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What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-07T15:37:23Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

APA documentation style, also known as APA format, provides a standard system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. APA, which stands for American Psychological Association, is used primarily in the social sciences to document sources.

== Basic APA Style ==
The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last name and the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation.

There are three options for placing citations in APA format: idea-focused, researcher-focused, and chronology-focused.
Idea-focused:
Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or at the end of a sentence.

Example:

Researchers have studied how children represent mathematical problems (Alibali, Phillips, &
Fischer, 2009; Siegler, 1976).

Researcher-focused:
Place only the date in parentheses.
Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer (2009) asked, “Did the participants adopt the taught strategies?”
(p. 96).
Chronology-focused:
Integrate both the author and date into your sentence.

Example:

In 2009 Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer reported that third- and fourth-grade students improved their problem representation when they were taught the equalize strategy but did not improve their problem representation when they were taught the add-subtract strategy.

Citing Sources:
Within a paragraph, omit the year in citations after the first one if no confusion with other studies will result.
Example:
Fisher (1999) administered a questionnaire . . . Fisher's results indicated . . .
[new paragraph] The questionnaire administered by Fisher (1999) was used by . . .

Sources with 1 or 2 authors:
Cite name(s) in first and all subsequent citations

Example:

(Carter & Dunbar-Odom, 2009)
Carter and Dunbar-Odom (2009)

=== Endnotes ===

== Works Cited Page ==
There are many rules about basic formatting for books. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Examples are not double-spaced, but your References list should be double-spaced. Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented.
=== Citing Books ===
The most basic entry for a book consists of the author's name, year of publication, the title of the book, publisher city, and the publisher name.

'''Basic Rules for Books''': Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.

For a book written by two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."

=== Book Examples ===
'''Cite Book''': Sternberg, E. (2000). Just business: Business ethics in action (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

'''Edited Book, No Author''': Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

'''Edited Book with an Author and Authors''': Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

=== Citing Articles ===
'''Basic Rules for Articles''': Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
=== Article Examples ===
'''Articles in Journal Paginated by Volume''': Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

'''Articles in a Magazine''': Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

'''Article in a Newspaper''': Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

== Citing Websites ==
The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), page title, website title, date accessed, and the web address.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Last Name''', '''First'''. '''Page Title'''. '''Website Title'''. Retrieved '''Date Accessed''', from '''Web Address'''.

When citing an entire Web site (and not a specific document on that site), no Reference List entry is required if the address for the site is cited in the text of your paper. For content that does not easily fit into categories such as journal papers and books, keep in mind the goal of a citation is to give the reader a clear path to the source. For electronic and online materials, include stable URL or database name. Include the author, title, and date published when available. For undated materials, include the date the resource was accessed. [https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa]

=== Website Examples ===
When citing a webpage in APA style, it has similar rules to citing a book. The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

For a page with two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J., & Doe, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

After the author names are listed, include in parentheses the publication date. List the year first, followed by a comma, and then the month and day. Place a period outside of the parentheses. In some cases, a specific date might not be available, and the date published may only be specific to a month or even year. Provide whatever date information is available.

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

'''Citing an Entire Website'''

Ex: Witchcraft in Europe and America is a site that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of witchcraft and demonology (http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/)

'''Citing a Professional Website'''

Ex: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008). Biofuels. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-07T15:36:31Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

APA documentation style, also known as APA format, provides a standard system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. APA, which stands for American Psychological Association, is used primarily in the social sciences to document sources.

== Basic APA Style ==
The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last name and the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation.

There are three options for placing citations in APA format: idea-focused, researcher-focused, and chronology-focused.
Idea-focused:
Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or at the end of a sentence.
Example:
Researchers have studied how children represent mathematical problems (Alibali, Phillips, &
Fischer, 2009; Siegler, 1976).
Researcher-focused:
Place only the date in parentheses.
Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer (2009) asked, “Did the participants adopt the taught strategies?”
(p. 96).
Chronology-focused:
Integrate both the author and date into your sentence.
Example:
In 2009 Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer reported that third- and fourth-grade students improved their problem representation when they were taught the equalize strategy but did not improve their problem representation when they were taught the add-subtract strategy.

Citing Sources:
Within a paragraph, omit the year in citations after the first one if no confusion with other studies will result.
Example:
Fisher (1999) administered a questionnaire . . . Fisher's results indicated . . .
[new paragraph] The questionnaire administered by Fisher (1999) was used by . . .

Sources with 1 or 2 authors:
Cite name(s) in first and all subsequent citations

Example:

(Carter & Dunbar-Odom, 2009)
Carter and Dunbar-Odom (2009)

=== Endnotes ===

== Works Cited Page ==
There are many rules about basic formatting for books. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Examples are not double-spaced, but your References list should be double-spaced. Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented.
=== Citing Books ===
The most basic entry for a book consists of the author's name, year of publication, the title of the book, publisher city, and the publisher name.

'''Basic Rules for Books''': Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.

For a book written by two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."

=== Book Examples ===
'''Cite Book''': Sternberg, E. (2000). Just business: Business ethics in action (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

'''Edited Book, No Author''': Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

'''Edited Book with an Author and Authors''': Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

=== Citing Articles ===
'''Basic Rules for Articles''': Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
=== Article Examples ===
'''Articles in Journal Paginated by Volume''': Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

'''Articles in a Magazine''': Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

'''Article in a Newspaper''': Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

== Citing Websites ==
The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), page title, website title, date accessed, and the web address.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Last Name''', '''First'''. '''Page Title'''. '''Website Title'''. Retrieved '''Date Accessed''', from '''Web Address'''.

When citing an entire Web site (and not a specific document on that site), no Reference List entry is required if the address for the site is cited in the text of your paper. For content that does not easily fit into categories such as journal papers and books, keep in mind the goal of a citation is to give the reader a clear path to the source. For electronic and online materials, include stable URL or database name. Include the author, title, and date published when available. For undated materials, include the date the resource was accessed. [https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa]

=== Website Examples ===
When citing a webpage in APA style, it has similar rules to citing a book. The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

For a page with two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J., & Doe, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

After the author names are listed, include in parentheses the publication date. List the year first, followed by a comma, and then the month and day. Place a period outside of the parentheses. In some cases, a specific date might not be available, and the date published may only be specific to a month or even year. Provide whatever date information is available.

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

'''Citing an Entire Website'''

Ex: Witchcraft in Europe and America is a site that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of witchcraft and demonology (http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/)

'''Citing a Professional Website'''

Ex: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008). Biofuels. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-07T15:36:09Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

APA documentation style, also known as APA format, provides a standard system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. APA, which stands for American Psychological Association, is used primarily in the social sciences to document sources.

== Basic APA Style ==
The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last name and the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation.

There are three options for placing citations in APA format: idea-focused, researcher-focused, and chronology-focused.
Idea-focused:
Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or at the end of a sentence.
Example:
Researchers have studied how children represent mathematical problems (Alibali, Phillips, &
Fischer, 2009; Siegler, 1976).
Researcher-focused:
Place only the date in parentheses.
Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer (2009) asked, “Did the participants adopt the taught strategies?”
(p. 96).
Chronology-focused:
Integrate both the author and date into your sentence.
Example:
In 2009 Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer reported that third- and fourth-grade students improved their problem representation when they were taught the equalize strategy but did not improve their problem representation when they were taught the add-subtract strategy.

Citing Sources:
Within a paragraph, omit the year in citations after the first one if no confusion with other studies will result.
Example:
Fisher (1999) administered a questionnaire . . . Fisher's results indicated . . .
[new paragraph] The questionnaire administered by Fisher (1999) was used by . . .

Sources with 1 or 2 authors:
Cite name(s) in first and all subsequent citations
Example:

(Carter & Dunbar-Odom, 2009)
Carter and Dunbar-Odom (2009)

=== Endnotes ===

== Works Cited Page ==
There are many rules about basic formatting for books. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Examples are not double-spaced, but your References list should be double-spaced. Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented.
=== Citing Books ===
The most basic entry for a book consists of the author's name, year of publication, the title of the book, publisher city, and the publisher name.

'''Basic Rules for Books''': Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.

For a book written by two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."

=== Book Examples ===
'''Cite Book''': Sternberg, E. (2000). Just business: Business ethics in action (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

'''Edited Book, No Author''': Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

'''Edited Book with an Author and Authors''': Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

=== Citing Articles ===
'''Basic Rules for Articles''': Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
=== Article Examples ===
'''Articles in Journal Paginated by Volume''': Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

'''Articles in a Magazine''': Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

'''Article in a Newspaper''': Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

== Citing Websites ==
The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), page title, website title, date accessed, and the web address.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Last Name''', '''First'''. '''Page Title'''. '''Website Title'''. Retrieved '''Date Accessed''', from '''Web Address'''.

When citing an entire Web site (and not a specific document on that site), no Reference List entry is required if the address for the site is cited in the text of your paper. For content that does not easily fit into categories such as journal papers and books, keep in mind the goal of a citation is to give the reader a clear path to the source. For electronic and online materials, include stable URL or database name. Include the author, title, and date published when available. For undated materials, include the date the resource was accessed. [https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa]

=== Website Examples ===
When citing a webpage in APA style, it has similar rules to citing a book. The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

For a page with two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J., & Doe, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

After the author names are listed, include in parentheses the publication date. List the year first, followed by a comma, and then the month and day. Place a period outside of the parentheses. In some cases, a specific date might not be available, and the date published may only be specific to a month or even year. Provide whatever date information is available.

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

'''Citing an Entire Website'''

Ex: Witchcraft in Europe and America is a site that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of witchcraft and demonology (http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/)

'''Citing a Professional Website'''

Ex: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008). Biofuels. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-07T15:35:40Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

APA documentation style, also known as APA format, provides a standard system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. APA, which stands for American Psychological Association, is used primarily in the social sciences to document sources.

== Basic APA Style ==
The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last name and the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation.

There are three options for placing citations in APA format: idea-focused, researcher-focused, and chronology-focused.
Idea-focused:
Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or at the end of a sentence.
Example:
Researchers have studied how children represent mathematical problems (Alibali, Phillips, &
Fischer, 2009; Siegler, 1976).
Researcher-focused:
Place only the date in parentheses.
Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer (2009) asked, “Did the participants adopt the taught strategies?”
(p. 96).
Chronology-focused:
Integrate both the author and date into your sentence.
Example:
In 2009 Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer reported that third- and fourth-grade students improved their problem representation when they were taught the equalize strategy but did not improve their problem representation when they were taught the add-subtract strategy.

Citing Sources:
Within a paragraph, omit the year in citations after the first one if no confusion with other studies will result.
Example:
Fisher (1999) administered a questionnaire . . . Fisher's results indicated . . .
[new paragraph] The questionnaire administered by Fisher (1999) was used by . . .

Sources with 1 or 2 authors:
Cite name(s) in first and all subsequent citations
Example:
(Carter & Dunbar-Odom, 2009)
Carter and Dunbar-Odom (2009)

=== Endnotes ===

== Works Cited Page ==
There are many rules about basic formatting for books. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Examples are not double-spaced, but your References list should be double-spaced. Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented.
=== Citing Books ===
The most basic entry for a book consists of the author's name, year of publication, the title of the book, publisher city, and the publisher name.

'''Basic Rules for Books''': Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.

For a book written by two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."

=== Book Examples ===
'''Cite Book''': Sternberg, E. (2000). Just business: Business ethics in action (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

'''Edited Book, No Author''': Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

'''Edited Book with an Author and Authors''': Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

=== Citing Articles ===
'''Basic Rules for Articles''': Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
=== Article Examples ===
'''Articles in Journal Paginated by Volume''': Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

'''Articles in a Magazine''': Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

'''Article in a Newspaper''': Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

== Citing Websites ==
The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), page title, website title, date accessed, and the web address.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Last Name''', '''First'''. '''Page Title'''. '''Website Title'''. Retrieved '''Date Accessed''', from '''Web Address'''.

When citing an entire Web site (and not a specific document on that site), no Reference List entry is required if the address for the site is cited in the text of your paper. For content that does not easily fit into categories such as journal papers and books, keep in mind the goal of a citation is to give the reader a clear path to the source. For electronic and online materials, include stable URL or database name. Include the author, title, and date published when available. For undated materials, include the date the resource was accessed. [https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa]

=== Website Examples ===
When citing a webpage in APA style, it has similar rules to citing a book. The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

For a page with two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J., & Doe, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

After the author names are listed, include in parentheses the publication date. List the year first, followed by a comma, and then the month and day. Place a period outside of the parentheses. In some cases, a specific date might not be available, and the date published may only be specific to a month or even year. Provide whatever date information is available.

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

'''Citing an Entire Website'''

Ex: Witchcraft in Europe and America is a site that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of witchcraft and demonology (http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/)

'''Citing a Professional Website'''

Ex: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008). Biofuels. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-07T15:00:00Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

APA documentation style, also known as APA format, provides a standard system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. APA, which stands for American Psychological Association, is used primarily in the social sciences to document sources.

== Basic APA Style ==
The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last name and the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation.

There are three options for placing citations in APA format: idea-focused, researcher-focused, and chronology-focused.

=== Endnotes ===

== Works Cited Page ==
There are many rules about basic formatting for books. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Examples are not double-spaced, but your References list should be double-spaced. Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented.
=== Citing Books ===
The most basic entry for a book consists of the author's name, year of publication, the title of the book, publisher city, and the publisher name.

'''Basic Rules for Books''': Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.

For a book written by two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."

=== Book Examples ===
'''Cite Book''': Sternberg, E. (2000). Just business: Business ethics in action (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

'''Edited Book, No Author''': Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

'''Edited Book with an Author and Authors''': Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

=== Citing Articles ===
'''Basic Rules for Articles''': Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
=== Article Examples ===
'''Articles in Journal Paginated by Volume''': Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

'''Articles in a Magazine''': Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

'''Article in a Newspaper''': Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

== Citing Websites ==
The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), page title, website title, date accessed, and the web address.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Last Name''', '''First'''. '''Page Title'''. '''Website Title'''. Retrieved '''Date Accessed''', from '''Web Address'''.

When citing an entire Web site (and not a specific document on that site), no Reference List entry is required if the address for the site is cited in the text of your paper. For content that does not easily fit into categories such as journal papers and books, keep in mind the goal of a citation is to give the reader a clear path to the source. For electronic and online materials, include stable URL or database name. Include the author, title, and date published when available. For undated materials, include the date the resource was accessed. [https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa]

=== Website Examples ===
When citing a webpage in APA style, it has similar rules to citing a book. The first author's name should be reversed, with the last name coming first, followed by a comma. First names and any middle names are given as initials, each followed by a period. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author's first and middle initials, preceded by a comma.[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

For a page with two or more authors, separate them by comma, and use an ampersand before the last author's name. If more than six authors are cited, abbreviate the seventh author and any others that follow with "et al."[http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website]

'''Ex:''' Smith, J., & Doe, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

After the author names are listed, include in parentheses the publication date. List the year first, followed by a comma, and then the month and day. Place a period outside of the parentheses. In some cases, a specific date might not be available, and the date published may only be specific to a month or even year. Provide whatever date information is available.

'''Ex:''' Smith, J. (2009, January). Obama inaugurated as President. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

'''Citing an Entire Website'''

Ex: Witchcraft in Europe and America is a site that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of witchcraft and demonology (http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/)

'''Citing a Professional Website'''

Ex: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008). Biofuels. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-05T22:15:06Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style

== Basic APA Style ==

== Endnotes ==

== Works Cited Page ==

== Citing Books ==

== Book Examples ==

== Citing Articles ==

== Article Examples ==

== Citing Websites ==

== Website Examples ==

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-05T18:42:06Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style

== Basic APA Style ==

== #* Endnotes ==

== Works Cited Page ==

== Citing Books ==

== Book Examples ==

== Citing Articles ==

== Article Examples ==

== Citing Websites ==

== Website Examples ==

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-05T18:40:25Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-05T18:33:19Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-05T18:28:40Z

Jaytrisw:

What is APA documentation style

== Basic APA Style ==

Composition FAQ

2014-11-05T18:18:33Z

Jaytrisw:

Welcome to the English Composition Writing FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions). This FAQ addresses difficulties that many new writers have with mechanics, style, content, and structure. While meant for the new college writer, even experienced writers may benefit from some of the answers to the following questions.

Comments and questions should be forwarded to the FAQ’s Editor. If you have a question, feel free to send it to me, or link it below and hopefully someone will answer it in due time. Please check back frequently if your questions have not yet been answered. If you have a submission — an answer to a question — please include it below. Anyone wishing to submit content to the FAQ is strongly encouraged to do so. Any questions in red have not been answered; click on one to answer it. Please follow the [[Composition FAQ Guidelines]].

== Initial Questions ==
* [[How do I get started writing?]]
* [[What questions do I need to ask as a writer?]]

== Content Questions ==
* [[How does a “topic” differ from a “subject”?]]
* [[What is a strong subject for an essay?]]
* [[What is meant by “purpose” in an essay?]]
* [[What is “audience”?]]
* [[What is a “thesis statement”?]]
* [[What is “interesting detail” and how do I use it?]]
* [[What is “development” or “support”?]]
* [[Where do I go for essay subject ideas?]]
* [[What is a strong title and how do I write one?]]
* [[Are there different types of essays?]]

== Mechanics and Grammar Questions ==
=== General ===
* [[What is the difference between possessives and plurals?]]

=== Sentences ===
* [[What is a sentence?]]
* [[What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?]]
* [[What is an independent clause?]]
* [[What is a “run-on” sentence?]]
* [[What is a “sentence fragment”?]]
* [[What is “subject/verb agreement”?]]
* [[What is “pronoun/antecedent agreement”?]]
* [[What are “coordinating conjunctions”?]]
* [[What are “subordinating conjunctions”?]]
* [[What are “conjunctive adverbs”?]]
* [[What is a dangling participle?]]
* [[Can a sentence begin with “and” or “but”?]]
* [[What is the difference between a direct object and an indirect object?]]
* [[What is an “objective complement”?]]
* [[What is parallel structure?]]

=== Punctuation ===
* [[What is the correct way to use punctuation with quotation marks?]]
* [[How do you usually punctuate conjunctive adverbs?]]
* [[What is an ellipsis and how do you use one correctly?]]

==== Commas ====
* [[How do I know when I need to use a comma?]]
* [[Does an introductory clause or phrase need a comma after it?]]
* [[What is a “comma splice”?]]
* [[Is a comma really necessary after the last element in a list of three or more?]]

==== Semicolons ====
* [[How do you use a semicolon?]]
* [[What's the difference between a semicolon and a comma?]]

== Structural Questions ==
* [[What is a “thesis statement” and how do I write a strong one?]]
* [[What are some guidelines for writing a thesis?]]
* [[What is a “topic sentence”?]]
* [[How does an “opening sentence” differ from a “topic sentence”?]]
* [[How do I write a strong title?]]
* [[How do I write a strong introduction?]]
* [[What is the “body” of an essay?]]
* [[How do I write a strong conclusion?]]
* [[What is “unity”?]]
* [[What is “point of view”?]]
* [[How should an essay be organized?]]
* [[How do I get the ideas from my head to the paper?]]
* [[What are “transitions”?]]
* [[How do I present titles of poems, novels, etc. in my essay?|How do I present titles of other works in my essay?]]
* [[What are the basic citations in books, articles, and scholarly journals in MLA format?]]

== Stylistic Questions ==
* [[What is “tone”?]]
* [[What is wrong with “it”?]]
* [[Why is the pronoun “this” ambiguous?]]
* [[What is the “passive voice”?]]
* [[What is “word choice”?]]
* [[What is an “awkward sentence”?]]
* [[What is “redundancy”?]]
* [[What is “wordiness”?]]
* [[What is “hyperbole”?]]
* [[When is something “clichéd” or “trite”?]]
* [[How can my writing be more persuasive?]]

== Writing About Literature ==
* [[What tense do I use when writing about literature?]]
* [[How do I present titles of poems, novels, etc. in my essay?]]
* [[In what ways can I write about literature?]]
* [[How do I organize a critical essay about literature?]]
* [[What are some basic guidelines for approaching literature critically?]]

== Online Writing ==
* [[How does online writing differ from traditional writing?]]
* [[What types of online writing are there?]]
* [[What are the unique components of online writing?]]
* [[What is multimedia?]]
* [[How and when do I use images?]]
* [[How does research and citation differ when writing online?]]

===Blogs===
* [[What is a blog?]]
* [[How does a blog differ from a traditional essay?]]
* [[How does a blog differ from a wiki?]]
* [[How do I write on a blog?]]

===Wikis===
* [[What is a wiki?]]
* [[How does a wiki differ from a traditional essay?]]
* [[How does a wiki differ from a blog?]]
* [[How do I write on a wiki?]]

===Podcasts===
* [[What is a podcast?]]

===Vodcasts===
* [[What is a vodcast?]]

== Research Questions ==
* [[Research? What research!?]]
* [[How do I go about doing a research paper?]]
* [[What are good sources to cite?]]
* [[What is MLA documentation style?]]
*[[What is APA documentation style?]]
* [[How does research and citation differ when writing online?]]

== Revision and Editing ==
* [[How about some general writing tips?]]
* [[Editing? Proofreading? Revision?]]
* [[What are some basic editing strategies for new writers?]]

== External Links ==

* [http://writingcenter.gmu.edu/ Geroge Mason University’s Writing Center] — Some excellent resources for writers and ESL.
* [http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab] — A great site for tutorials, workshops, study materials, and more.
* [http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/ University of Ottawa’s Writing Centre] — Check out [http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/grammar.html Hypergrammar] and their other writing resources.

[[Category:Composition]]

Composition FAQ

2014-11-05T18:18:01Z

Jaytrisw:

Welcome to the English Composition Writing FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions). This FAQ addresses difficulties that many new writers have with mechanics, style, content, and structure. While meant for the new college writer, even experienced writers may benefit from some of the answers to the following questions.

Comments and questions should be forwarded to the FAQ’s Editor. If you have a question, feel free to send it to me, or link it below and hopefully someone will answer it in due time. Please check back frequently if your questions have not yet been answered. If you have a submission — an answer to a question — please include it below. Anyone wishing to submit content to the FAQ is strongly encouraged to do so. Any questions in red have not been answered; click on one to answer it. Please follow the [[Composition FAQ Guidelines]].

== Initial Questions ==
* [[How do I get started writing?]]
* [[What questions do I need to ask as a writer?]]

== Content Questions ==
* [[How does a “topic” differ from a “subject”?]]
* [[What is a strong subject for an essay?]]
* [[What is meant by “purpose” in an essay?]]
* [[What is “audience”?]]
* [[What is a “thesis statement”?]]
* [[What is “interesting detail” and how do I use it?]]
* [[What is “development” or “support”?]]
* [[Where do I go for essay subject ideas?]]
* [[What is a strong title and how do I write one?]]
* [[Are there different types of essays?]]

== Mechanics and Grammar Questions ==
=== General ===
* [[What is the difference between possessives and plurals?]]

=== Sentences ===
* [[What is a sentence?]]
* [[What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?]]
* [[What is an independent clause?]]
* [[What is a “run-on” sentence?]]
* [[What is a “sentence fragment”?]]
* [[What is “subject/verb agreement”?]]
* [[What is “pronoun/antecedent agreement”?]]
* [[What are “coordinating conjunctions”?]]
* [[What are “subordinating conjunctions”?]]
* [[What are “conjunctive adverbs”?]]
* [[What is a dangling participle?]]
* [[Can a sentence begin with “and” or “but”?]]
* [[What is the difference between a direct object and an indirect object?]]
* [[What is an “objective complement”?]]
* [[What is parallel structure?]]

=== Punctuation ===
* [[What is the correct way to use punctuation with quotation marks?]]
* [[How do you usually punctuate conjunctive adverbs?]]
* [[What is an ellipsis and how do you use one correctly?]]

==== Commas ====
* [[How do I know when I need to use a comma?]]
* [[Does an introductory clause or phrase need a comma after it?]]
* [[What is a “comma splice”?]]
* [[Is a comma really necessary after the last element in a list of three or more?]]

==== Semicolons ====
* [[How do you use a semicolon?]]
* [[What's the difference between a semicolon and a comma?]]

== Structural Questions ==
* [[What is a “thesis statement” and how do I write a strong one?]]
* [[What are some guidelines for writing a thesis?]]
* [[What is a “topic sentence”?]]
* [[How does an “opening sentence” differ from a “topic sentence”?]]
* [[How do I write a strong title?]]
* [[How do I write a strong introduction?]]
* [[What is the “body” of an essay?]]
* [[How do I write a strong conclusion?]]
* [[What is “unity”?]]
* [[What is “point of view”?]]
* [[How should an essay be organized?]]
* [[How do I get the ideas from my head to the paper?]]
* [[What are “transitions”?]]
* [[How do I present titles of poems, novels, etc. in my essay?|How do I present titles of other works in my essay?]]
* [[What are the basic citations in books, articles, and scholarly journals in MLA format?]]

== Stylistic Questions ==
* [[What is “tone”?]]
* [[What is wrong with “it”?]]
* [[Why is the pronoun “this” ambiguous?]]
* [[What is the “passive voice”?]]
* [[What is “word choice”?]]
* [[What is an “awkward sentence”?]]
* [[What is “redundancy”?]]
* [[What is “wordiness”?]]
* [[What is “hyperbole”?]]
* [[When is something “clichéd” or “trite”?]]
* [[How can my writing be more persuasive?]]

== Writing About Literature ==
* [[What tense do I use when writing about literature?]]
* [[How do I present titles of poems, novels, etc. in my essay?]]
* [[In what ways can I write about literature?]]
* [[How do I organize a critical essay about literature?]]
* [[What are some basic guidelines for approaching literature critically?]]

== Online Writing ==
* [[How does online writing differ from traditional writing?]]
* [[What types of online writing are there?]]
* [[What are the unique components of online writing?]]
* [[What is multimedia?]]
* [[How and when do I use images?]]
* [[How does research and citation differ when writing online?]]

===Blogs===
* [[What is a blog?]]
* [[How does a blog differ from a traditional essay?]]
* [[How does a blog differ from a wiki?]]
* [[How do I write on a blog?]]

===Wikis===
* [[What is a wiki?]]
* [[How does a wiki differ from a traditional essay?]]
* [[How does a wiki differ from a blog?]]
* [[How do I write on a wiki?]]

===Podcasts===
* [[What is a podcast?]]

===Vodcasts===
* [[What is a vodcast?]]

== Research Questions ==
* [[Research? What research!?]]
* [[How do I go about doing a research paper?]]
* [[What are good sources to cite?]]
* [[What is MLA documentation style?]]
[[What is APA documentation style?]]
* [[How does research and citation differ when writing online?]]

== Revision and Editing ==
* [[How about some general writing tips?]]
* [[Editing? Proofreading? Revision?]]
* [[What are some basic editing strategies for new writers?]]

== External Links ==

* [http://writingcenter.gmu.edu/ Geroge Mason University’s Writing Center] — Some excellent resources for writers and ESL.
* [http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab] — A great site for tutorials, workshops, study materials, and more.
* [http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/ University of Ottawa’s Writing Centre] — Check out [http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/grammar.html Hypergrammar] and their other writing resources.

[[Category:Composition]]

What is APA documentation style?

2014-11-05T18:08:02Z

Jaytrisw: Created page with "What is APA documentation style"

What is APA documentation style