Geroge Mason University’s Writing Center] — Some excellent resources for writers and ESL. <br /> * [http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab] — A great site for tutorials, workshops, study materials, and more.<br /> * [http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/ University of Ottawa’s Writing Centre] — Check out [http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/grammar.html Hypergrammar] and their other writing resources.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13970 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:24:42Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* MP4 AVC */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used. However, the USB versions do require drivers which may not be available for the operating system on which it is used. The mini-jack 3.5mm will work on every operating system as well as most tablets and smartphones with a line-in or microphone port.<br /> <br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based.<ref>http://bluemic.com/snowball/</ref> Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Collaborative Video==<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Software==<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Formats==<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ===Open Source===<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> <br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software.<ref>http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/MOV-Movie-QuickTime-for-Microsoft-Windows</ref> MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mpeg-2</ref><br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mp2</ref><br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> <br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/divx_new</ref><br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mpeg_4_part_10</ref><br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> The current standard for television and High Definition video created by consumer-grade cameras and software.<ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions.<ref>http://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/the-changing-shape-of-cinema-the-history-of-aspect-ratio/</ref> The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at praegnanz.de made a great [http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ HTML5 video player comparison table] which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13969 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:23:21Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* MP4/DivX */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used. However, the USB versions do require drivers which may not be available for the operating system on which it is used. The mini-jack 3.5mm will work on every operating system as well as most tablets and smartphones with a line-in or microphone port.<br /> <br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based.<ref>http://bluemic.com/snowball/</ref> Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Collaborative Video==<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Software==<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Formats==<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ===Open Source===<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> <br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software.<ref>http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/MOV-Movie-QuickTime-for-Microsoft-Windows</ref> MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mpeg-2</ref><br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mp2</ref><br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> <br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/divx_new</ref><br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> The current standard for television and High Definition video created by consumer-grade cameras and software.<ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions.<ref>http://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/the-changing-shape-of-cinema-the-history-of-aspect-ratio/</ref> The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at praegnanz.de made a great [http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ HTML5 video player comparison table] which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13968 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:22:19Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* MP2 */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used. However, the USB versions do require drivers which may not be available for the operating system on which it is used. The mini-jack 3.5mm will work on every operating system as well as most tablets and smartphones with a line-in or microphone port.<br /> <br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based.<ref>http://bluemic.com/snowball/</ref> Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Collaborative Video==<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Software==<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Formats==<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ===Open Source===<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> <br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software.<ref>http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/MOV-Movie-QuickTime-for-Microsoft-Windows</ref> MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mpeg-2</ref><br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mp2</ref><br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> <br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> The current standard for television and High Definition video created by consumer-grade cameras and software.<ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions.<ref>http://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/the-changing-shape-of-cinema-the-history-of-aspect-ratio/</ref> The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at praegnanz.de made a great [http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ HTML5 video player comparison table] which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13966 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:21:21Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* MOV */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used. However, the USB versions do require drivers which may not be available for the operating system on which it is used. The mini-jack 3.5mm will work on every operating system as well as most tablets and smartphones with a line-in or microphone port.<br /> <br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based.<ref>http://bluemic.com/snowball/</ref> Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Collaborative Video==<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Software==<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Formats==<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ===Open Source===<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> <br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software.<ref>http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/MOV-Movie-QuickTime-for-Microsoft-Windows</ref> MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mp2</ref><br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> <br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> The current standard for television and High Definition video created by consumer-grade cameras and software.<ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions.<ref>http://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/the-changing-shape-of-cinema-the-history-of-aspect-ratio/</ref> The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at praegnanz.de made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13962 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:18:26Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used. However, the USB versions do require drivers which may not be available for the operating system on which it is used. The mini-jack 3.5mm will work on every operating system as well as most tablets and smartphones with a line-in or microphone port.<br /> <br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based.<ref>http://bluemic.com/snowball/</ref> Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Collaborative Video==<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Software==<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Formats==<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ===Open Source===<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> <br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<ref>http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/mp2</ref><br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> <br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> The current standard for television and High Definition video created by consumer-grade cameras and software.<ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13944 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:09:27Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* Examples */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used. However, the USB versions do require drivers which may not be available for the operating system on which it is used. The mini-jack 3.5mm will work on every operating system as well as most tablets and smartphones with a line-in or microphone port.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based.<ref>http://bluemic.com/snowball/</ref> Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13941 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:07:59Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: /* Stand Alone Microphones */</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections.<ref>http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/b8dd84773f83092c/</ref> And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13940 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T05:05:26Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<ref>http://webcam-review.toptenreviews.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different form factors: headsets and stand alone. Microphones are also grouped into two types: unidirectional and omnidirectional. Unidirectional picks up sound from a small, focused area whereas an omnidirectional picks up sound from every direction.<br /> <br /> Microphone sensitivity, or gain, is measured in dB, or decibels.<ref>http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-the-sensitivity-rating-of-a-microphone</ref> <br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case.<br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts]<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref> a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html</ref> Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<ref>http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/index.html</ref><br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview</ref><ref>http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/</ref><ref>http://www.apple.com/quicktime/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps].<ref>http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html</ref><ref>http://www.fraps.com/</ref> Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments.<ref>http://www.justin.tv/</ref><ref>http://www.twitch.tv/</ref> Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/codecs-frequently-asked-questions#codecs-frequently-asked-questions=windows-7</ref><br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<ref>http://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13933 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:52:32Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical. Transfer of data between the camcorder and computer may be a bit more cumbersome than a webcam, but there are a few different ways to go about doing it: via firewire port and cable, through an analog video capture card, or by USB.<ref>http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/camcorder/connect-camcorder-to-computer.html</ref><br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer (internally or externally).<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/using-webcam</ref> The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much).<ref>http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/directional-characteristics.html</ref> This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<ref>http://www.evaer.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing, and is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/projects.html</ref><br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<ref>http://www.mirovideoconverter.com/</ref><br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<ref>http://www.matroska.org/</ref><ref>http://www.webmproject.org/</ref><ref>http://www.jwplayer.com/html5/#media_formats</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<ref>http://www.3gpp.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318187%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</ref> This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<ref>http://www.divx.com/‎</ref><br /> <br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIVX</ref><br /> <br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13921 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:41:12Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====DivX=====<br /> A competitive codec to MPEG-4.<br /> NOTE: Not to be confused with the DIVX disc player system, from which it originally got its name.<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> Also known as H.264. It is the current MPEG standard for High Definition video. See MP4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4/DivX=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<ref>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff819508%28v=VS.85%29.aspx</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish a vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships<ref>https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/creator-benefits.html</ref> can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.<ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13917 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:34:52Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning. Vodcasts are useful for a variety of reasons, such as giving lectures, presentations or even essays.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13916 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:26:44Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads. And, for the serious, professional filmmakers, there is Vimeo PRO<ref>http://vimeo.com/pro</ref> that adds even more features and a yearly cost of US$200.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13915 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:22:51Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called Vimeo Plus<ref>http://vimeo.com/plus</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13914 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:21:46Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg video container format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. Vimeo also offers a paid-for service called <ref>[http://vimeo.com/plus Vimeo Plus]</ref> that enables the user to have more control over their videos and allows more HD uploads.<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13912 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:18:29Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube] is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> [https://vimeo.com/ Vimeo] is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. <br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13911 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T04:17:13Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro Video Converter=====<br /> Miro Video Converter is a free, open-source video converter software available for Windows and Mac operating systems. It is known as a 'front-end' for FFMPEG. In other words, it is a graphical user interface designed to create commands which are given to FFMPEG which does the actual conversion work.<br /> <br /> Many converters, including some famous and infamous commercial software, are front-ends for FFMPEG.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<ref>http://www.theora.org/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ======H.264 Software======<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> <br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MP2=====<br /> MPEG-2 is the video format most commonly associated with DVDs, and has been superseded by MPEG-4.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====MPEG-1 Audio Layer / MPEG-2 Audio Layer / MPEG-3 Audio Layer=====<br /> Audio compression formats. Of the three, the MP3 is the most common and well-known.<br /> MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the group responsible for setting motion picture industry standards.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> MPEG-4 is the most recent MPEG video standard, encompassing newer HD standards.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> Aspect Ratio is an important criterion to consider. There are two primary ratios, 4:3 and 16:9. The current standard is 16:9, or 'widescreen'.<ref>http://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/chapter_4_section_4.html</ref> There are other less-used ratios, primarily used in film.<ref>http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/video-aspect-ratios</ref><br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> One of the first steps in publishing a video is getting it onto the internet. If running a server and doing self-hosting is not your thing, there are several different websites that will host your videos for free, or by having advertising run alongside them. Two popular examples of this type of website are YouTube and Vimeo.<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> Perhaps one of the best known video-sharing websites, YouTube is currently owned by Google and allows users to upload their videos to the site for free. Users that verify their accounts or are eligible for YouTube Partnerships can gain access to additional features, such as custom thumbnails.<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> Video is another popular video-sharing service, with a bit more focus towards filmmakers. One of the primary differences between Vimeo and YouTube is that Vimeo has a more stringent list of unacceptable content. <br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13894 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T03:49:10Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13893 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T03:48:15Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymoloty==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> Most webcams come with their own software on CDs that is installed alongside the drivers. But there are other options available. For Windows users there is [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-live/movie-maker#t1=overview Windows Movie Maker] that allows the capture of webcam footage and some general editing -- all for free. Windows users can also use [http://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/ Debut Video Capture Software] from NCH Software for free, provided the video is used non-commercially. Lastly, Mac users can capture webcam footage using [http://www.apple.com/quicktime/ Apple's QuickTime Player].<br /> <br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> Transcoding, or Converting, is taking a file of one format and creating a duplicate file in another format. The terms are, for all practical purposes, interchangeable.<br /> <br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> HandBrake is a free, open-source project and software that transcodes / converts video files from one format to another. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.<ref>http://handbrake.fr/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> The following softwares and libraries are open-source, and most are free.<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> OGV is the open-source Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska forms the basis for the High Definition open-source formats of MKV, MKV3D, and the HTML5 standard format WebM.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> The primary format of cellphone videos. They often are low quality, low resolution, and low frame-rate.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF / Flash=====<br /> The well-known Flash video formats. The FLV is the actual video file, while the SWF is a player 'wrapped' around, or 'containing' a FLV video. Adobe, the current owner of the Flash platform, has acknowledged that Flash is deprecated and will be superseded by HTML5.<ref>http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html</ref><ref>http://www.mikechambers.com/blog/2011/11/11/clarifications-on-flash-player-for-mobile-browsers-the-flash-platform-and-the-future-of-flash/</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> MOV files are the default format of the Apple QuickTime software. MOV files may be encoded with either H.264 or MPEG-4 codecs.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> WMV is a Windows Media: Video format from Microsoft, and is the primary file format for Windows Media Player. Somewhat widely, but not universally, supported. Not recommended for use for large audiences with unknown platforms.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> <ref>http://www.projectorcentral.com/build_home_theater_screen_aspect_ratio.htm</ref><br /> <br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> This is the size, or ratio, of 20th century televisions. The aspect ratio of 4:3 is slightly rectangular but much more box-shaped than widescreen formats. Many older camcorders and webcams output to the 4:3 ratio.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13876 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T03:24:58Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymoloty==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Collaborative Video===<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Google+ Hangouts====<br /> The video chat service from Google, Google+ Hangouts, offers a unique suite of features and apps that help facilitate and enhance the vodcast experience, especially when in a group. The service allows the operator of the Hangout to select individual video feeds, livestream the Hangout via Hangouts On Air, open a Q&A that allows watchers to submit questions that the operator can choose to have the group answer or not, and immediate upload of the Hangout to YouTube after the broadcast has ended. Hangouts also offer features to the individual users of the Hangout, like the Lower Third bar that acts as a nameplate to help easily identify the participants.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which FFMPEG is found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is a multi-functional tool. It is used for capturing, recording, processing, transcoding and converting, and editing. <br /> <br /> FFMPEG is open-source and can be downloaded from ffmpeg.org<ref>http://www.ffmpeg.org/</ref><br /> <br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> This is the Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size. It is open source.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Theora====<br /> An open-source video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation. It can handle nearly any size video, from very small to High Definition.<br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> Audio Video Interleave: A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software. This is considered a "raw" format, and provides the largest file size. This is NOT suitable for network-based video. It IS suitable as an archive format and editing format.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====FLV / SWF=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Flash Video====<br /> Used by Adobe Flash Player.<br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13869 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T03:07:09Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymoloty==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Game Capture====<br /> A popular form of vodcast these days involves the capture of video game footage with the player's audio. There are two main pieces of software that specialize in this form of capture: [http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html Dxtory] and [http://www.fraps.com/ Fraps]. Both of these programs capture footage in a lossless format and at varying frame rates. It is recommended that a separate hard disk be used in conjunction with the software, as the recording can be very resource intensive and the file outputs are typically quite large.<br /> <br /> ====Streaming====<br /> A form of vodcasting that is gaining in popularity. Streaming is done live, as opposed to being recorded, and works much like live television programs. Users stream their video to certain web-based video platforms, like [http://www.justin.tv/ Justin.tv] or [http://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch] where viewers can watch it live and interact with the streamer via text-based comments. Two popular pieces of software that are designed for streaming are [http://obsproject.com/index Open Broadcaster Software] and [https://www.xsplit.com/ XSplit]. <br /> <br /> ====Capturing Group Video====<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which it can be found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> This is the Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size. It is open source.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Theora====<br /> A video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation.<br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Audio Video Interleave====<br /> A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<br /> =====FLV / SWF=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Flash Video====<br /> Used by Adobe Flash Player.<br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13866 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T02:49:18Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymoloty==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Capturing Group Video====<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter Software====<br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> FFMPEG is the backbone to dozens of multimedia applications, from recording, to transcoding, to editing. The software in which it can be found ranges from free to hundreds, and even thousands, of dollars.<br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> This is the Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size. It is open source.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Theora====<br /> A video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation.<br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Audio Video Interleave====<br /> A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<br /> =====FLV / SWF=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Flash Video====<br /> Used by Adobe Flash Player.<br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]<br /> ==TEST AREA==<br /> <br /> Testing.</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13863 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T02:46:05Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymoloty==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Capturing Group Video====<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter====<br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> This is the Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size. It is open source.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Theora====<br /> A video compression format created by the Xiph.Org Foundation.<br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Audio Video Interleave====<br /> A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<br /> =====FLV / SWF=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Flash Video====<br /> Used by Adobe Flash Player.<br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison Table=====<br /> The folks at http://praegnanz.de/html5video/ made a great HTML5 video player comparison table which includes demonstrations of each listed player.<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> <br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13860 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-15T01:43:54Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability. The legacy term "vidcast" has the same meaning.<br /> <br /> ==Etymoloty==<br /> Vodcast is a portmanteau of Video iPod Broadcast, and extends from the portmanteau Podcast using the same roots. Vidcast, previously, was also a portmanteau of Video Broadcast. However, the success of the podcast format lent itself to the video format.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Structure==<br /> Just like other videos and films, the typical linear structure is as follows: <br /> * Titles<br /> * Intro<br /> * Topic(s)<br /> ** Topic Supports<br /> * Summary / Recap<br /> * Conclusion<br /> * Outro<br /> * Credits / End Titles<br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> Software is needed for the capturing, editing, transcoding or converting, and playback of the video and audio. The five primary operating systems, Windows; OSX; Linux; Android; and iOS, each have a number of open-source and proprietary softwares for each of these operations.<br /> <br /> The capture, or recording, software determines the initial format of the video. Using a webcam often has its own software to save the video in a predetermined format and size to the local harddrive, and usually has the ability to upload the video to a service provider such as YouTube or create a stand-alone video for uploading to a web server or even on physical media such as DVD or CD.<br /> <br /> ====Webcam Recording Software====<br /> ====Screencast / Desktop Recording====<br /> =====CamStudio=====<br /> CamStudio is an open-source software for recording a desktop screencast.<ref>http://camstudio.org/</ref> Resulting videos are saved in AVI format, and CamStudio offers export to a stand-alone SWF Flash file.<br /> <br /> ====Capturing Group Video====<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Video Editing====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ====Codecs====<br /> Codec is a portmanteau word created from encode-decode. A codec encodes and decodes data to a particular type or format. In multimedia, codecs are responsible for software being able to create, play, and transcode video and audio.<br /> <br /> There are numerous codecs available. For example, the screen recording software CamStudio offers an open-source lossless codec. Each of the formats listed on this page have corresponding codecs.<br /> <br /> ====Transcoding / Converter====<br /> =====FFMPEG=====<br /> =====Handbrake=====<br /> =====Miro=====<br /> <br /> ===Formats===<br /> Different platforms handle various formats differently through the use of codecs. Most players handle most types of formats; a few handle all known formats or can import codecs.<br /> ====Open Source====<br /> =====OGV=====<br /> This is the Ogg-Vorbis format maintained by the XIPH.ORG group. It features a high-quality playback with a small file size. It is open source.<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> =====Theora=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WebM / MKV / MKV3D=====<br /> Matroska<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ====Proprietary====<br /> =====3GP / 3G2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====AVI=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Audio Video Interleave====<br /> A multimedia container created by Microsoft for use with their Video for Windows software.<br /> =====FLV / SWF=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====Flash Video====<br /> Used by Adobe Flash Player.<br /> =====H.264=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====MOV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====QuickTime File Format====<br /> Best known for its use with Apple's QuickTime player. The QuickTime container is similar to the MP4 container.<br /> =====MP2=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II====<br /> An audio compression format.<br /> =====MP4=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> ====MP4 AVC====<br /> Also known as H.264. This is the most common format used for High Definition video.<br /> =====Software=====<br /> x264 codec and software<ref>http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html</ref><br /> ======Examples======<br /> =====WMV=====<br /> ======Examples======<br /> <br /> ==Preparing Video for Distribution==<br /> ===Size===<br /> ====HD / Widescreen====<br /> =====Ratio 16:9=====<br /> * Modern Television<br /> ====Standard Definition====<br /> =====Ratio 4:3=====<br /> * Legacy Television<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> There are many ways to publish your vodcast, including services such as YouTube and Vimeo. Other options include using your own web hosting and video player such as JWPlayer.<br /> ===Internet===<br /> ====YouTube====<br /> ====Vimeo====<br /> ===Self Publishing===<br /> ====FlowPlayer====<br /> FlowPlayer is a free, customizable, feature-rich player with support for HTML5 or Flash, depending on version.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/</ref> FlowPlayer also offers brandable player licenses for a fee.<ref>http://flowplayer.org/download/</ref><br /> <br /> ====HTML5====<br /> =====Video Player Comparison=====<br /> http://praegnanz.de/html5video/<ref>http://praegnanz.de/html5video/</ref><br /> ====JWPlayer====<br /> ====MediaElement.js====<br /> MediaElement.js is a free player with support for H.264/MP4 AVC, WebM, FLV, MP3, WMV, and YouTube.<ref>http://mediaelementjs.com/</ref> It also is the core support for audio and video in WordPress.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ====VIDEO.JS====<br /> VIDEO.JS is a free, open-source, skinnable, and customizable player that supports HTML5.><ref>http://www.videojs.com/</ref><br /> <br /> ====WordPress====<br /> Starting with version 3.6 WordPress offers built-in audio and video support using MediaElement.js.<ref>http://make.wordpress.org/core/2013/04/08/audio-video-support-in-core/</ref><br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <references/><br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13783 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-14T16:21:56Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Format==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> The software needed for recording will most likely revolve around the formatting of the recorded video. However, if you decide to use a webcam you will also need software to capture the video to your computer's hard disk. Thankfully, most webcams come with their own software that can handle this.<br /> <br /> ====Capturing Group Video====<br /> Vodcasting does not have to be a solo experience. Using such services as [http://www.skype.com/en/ Skype] or [https://plus.google.com/ Google+ Hangouts] a group can create a vodcast together remotely, over the internet. In the case of Google+ Hangouts', the Hangout can be recorded automatically without the need for further editing or software. Skype, on the other hand, does require a separate program like [http://www.evaer.com/ Evaer] to record the video and audio of the Skype call, which can then be edited in a different program.<br /> <br /> ====Editing Video====<br /> With the exception of the Google+ Hangouts, most video will require some editing before it can be published. To aid in this endeavor are a variety of programs that can fully edit a video, like [http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/moviestudiope Sony's Movie Studio], [http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere-elements.html Adobe Premier Elements], or [http://www.apple.com/finalcutpro/ Apple's Final Cut Pro X]. If you feel your video does not need the full editing treatment and you just wish to compress it down for uploading, there are free programs around to help with that, like [http://handbrake.fr/ Handbrake] that can convert and compress a video so it will be accepted by the various internet video publishing platforms, like YouTube.<br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13782 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-14T15:59:59Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Format==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but video quality can differ greatly.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded. Microphones tend to come in two different varieties: headsets and stand alone.<br /> <br /> =====Headsets=====<br /> This type of microphone is usually attached to a pair of headphones and worn on the users head, allowing the microphone to be fixed a short distance from the speaker's mouth. The price of headsets varies greatly, though they are often very affordable. The audio quality, like the price, also varies greatly with the more expensive headsets providing clearer audio. Also of note are the two types of connectors used by headsets to connect to computers: USB and 3.5mm. There is typically not much difference between these two, unless a separate sound card is being used (which will typically warrant using 3.5mm).<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those looking for headsets will likely spend a decent bit of time sorting through the options available. A headset like the [http://www.amazon.com/Plantronics-Audio-478-Stereo-Headset/dp/B005VAORH6/ref=sr_1_4?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443137&sr=1-4&keywords=headset Plantronics Audio 478] is on the cheaper end and uses a USB connection, while the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-G230-Stereo-Gaming-Headset/dp/B00BFOEY4I/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443583&sr=1-5&keywords=headset Logitech G230] uses 3.5mm and is a bit more expensive. Different headsets also include different features, like in-line sound controls, noise cancelling, and folding or removable mics, among others.<br /> <br /> =====Stand Alone Microphones=====<br /> These microphones are, as the heading implies, by themselves and tend to focus on having higher audio quality. These are the microphones that people who tend to do a lot of podcasting, vodcasting, or other recording-based activity will favor. While there is a wide range of prices and qualities available, they do tend to be a bit higher in both than headsets, though lacking the built-in speakers and wear-ability of the headsets. Microphones also have various means of connecting to a computer or other audio equipment, but, for the purposes of general vodcasting, a USB connection will most likely be used. One feature to look out for when purchasing a microphone is a cardioid polar pattern which, basically, just means that the microphone picks up noise coming from the front and not from the sides or back (or not as much). This helps create a cleaner audio sample, especially if the recording environment is a bit noisy.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in a stand alone microphone will find a variety of shapes and sizes, qualities and prices to choose from. For a more traditional and affordable approach, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100-USB-Cardioid-Dynamic-Microphone/dp/B004QJOZS4/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443863&sr=1-1&keywords=atr-2100 Audio-Technica ATR2100] that uses USB or XLR connections. And for something a bit different, and a bit more expensive, there is the [http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Microphones-Snowball-Microphone-Aluminum/dp/B002OO333Q/ref=sr_1_24?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1384443826&sr=1-24&keywords=microphone Blue Microphones Snowball] that is also USB based. Both of the example microphones do come with their own stands and USB cables, though it is important to note that this may not always be the case. <br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> The software needed for recording will most likely revolve around the formatting of the recorded video, however if you decide to use a webcam you will also need software to capture the video to your computer's hard disk. Thankfully, most webcams come with their own software that can do this. <br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13780 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-14T14:43:38Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Format==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ====Camcorders====<br /> Camcorders are handheld electronic devices that specialize in recording video. As one of the more expensive pieces of equipment, the camcorders do provide some of the highest potential quality for video capture, as well as audio capture with internal microphones or attachments. Camcorders can be bought for a little under US$200 and up into the thousands of dollars. Camcorders often also require batteries, memory cards (or disks), as well as more optional pieces of equipment like tripods that can add additional costs. It should be noted that one of the advantages of a camcorder is their ease of use in many different environments where computers with webcams may be more cumbersome or impractical.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in camcorders can find a range of devices like the [http://www.amazon.com/Sony-HDR-CX190-Definition-Handycam-Camcorder/dp/B006K551HQ/ref=sr_1_3?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-3 Sony HDR CX190] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Kodak-PlaySport-Waterproof-Pocket-Camera/dp/B004FLL5BI/ref=sr_1_9?s=photo&ie=UTF8&qid=1384438248&sr=1-9 Kodak PlaySport] which vary in size, shape and features -- such as being waterproof.<br /> <br /> ====Webcams====<br /> Webcams are video capture devices that are used in conjunction with a computer that often provides the webcam with power and a hard disk to save any recorded video onto. The cheapest video capture option of the two presented here, webcams can be purchased for under US$20. Many webcams offer high-definition recording (720p+) and have built-in microphones to record audio. These days many laptops will come with integrated webcams, allowing the owner to start vodcasting or doing video calls nearly immediately. While being very affordable, they do have the disadvantages of not being as versatile in their potential recording environments or not being quite as high quality as camcorders.<br /> <br /> ======Examples======<br /> Those interested in using a webcam can find a wide variety of products in an equally wide range of prices, like the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-960-000585-HD-Webcam-C310/dp/B003LVZO8S/ref=sr_1_1?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439418&sr=1-1&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Webcam 310] or the [http://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Webcam-Widescreen-Calling-Recording/dp/B006JH8T3S/ref=sr_1_3?s=pc&ie=UTF8&qid=1384439796&sr=1-3&keywords=webcam Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920]. The feature list tends to be a bit smaller than that of camcorders, but there is the difference in quality of the video recorded.<br /> <br /> ====Microphones====<br /> While many webcams do have integrated microphones, you may wish to purchase a separate microphone in order to increase the quality of the audio being recorded.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> The software needed for recording will most likely revolve around the formatting of the recorded video, however if you decide to use a webcam you will also need software to capture the video to your computer's hard disk. Thankfully, most webcams come with their own software that can do this. <br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=What_is_a_vodcast%3F&diff=13776 What is a vodcast? 2013-11-14T07:55:52Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: Created page with "A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. A..."</p> <hr /> <div>A vodcast, simply put, is a podcast with video content or video files created with the intent of sharing and downloading the video file to other computers or mobile devices. As technology continues to improve and become cheaper, this media format increases in popularity and availability.<br /> <br /> ==Vodcast Format==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Recording==<br /> A vodcast can be recorded in many different ways. Regardless of the method used, however, various types of equipment and software are typically needed.<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> At the least, some method of video and audio capture is required to produce a vodcast. This could be done using a handheld video recorder or a webcam and microphone. The decision of which to use is important as they will both have different software options available to them.<br /> <br /> ===Software===<br /> The software needed for recording will most likely revolve around the formatting of the recorded video, however if you decide to use a webcam you will also need software to capture the video to your computer's hard disk. Thankfully, most webcams come with their own software that can do this. <br /> <br /> ==Publishing==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> [[Composition FAQ]]<br /> [[Category : Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=Can_a_sentence_begin_with_%E2%80%9Cand%E2%80%9D_or_%E2%80%9Cbut%E2%80%9D%3F&diff=13619 Can a sentence begin with “and” or “but”? 2013-11-07T20:20:41Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: </p> <hr /> <div>A long-held tradition of stickler English teachers, the great sin of beginning a sentence with "and" or "but" is, in fact, not a sin at all. To consider why this myth has persisted, we must first look at what "and" and "but" are -- conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions, to be exact.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinating Conjunctions==<br /> A coordinating conjunction joins elements of a sentence that are equally important. (Soanes)<br /> <br /> ===Example===<br /> :The cat was black and white.<br /> <br /> <br>In this example, "black" and "white" are both adjectives joined by the coordinating conjunction, "and". And, as you might have noticed over time, coordinating conjunctions tend to be placed ''within'' a sentence -- the possible root of why so many grammarians and teachers seek to stop their use at the beginning of a sentence. However, there is no strict rule for keeping these coordinating conjunctions detained to the inside of sentences.<br /> <br /> ==Usage==<br /> While there is no real rule against using "and" or "but" at the start of a sentence, you should still be careful about its overuse. The reason to use these words is for emphasis and dramatic effect -- not mere convenience.<br /> <br /> ===Example===<br /> :Bob was having a bad day. And it was about to get worse.<br /> <br /> <br>Creating a second sentence, in this example, adds more emphasis to that sentence. Thus, the usage of "and" or "but" at the beginning should only be done as a stylistic consideration and overuse should be avoided, lest you deflate the importance of such breaks.<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource/457<br /> * http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/nonerrors.html<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> # Soanes, Catherine "Grammar myths #2: please miss, can I start a sentence with a conjunction?" OxfordWords Blog. 5 Jan. 2012 <http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2012/01/can-i-start-a-sentence-with-a-conjunction/><br /> <br /> [[Category:Composition]]</div>

JoshakaPlacide https://litwiki.org/index.php?title=Can_a_sentence_begin_with_%E2%80%9Cand%E2%80%9D_or_%E2%80%9Cbut%E2%80%9D%3F&diff=13614 Can a sentence begin with “and” or “but”? 2013-11-07T18:11:51Z

<p>JoshakaPlacide: Created page with "A long-held tradition of stickler English teachers, the great sin of beginning a sentence with "and" or "but" is, in fact, not a sin at all. To consider why this myth has pers..."</p> <hr /> <div>A long-held tradition of stickler English teachers, the great sin of beginning a sentence with "and" or "but" is, in fact, not a sin at all. To consider why this myth has persisted, we must first look at what "and" and "but" are -- conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions, to be exact.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinating Conjunctions==<br /> A coordinating conjunction joins elements of a sentence that are equally important. (Soanes)<br /> <br /> ===Example===<br /> :The cat was black and white.<br /> <br /> <br>In this example, "black" and "white" are both adjectives joined by the coordinating conjunction, "and". And, as you might have noticed over time, coordinating conjunctions tend to be placed ''within'' a sentence -- the possible root of why so many grammarians and teachers seek to stop their use at the beginning of a sentence. However, there is no strict rule for keeping these coordinating conjunctions detained to the inside of sentences.<br /> <br /> ==Usage==<br /> While there is no real rule against using "and" or "but" at the start of a sentence, you should still be careful about its overuse. The reason to use these words is for emphasis and dramatic effect -- not mere convenience.<br /> <br /> ===Example===<br /> :Bob was having a bad day. And it was about to get worse.<br /> <br /> <br>Creating a second sentence, in this example, adds more emphasis to that sentence. Thus, the usage of "and" or "but" at the beginning should only be done as a stylistic consideration and overuse should be avoided, lest you deflate the importance of such breaks.<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource/457<br /> * http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/nonerrors.html<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> # Soanes, Catherine "Grammar myths #2: please miss, can I start a sentence with a conjunction?" OxfordWords Blog. 5 Jan. 2012 <http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2012/01/can-i-start-a-sentence-with-a-conjunction/></div>

JoshakaPlacide