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The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-20T15:08:44Z

DPatel: correct page no.

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short horror story wrote by Edgar Allan Poe.
==Plot==
“The Cast of Amontillado” begins by recounting the last meeting between two aristocratic gentlemen, the narrator Montresor, and the wine connoisseur Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor is plotting his revenge for the thousand injuries Fortunato did to him.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=240}} While at the pre-Lenten festival, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has in his possession a cast of amontillado sherry and does not feel as though it is authentic.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor leads Fortunato deep underground to his family catacombs in his palazzo. Although Fortunato has a cough from the nitre, he continues so his rival Luchesi does not steal his opportunity to taste the wine. Once they get into the catacombs Montresor chains him to the wall and begins to use a trowel and fresh mortar to entomb Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

The story begins at a drinking festival during the Carnivale in an unspecified year in Italy. To entice his victim into his trap and seek revenge over Fortunato's "thousand injuries" against Montresor and his family, Montresor appropriates a key symbol of Freemasonry.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=242}} which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Fortunato apparently has a brotherhood and Montresor recognizes this fact and utilizes it for his own destruction hatred and his longing to lure Fortunate to his death.

===Luchesi===
Even though Luchesi isn't a key character in the story, he is still talked about. Luchesi is Fortunato's wine-tasting opponent. Montresor doesn't need to bring up Luchesi in order to entice Fortunato to his doom. The prospect of Amontillado is sufficient enough. For Montresor, Luchesi is a type of insurance.

==Major Themes==
Montresor is motivated by hate and seeks revenge on Fortunato. He feels as if he has insulted him and caused a thousand injuries to him but the injuries are not identified in the short story "The Cask of the Amontillado.

The plot revolves around alcohol and inebriation, with both contributing to Fortunato's gullibility and eventual demise in Montresor's wine cellar. Engaging Fortunato in dialogue ripe with irony, Montresor lures his victim deep into the family catacombs, urging him to try other wines along the way. {{sfn|Nesbett|2000|p=297}}

One of the theme for the story is unsatisfied. Montresor, at the end of his life addresses his narrative by saying you should know my soul instead of feeling any guilt he tries to defend and convince that he is not wrong and not have any regret.{{sfn|Walter|p=447}}

==Publication History==

==Explanation of the Work's Title==
The Cask of Amontillado is translated to Casket of Wine. Montresor uses the wine to talk Fortunato into following him into his family catacombs. That is how Montresor was able to enact his revenge by entombing Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite journal | last= Foy | first= Roslyn Reso | date= October 2015 | title= Freemasonry, the Brethren, and the Twists of Edgar Allen Poe in 'The Cask of Amontillado' | journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge | volume = 35 | issue = 0014-4940 1939-926X (electronic) | pages = 252-256 }}
* {{cite book |last= Nesbitt |first= Anna |date={{date|2000}} |chapter= Edgar Allan Poe |title=The Cask of Amontillado |url= |location= |publisher= Gale Group |pages=297-354}}
* {{cite book |last1= Poe |first1= Edgar |date=2002 |chapter=The Cask of Amontillado |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=240-244}}

{{cite journal
| last1 = Walter
| first1 = Stepp
| title = The Ironic Double In Poe's "The Cask Of Amontillado"
| volume = 13
| issue = 4
| pages = 447
}}

{{Refend}}

==External Links ==

The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-20T15:07:29Z

DPatel: Added theme

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short horror story wrote by Edgar Allan Poe.
==Plot==
“The Cast of Amontillado” begins by recounting the last meeting between two aristocratic gentlemen, the narrator Montresor, and the wine connoisseur Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor is plotting his revenge for the thousand injuries Fortunato did to him.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=240}} While at the pre-Lenten festival, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has in his possession a cast of amontillado sherry and does not feel as though it is authentic.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor leads Fortunato deep underground to his family catacombs in his palazzo. Although Fortunato has a cough from the nitre, he continues so his rival Luchesi does not steal his opportunity to taste the wine. Once they get into the catacombs Montresor chains him to the wall and begins to use a trowel and fresh mortar to entomb Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

The story begins at a drinking festival during the Carnivale in an unspecified year in Italy. To entice his victim into his trap and seek revenge over Fortunato's "thousand injuries" against Montresor and his family, Montresor appropriates a key symbol of Freemasonry.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=242}} which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Fortunato apparently has a brotherhood and Montresor recognizes this fact and utilizes it for his own destruction hatred and his longing to lure Fortunate to his death.

===Luchesi===
Even though Luchesi isn't a key character in the story, he is still talked about. Luchesi is Fortunato's wine-tasting opponent. Montresor doesn't need to bring up Luchesi in order to entice Fortunato to his doom. The prospect of Amontillado is sufficient enough. For Montresor, Luchesi is a type of insurance.

==Major Themes==
Montresor is motivated by hate and seeks revenge on Fortunato. He feels as if he has insulted him and caused a thousand injuries to him but the injuries are not identified in the short story "The Cask of the Amontillado.

The plot revolves around alcohol and inebriation, with both contributing to Fortunato's gullibility and eventual demise in Montresor's wine cellar. Engaging Fortunato in dialogue ripe with irony, Montresor lures his victim deep into the family catacombs, urging him to try other wines along the way. {{sfn|Nesbett|2000|p=297}}

One of the theme for the story is unsatisfied. Montresor, at the end of his life addresses his narrative by saying you should know my soul instead of feeling any guilt he tries to defend and convince that he is not wrong and not have any regret.{{sfn|Walter|p=297}}

==Publication History==

==Explanation of the Work's Title==
The Cask of Amontillado is translated to Casket of Wine. Montresor uses the wine to talk Fortunato into following him into his family catacombs. That is how Montresor was able to enact his revenge by entombing Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite journal | last= Foy | first= Roslyn Reso | date= October 2015 | title= Freemasonry, the Brethren, and the Twists of Edgar Allen Poe in 'The Cask of Amontillado' | journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge | volume = 35 | issue = 0014-4940 1939-926X (electronic) | pages = 252-256 }}
* {{cite book |last= Nesbitt |first= Anna |date={{date|2000}} |chapter= Edgar Allan Poe |title=The Cask of Amontillado |url= |location= |publisher= Gale Group |pages=297-354}}
* {{cite book |last1= Poe |first1= Edgar |date=2002 |chapter=The Cask of Amontillado |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=240-244}}

{{cite journal
| last1 = Walter
| first1 = Stepp
| title = The Ironic Double In Poe's "The Cask Of Amontillado"
| volume = 13
| issue = 4
| pages = 447
}}

{{Refend}}

==External Links ==

The Cask of Amontillado

2021-10-20T14:58:58Z

DPatel: Cited journal

{{Infobox short story
| name = The Cask of Amontillado
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Edgar Allen Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Horror Fiction
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = November 1846
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“The Cask of Amontillado”''' is a 1846 short horror story wrote by Edgar Allan Poe.
==Plot==
“The Cast of Amontillado” begins by recounting the last meeting between two aristocratic gentlemen, the narrator Montresor, and the wine connoisseur Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor is plotting his revenge for the thousand injuries Fortunato did to him.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=240}} While at the pre-Lenten festival, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has in his possession a cast of amontillado sherry and does not feel as though it is authentic.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}} Montresor leads Fortunato deep underground to his family catacombs in his palazzo. Although Fortunato has a cough from the nitre, he continues so his rival Luchesi does not steal his opportunity to taste the wine. Once they get into the catacombs Montresor chains him to the wall and begins to use a trowel and fresh mortar to entomb Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

The story begins at a drinking festival during the Carnivale in an unspecified year in Italy. To entice his victim into his trap and seek revenge over Fortunato's "thousand injuries" against Montresor and his family, Montresor appropriates a key symbol of Freemasonry.

==Characters==
===Montresor===
He is the narrator of the story. He's a fascinating and nuanced character whose desire for vengeance drives the plot. His family motto is Nemo me impune lacessit,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=242}} which translates to "no one insults me with impunity," which explains his motivation for murdering his friend.

===Fortunato===
His name means "fortunate". He is Montresor's Italian friend who is completely oblivious to his friend's revenge motive. It isn't until Montresor locks him in a crypt and begins to brick him in that Fortunato finally realizes he's been tricked. He is the antagonist of the story and loves vintage wines and carnival attire.

Fortunato apparently has a brotherhood and Montresor recognizes this fact and utilizes it for his own destruction hatred and his longing to lure Fortunate to his death.

===Luchesi===
Even though Luchesi isn't a key character in the story, he is still talked about. Luchesi is Fortunato's wine-tasting opponent. Montresor doesn't need to bring up Luchesi in order to entice Fortunato to his doom. The prospect of Amontillado is sufficient enough. For Montresor, Luchesi is a type of insurance.

==Major Themes==
Montresor is motivated by hate and seeks revenge on Fortunato. He feels as if he has insulted him and caused a thousand injuries to him but the injuries are not identified in the short story "The Cask of the Amontillado.

The plot revolves around alcohol and inebriation, with both contributing to Fortunato's gullibility and eventual demise in Montresor's wine cellar. Engaging Fortunato in dialogue ripe with irony, Montresor lures his victim deep into the family catacombs, urging him to try other wines along the way. {{sfn|Nesbett|2000|p=297}}

==Publication History==

==Explanation of the Work's Title==
The Cask of Amontillado is translated to Casket of Wine. Montresor uses the wine to talk Fortunato into following him into his family catacombs. That is how Montresor was able to enact his revenge by entombing Fortunato.{{sfn|Nesbitt|2000|p=297}}

==Literary Significance and Reception==

==Awards and Nominations==

==Citations==

{{Reflist|15em}}

== Works Cited==
Also see the [[/Annotated Bibliography|annotated bibliography]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} 
* {{cite journal | last= Foy | first= Roslyn Reso | date= October 2015 | title= Freemasonry, the Brethren, and the Twists of Edgar Allen Poe in 'The Cask of Amontillado' | journal = Taylor & Francis, Routledge | volume = 35 | issue = 0014-4940 1939-926X (electronic) | pages = 252-256 }}
* {{cite book |last= Nesbitt |first= Anna |date={{date|2000}} |chapter= Edgar Allan Poe |title=The Cask of Amontillado |url= |location= |publisher= Gale Group |pages=297-354}}
* {{cite book |last1= Poe |first1= Edgar |date=2002 |chapter=The Cask of Amontillado |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=240-244}}

{{cite journal
| last1 = Walter
| first1 = Stepp
| title = The Ironic Double In Poe's "The Cask Of Amontillado"
| volume = 13
| issue = 4
| pages = 447
}}

{{Refend}}

==External Links ==

Sonny's Blues

2021-10-06T02:08:47Z

DPatel: Added theme

{{Infobox short story
| name = Sonny’s Blues
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Partisan Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1957
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Sonny’s Blues”''' is a 1957 short story by [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] first published in ''Partisan Review''.


==Plot==
The story begins with the unnamed narrator on his way to work as a math teacher and opening up a newspaper finding out his brother, Sonny had been arrested for using and selling heroin.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}} The whole day his mind was set on the disturbing news. When his class was over, a friend of Sonny's came through the school yard to talk to the narrator about the situation and that he felt responsible for getting sonny hooked.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80-82}} After the narrator daughter died of polio, he felt the need to write Sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}} When sonny got out of jail he had to live with the narrator wife Isabel's parents so that he could go to school and have access to a piano.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=90}} Meanwhile, Sonny did not go to school, he started doing acid.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=91}} After that he ran off to the navy and came back, him and the narrator got into a argument which made the narrator try to figure out sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=92}} So he goes to where sonny plays the piano and likes it and he send his brother a drink of a alcoholic scotch and milk.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=99}} Sonny really didn't have no remorse for losing his parents at all.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}

==Characters==
'''Narrator''': He is a math teacher and he is 7 years older than Sonny.

'''Sonny''': He is the narrator's brother, jazz musician, and heroin addict who lived in New York. He died when he got hit by a car while walking home from a concert with the narrator’s father.

'''Isabel''': The wife of the narrator. She is a kind and understanding person and happy to take sonny into their family, despite his troubles.

'''Grace''': The narrator's daughter who died of polio at the age of two.

'''Creole''': Creole is the leader of the band sonny plays with at the jazz club.

'''The narrator's uncle''': He was killed at a young age when a car of drunken white men ran him over. The death broke the narrator's father's heart.

'''The narrator's Mother''': She is not alive in the story. She is wise and caring, dies when the narrator is away at war.

'''The narrator's Father''': He is also not alive and he is a hard man whose brother's death causes him immense grief.

'''Sonny's Friend''': He is a heroin addict who visits the narrator to tell him what happened to Sonny. He is unnamed whose brief appearance in the short story represents the innumerable young guys in Harlem who are addicted to drugs.

==Major themes==
One of the major themes is power of music, Sonny compares music's affective power to that of heroin. It makes him feel, "warm and cool at the same time" distant, sure and in control.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=94}}

A theme presented in the story is brotherly division{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=1}}. The symbology of the death of Grace plays an essential role in both the narrator and Sonny’s relationship. Sonny’s fall from grace depicts his morality and corroded decisions leading to an isolated life.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=2}} A fall from grace always has consequences in Christianity. The family is sorrowed over the death of the narrator’s daughter, leading to disintegration of grace within the brothers, causing them to drift apart and threatens to destroy their relationship.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=3}}

Suffering is another theme for "Sonny's Blue". Suffering is seen constantly through out the story. Sonny's drug addiction{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80}}, death of narrator's daughter{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}, racism{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}}, and murder of the narrator's uncle{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=86}} shows suffering. Sonny's music came from the same dark experiences and his struggle to become a singer is not that easy.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=88}}

==Development history==


===Publication history===




===Explanation of the Story’s Title===
The title of the story "Sonny's Blues” explains more about the story than it puts on even though his brother is the narrator, the character Sonny, still seems to have the story centered around him. As the book begins, we get to know just what Sonny's "blues" or woes are. Going into the second paragraph the narrator describes his concern for his brother as " A great block of ice... settled in my belly ". {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}} He further goes on to describe the block of ice to be expanding until it felt like his guts " were going to spill out" he "was going to choke scream". {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}} The narrator goes on to talk about how Sonny was arrested in a raid for “peddling and using heroin”. {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}}

==Literary significance and reception==


==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==


==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]]
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baldwin |first1=James |date=2002 |chapter=Sonny's Blues |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |pages=79-99 }}
* {{cite journal | first=Eui Young | last= Kim | date= October 2013 | title= The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's ‘Sonny's Blues’ | journal= The Explicator | volume= 76 | issue= 3 | pages= 161-165
}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stone | first1=Caitlin | date= October 2013 | title= Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in ‘Sonny's Blues’ |journal=The Explicator | volume= 71 |issue= 4 | pages= 251-254 }}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* . . .

[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]

To Build a Fire

2021-10-05T01:48:27Z

DPatel: Added theme

{{Infobox short story 
| name = To Build a Fire
| image =
| caption =
| title_orig =
| translator =
| author = [[w:Jack London|Jack London]]
| country =

| language = English
| series =
| genre = Adventure, short story
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1902, 1908
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

“'''To Build a Fire'''” is a 1908 short story by Jack London.


==Plot==


==Characters==
===The Man===
The man travels in the Yukon Territories with a husky. He is a “''chechaquo''," or a newcomer,{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}} making him overconfident and inexperienced, but self-assured because he knows the “facts.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Dog===
The dog is a “big native husky”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=150}} that accompanies the man along on his journey; the dog operates based on instinct.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=160}}

===The Old-Timer===
Though he only appears in flashbacks, the Old-Timer from Sulphur Creek warns the man about the cold and traveling alone. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=154}}

==Major Themes==

A major theme of “Fire” is man versus nature, specifically, that man’s arrogance blinds him to nature and its potential.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}} The Klondike is an area that is a grasping story of the battle of the frozen Yukon trail.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=157}} It is an account of man versus nature, yet inside that story is one more story about a man's pride and unreadiness to acknowledge nature for what it is. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}} At the point when the man dismisses the law of nature, the discipline managed out naturally is serious. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=156}} The punishment of death comes to about because of attempting to stay away from it. {{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=158}} There is a big contrast between the information and that man has and the information he ought to have had.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}}

The importance of community as opposed to self-reliance in survival and growth is emphasized in “Fire.”{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=161}}

Critic Donald Pizer explains how the limit of individualism is a key theme in this story. {{sfn|Pizer|2010|p=219}} The protagonist of the novel frequently claims his ability to travel alone and feels he can survive the harsh winter conditions. {{sfn|Pizer|2010|p=220}} Despite the cautions of the old man at Sulphur Creek, he refuses to travel with a companion, which ultimately leads to his death. {{sfn|Pizer|2010|p=221}}The man is unaware of the value of receiving assistance from others and believes that his own abilities will assure his survival. Apart from declining to go with a companion, the man demonstrates independence by dismissing the old man's wisdom and ignoring experience and guidance. The fact that the old man is an American in unfamiliar terrain is one piece of information that we are provided with. Individual freedoms and liberties are prized in American culture, and London's experience exemplifies the risks that these beliefs can engender.

A theme of "To Build A Fire" by London, is self destruction. The protagonist not only ignores the old-timers warning to travel with a partner, lacks imagination but he is incapable of companionability. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=173}} He traveled alone except for a wolf dog, in which he treated with contempt and hostility. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=173}} Not only by trying to use him to check for faults in the ice, at the end he thought about killing him to warm his hands. The protagonist also contuses to chew tobacco causing a amber beard to form, which later obstructs his his mouth when tries to eat. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=175}} Then we are presented by the repetition of him trying to build a fire and failing again and again at his own despise. first by having the fire blotted out by an avalanche of snow, second, by having his book of Sulphur matches extinguished in one fell, and third by having fire snuffed out by a large piece of moss. {{sfn|Hillier|2010|p=173}} These failed attempts show that his arrogance and unwillingness to listen to others will lead to his own down fall.

Another theme for "To Build A Fire is pride. It is the man's pride which allows him to start his uncertain journey, prevents him form moving back when he realizes how cold it is which ultimately leads to death. The man was warned him not to travel alone but instead of preventing the man from making the trip he set out anyway and after soaking his feet he thought about the advice, given by that man.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=154}} Few hours into his trip when he has a chance to turn back, he finds that it is very cold and still have overconfidence which puts him in a danger because the temperature matters.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=149}} The man's pride is deep seated, after the falling snow put out his fire and his hands and feet are freezing totally he thought that old-timer from Sulphur creek was right and even after knowing that the death is not so far he doesn't realize that he was wrong.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=154}}

==Development History==


===Publication History===


===Explanation of the Work's Title===


==Literary Significance and Reception==


==Awards and Nominations==


==Adaptations==

"To Build A Fire" was adapted into a multi-award-winning short film in 2016. The making of the film was to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of Jack London. It was directed and written by Fx Goby.{{sfn|Gatrell|2018}}

==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]].
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}

* {{cite book |last=Gair |first=Christopher |date={{date|2011}} |chapter=The Wires Were Down: The Telegraph and the Cultural Self in “To Build a Fire” and ''White Fang'' |title=Jack London |editor-last=Bloom |editor-first=Harold |series=Bloom’s Modern Critical Views |url= |location=New York |publisher=Bloom’s Literary Criticism |pages=73–90 }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Hillier
| first1 = Russell
| date = 2010
| title = Crystal Beards and Dantean Influence in Jack London's 'To Build a Fire (II)'
| journal = American Literature
| volume = 23
| issue = 3
| pages = 172-178
}}
* {{Cite book |last=London |first=Jack | date=2002 |orig-year=1908 |chapter=To Build a Fire |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Pizer
| first1 = Donald
| date = April 2010
| title = Jack London's "To Build a Fire": How Not To Read Naturalist Fiction
| journal = Philosophy & Literature
| volume = 34
| issue = 1
| pages = 218-227
}}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}

{{Refend}}

==External Links==


* {{cite web |last=Gatrell |first=Henry |title= Short of the Week - To Build a Fire |url=https://oneroomwithaview.com/2018/01/22/short-week-build-fire/ |date=2018 |website= oneroomwithaview.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

[[Category:Literary]] 
[[Category:20th Century]] 
[[Category:Naturalism]] 
[[Category:Short Stories]]

Sonny's Blues

2021-10-03T16:25:47Z

DPatel: Added character Isabel, grace, creole, narrator uncle, father and mother

{{Infobox short story
| name = Sonny’s Blues
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Partisan Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1957
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Sonny’s Blues”''' is a 1957 short story by [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] first published in ''Partisan Review''.


==Plot==
The story begins with the unnamed narrator on his way to work as a math teacher and opening up a newspaper finding out his brother, Sonny had been arrested for using and selling heroin.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}} The whole day his mind was set on the disturbing news. When his class was over, a friend of Sonny's came through the school yard to talk to the narrator about the situation and that he felt responsible for getting sonny hooked.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80-82}} After the narrator daughter died of polio, he felt the need to write Sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}} When sonny got out of jail he had to live with the narrator wife Isabel's parents so that he could go to school and have access to a piano.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=90}} Meanwhile, Sonny did not go to school, he started doing acid.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=91}} After that he ran off to the navy and came back, him and the narrator got into a argument which made the narrator try to figure out sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=92}} So he goes to where sonny plays the piano and likes it and he send his brother a drink of a alcoholic scotch and milk.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=99}} Sonny really didn't have no remorse for losing his parents at all.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}

==Characters==
'''Narrator''': He is a math teacher and he is 7 years older than Sonny.

'''Sonny''': He is the narrator's brother, jazz musician, and heroin addict who lived in New York.

'''Isabel''': The wife of the narrator. She is kind and understanding person and happy to take sonny into their family, despite his troubles.

'''Grace''': The narrator's daughter who died of polio at the age of two.

'''Creole''': Creole is the leader of the band sonny plays with at the jazz club.

'''The narrator's uncle''': He was killed at a young age when a car of drunken white men ran him over. The death broke the narrator's father's heart.

'''The narrator's Mother''': She is not alive in the story. She is wise and caring, dies when the narrator is away at war.

'''The narrator's Father''': He is also not alive and he is a hard man whose brother's death causes him immense grief.

==Major themes==
One of the major themes is power of music, Sonny compares music's affective power to that of heroin. It makes him feel, "warm and cool at the same time" distant, sure and in control.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=94}}

A theme presented in the story is brotherly division{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=1}}. The symbology of the death of Grace plays an essential role in both the narrator and Sonny’s relationship. Sonny’s fall from grace depicts his morality and corroded decisions leading to an isolated life.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=2}} A fall from grace always has consequences in Christianity. The family is sorrowed over the death of the narrator’s daughter, leading to disintegration of grace within the brothers, causing them to drift apart and threatens to destroy their relationship.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=3}}

==Development history==


===Publication history===




===Explanation of the Story’s Title===
The title of the story "Sonny's Blues” explains more about the story than it puts on even though his brother is the narrator, the character Sonny, still seems to have the story centered around him. As the book begins, we get to know just what Sonny's "blues" or woes are. Going into the second paragraph the narrator describes his concern for his brother as " A great block of ice... settled in my belly ". {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}} He further goes on to describe the block of ice to be expanding until it felt like his guts " were going to spill out" he "was going to choke scream". {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}} The narrator goes on to talk about how Sonny was arrested in a raid for “peddling and using heroin”. {{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p79}}

==Literary significance and reception==


==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==


==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]]
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baldwin |first1=James |date=2002 |chapter=Sonny's Blues |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |pages=79-99 }}
* {{cite journal | first=Eui Young | last= Kim | date= October 2013 | title= The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's ‘Sonny's Blues’ | journal= The Explicator | volume= 76 | issue= 3 | pages= 161-165
}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stone | first1=Caitlin | date= October 2013 | title= Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in ‘Sonny's Blues’ |journal=The Explicator | volume= 71 |issue= 4 | pages= 251-254 }}
* {{Cite book |date={{date|2002}} |title=Reading and Writing about Literature |editor-last=Sipiora |editor-first=Phillip |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle Creek, NJ |pages=149–160 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* . . .

[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-30T00:06:01Z

DPatel: /* Major themes */

{{Infobox short story
| name = Sonny’s Blues
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Partisan Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1957
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Sonny’s Blues”''' is a 1957 short story by [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] first published in ''Partisan Review''.


==Plot==
The story begins with the unnamed narrator on his way to work as a math teacher and opening up a newspaper finding out his brother, Sonny had been arrested for using and selling heroin.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}} The whole day his mind was set on the disturbing news. When his class was over, a friend of Sonny's came through the school yard to talk to the narrator about the situation and that he felt responsible for getting sonny hooked.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80-82}} After the narrator daughter died of polio, he felt the need to write Sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}} When sonny got out of jail he had to live with the narrator wife Isabel's parents so that he could go to school and have access to a piano.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=90}} Meanwhile, Sonny did not go to school, he started doing acid.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=91}} After that he ran off to the navy and came back, him and the narrator got into a argument which made the narrator try to figure out sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=92}} So he goes to where sonny plays the piano and likes it and he send his brother a drink of a alcoholic scotch and milk.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=99}} Sonny really didn't have no remorse for losing his parents at all.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}

==Characters==
'''Narrator''': He is a math teacher and he is 7 years older than Sonny.

'''Sonny''': He is the narrator's brother, jazz musician, and heroin addict who lived in New York.

'''Isabel''': The wife of the narrator.

==Major themes==
• One of the major themes is power of music, Sonny compares music's affective power to that of heroin. It makes him feel, "warm and cool at the same time" distant, sure and in control.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=94}}

•A theme presented in the story is brotherly division{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=1}}. The symbology of the death of Grace plays an essential role in both the narrator and Sonny’s relationship. Sonny’s fall from grace depicts his morality and corroded decisions leading to an isolated life.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=2}} A fall from grace always has consequences in Christianity. The family is sorrowed over the death of the narrator’s daughter, leading to disintegration of grace within the brothers, causing them to drift apart and threatens to destroy their relationship.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=3}}

==Development history==
~history of the work's development, if available
(e.g., “[[w:The Man Who Studied Yoga|The Man Who Studied Yoga]]”)~

===Publication history===
~*year, country, publisher ISBN 1234567890, Pub date DD Month Year, binding~




===Explanation of the Story’s Title===
~Explain the work's title if it's not immediately obvious
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

==Literary significance and reception==
~description of the work's initial reception and legacy based on the work of literary critics and commentators over
the years, give citations; if no literary significance should just be called reception~

==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==
~references to major film, TV, theatrical, radio, etc. adaptations, if applicable~

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]]
{{refbegin}}
{{cite journal
|last1=Baldwin
|first1=James
|date=1987
|title= Sonny Blues
|journal=Reading and Writing about Literature
|pages= 79-99
|access-date=September 2021
}}
{{cite book
}}{{cite journal
| last1 =Stone
| first1 = Caitlin
| date = Oct 2013
| title = Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in Sonny's Blues
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=mlf&AN=2015383085&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=ns235467
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 71
| issue = 4
| pages = 251-254
}}

{{refend}}{{refbegin}}
*
{{cite book
|last=Eui Young
|first=Kim,
|date=2018 July-Sept
|title=The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues
|location=Taylor & Francis, Routledge
|publisher=journal article Language of Publicatin: English Update Code: 2011901
|page= 161-165
}}' Due to Baldwin's compelling portrayal of brotherly estrangement and the difficult process of reconciliation, critics have frequently elided the dense description of the physical setting.
{{cite journal
| last1 =Eui Young
| first1 = Kim
| date = Oct 2013
| title = The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues
| url = https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=e33e657f-6128-4232-b32c-0e9cf3727082%40pdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLHNoaWImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=2019402391&db=mlf
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 94890
| issue = 2019402391
| pages = 161-165
}}

{{cite journal
|last1=Baldwin
|first1=James
|date=1987
|title= Sonny Blues
|journal=Reading and Writing about Literature
|pages= 94
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* . . .

[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-30T00:04:38Z

DPatel: cite

{{Infobox short story
| name = Sonny’s Blues
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Partisan Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1957
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Sonny’s Blues”''' is a 1957 short story by [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] first published in ''Partisan Review''.


==Plot==
The story begins with the unnamed narrator on his way to work as a math teacher and opening up a newspaper finding out his brother, Sonny had been arrested for using and selling heroin.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}} The whole day his mind was set on the disturbing news. When his class was over, a friend of Sonny's came through the school yard to talk to the narrator about the situation and that he felt responsible for getting sonny hooked.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80-82}} After the narrator daughter died of polio, he felt the need to write Sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}} When sonny got out of jail he had to live with the narrator wife Isabel's parents so that he could go to school and have access to a piano.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=90}} Meanwhile, Sonny did not go to school, he started doing acid.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=91}} After that he ran off to the navy and came back, him and the narrator got into a argument which made the narrator try to figure out sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=92}} So he goes to where sonny plays the piano and likes it and he send his brother a drink of a alcoholic scotch and milk.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=99}} Sonny really didn't have no remorse for losing his parents at all.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}

==Characters==
'''Narrator''': He is a math teacher and he is 7 years older than Sonny.

'''Sonny''': He is the narrator's brother, jazz musician, and heroin addict who lived in New York.

'''Isabel''': The wife of the narrator.

==Major themes==
• One of the major themes is power of music, Sonny compares music's affective power to that of heroin. It makes him feel, "warm and cool at the same time" distant, sure and in control.{{sfn|Baldwin|1987|p=94}}

•A theme presented in the story is brotherly division{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=1}}. The symbology of the death of Grace plays an essential role in both the narrator and Sonny’s relationship. Sonny’s fall from grace depicts his morality and corroded decisions leading to an isolated life.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=2}} A fall from grace always has consequences in Christianity. The family is sorrowed over the death of the narrator’s daughter, leading to disintegration of grace within the brothers, causing them to drift apart and threatens to destroy their relationship.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=3}}

==Development history==
~history of the work's development, if available
(e.g., “[[w:The Man Who Studied Yoga|The Man Who Studied Yoga]]”)~

===Publication history===
~*year, country, publisher ISBN 1234567890, Pub date DD Month Year, binding~




===Explanation of the Story’s Title===
~Explain the work's title if it's not immediately obvious
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

==Literary significance and reception==
~description of the work's initial reception and legacy based on the work of literary critics and commentators over
the years, give citations; if no literary significance should just be called reception~

==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==
~references to major film, TV, theatrical, radio, etc. adaptations, if applicable~

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]]
{{refbegin}}
{{cite journal
|last1=Baldwin
|first1=James
|date=1987
|title= Sonny Blues
|journal=Reading and Writing about Literature
|pages= 79-99
|access-date=September 2021
}}
{{cite book
}}{{cite journal
| last1 =Stone
| first1 = Caitlin
| date = Oct 2013
| title = Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in Sonny's Blues
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=mlf&AN=2015383085&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=ns235467
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 71
| issue = 4
| pages = 251-254
}}

{{refend}}{{refbegin}}
*
{{cite book
|last=Eui Young
|first=Kim,
|date=2018 July-Sept
|title=The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues
|location=Taylor & Francis, Routledge
|publisher=journal article Language of Publicatin: English Update Code: 2011901
|page= 161-165
}}' Due to Baldwin's compelling portrayal of brotherly estrangement and the difficult process of reconciliation, critics have frequently elided the dense description of the physical setting.
{{cite journal
| last1 =Eui Young
| first1 = Kim
| date = Oct 2013
| title = The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues
| url = https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=e33e657f-6128-4232-b32c-0e9cf3727082%40pdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLHNoaWImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=2019402391&db=mlf
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 94890
| issue = 2019402391
| pages = 161-165
}}

{{cite journal
|last1=Baldwin
|first1=James
|date=1987
|title= Sonny Blues
|journal=Reading and Writing about Literature
|pages= 94
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* . . .

[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-30T00:00:10Z

DPatel: add citation

{{Infobox short story
| name = Sonny’s Blues
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Partisan Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1957
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Sonny’s Blues”''' is a 1957 short story by [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] first published in ''Partisan Review''.


==Plot==
The story begins with the unnamed narrator on his way to work as a math teacher and opening up a newspaper finding out his brother, Sonny had been arrested for using and selling heroin.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=79}} The whole day his mind was set on the disturbing news. When his class was over, a friend of Sonny's came through the school yard to talk to the narrator about the situation and that he felt responsible for getting sonny hooked.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=80-82}} After the narrator daughter died of polio, he felt the need to write Sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}} When sonny got out of jail he had to live with the narrator wife Isabel's parents so that he could go to school and have access to a piano.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=90}} Meanwhile, Sonny did not go to school, he started doing acid.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=91}} After that he ran off to the navy and came back, him and the narrator got into a argument which made the narrator try to figure out sonny.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=92}} So he goes to where sonny plays the piano and likes it and he send his brother a drink of a alcoholic scotch and milk.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=99}} Sonny really didn't have no remorse for losing his parents at all.{{sfn|Baldwin|2002|p=82}}

==Characters==
'''Narrator''': He is a math teacher and he is 7 years older than Sonny.

'''Sonny''': He is the narrator's brother, jazz musician, and heroin addict who lived in New York.

'''Isabel''': The wife of the narrator.

==Major themes==
• One of the major themes is power of music, Sonny compares music's affective power to that of heroin. It makes him feel, "warm and cool at the same time" distant, sure and in control.{{sfn|Sipiora|2002|p=94}}

•A theme presented in the story is brotherly division{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=1}}. The symbology of the death of Grace plays an essential role in both the narrator and Sonny’s relationship. Sonny’s fall from grace depicts his morality and corroded decisions leading to an isolated life.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=2}} A fall from grace always has consequences in Christianity. The family is sorrowed over the death of the narrator’s daughter, leading to disintegration of grace within the brothers, causing them to drift apart and threatens to destroy their relationship.{{sfn|Stone|2013|p=3}}

==Development history==
~history of the work's development, if available
(e.g., “[[w:The Man Who Studied Yoga|The Man Who Studied Yoga]]”)~

===Publication history===
~*year, country, publisher ISBN 1234567890, Pub date DD Month Year, binding~




===Explanation of the Story’s Title===
~Explain the work's title if it's not immediately obvious
(e.g., ''[[w:Things Fall Apart|Things Fall Apart]]'')~

==Literary significance and reception==
~description of the work's initial reception and legacy based on the work of literary critics and commentators over
the years, give citations; if no literary significance should just be called reception~

==Awards and nominations==
~lists awards the work received, and significant nominations, if applicable; include in reception if brief~

==Adaptations==
~references to major film, TV, theatrical, radio, etc. adaptations, if applicable~

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
See also: [[/Annotated Bibliography/]]
{{refbegin}}
{{cite journal
|last1=Baldwin
|first1=James
|date=1987
|title= Sonny Blues
|journal=Reading and Writing about Literature
|pages= 79-99
|access-date=September 2021
}}
{{cite book
}}{{cite journal
| last1 =Stone
| first1 = Caitlin
| date = Oct 2013
| title = Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in Sonny's Blues
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=mlf&AN=2015383085&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=ns235467
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 71
| issue = 4
| pages = 251-254
}}

{{refend}}{{refbegin}}
*
{{cite book
|last=Eui Young
|first=Kim,
|date=2018 July-Sept
|title=The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues
|location=Taylor & Francis, Routledge
|publisher=journal article Language of Publicatin: English Update Code: 2011901
|page= 161-165
}}' Due to Baldwin's compelling portrayal of brotherly estrangement and the difficult process of reconciliation, critics have frequently elided the dense description of the physical setting.
{{cite journal
| last1 =Eui Young
| first1 = Kim
| date = Oct 2013
| title = The Sociology of the Ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues
| url = https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=e33e657f-6128-4232-b32c-0e9cf3727082%40pdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLHNoaWImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=2019402391&db=mlf
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 94890
| issue = 2019402391
| pages = 161-165
}}

{{cite journal
|last1=Baldwin
|first1=James
|date=1987
|title= Sonny Blues
|journal=Reading and Writing about Literature
|pages= 94
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* . . .

[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:20th Century]]
[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Contemporary]]

Sonny's Blues/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-29T21:15:29Z

DPatel: added space

{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stone
| first1 = Caitlin
| date = Oct 2013
| title = Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in Sonny's Blues
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=mlf&AN=2015383085&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=ns235467
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 71
| issue = 4
| pages = 251-254
}} Stone explains the significance of the death of grace and how it relates to the brothers. Topics addressed include the symbolic associations of the Grace's death and the religious "a fall from grace" in Christian terminology.

{{Refend}}
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
{{cite journal
| last1 = Kim
| first1 = Eui Young
| date = 2018
| title = The Sociology of the ghetto in James Baldwin's SONNY BLUES
| url = https://doi.org/10.1080/00144940.2018.1499604
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 76
| issue = 3
| pages = 161-165
}} This literary criticism article explains the sociology of the ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny Blues b

{{cite journal
| last1 =Dempsey
| first1 = Joan
| year = 2011
| title = Waiting for you: Beauford Delaney as James Baldwin's Inspiration for the character creole in "Sonny's Blues
| journal = Obsidian
| volume = 12
| issue = 1
| pages = 60-78
}}This article of journal states that how creole inspired and help sonny to overcome from heroin. Creole is an artistic mentor and a father figure for sonny. Creole is very clearly the principal person who has taken sonny under his wings. It is because of playing piano that sonny can stay away from drugs. By the help of creole sonny takes the risk to become a jazz musician.
{{Refend}}

Sonny's Blues/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-29T21:13:39Z

DPatel: Added bibliography

{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Stone
| first1 = Caitlin
| date = Oct 2013
| title = Lost and Found: The Fall of Grace in Sonny's Blues
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=mlf&AN=2015383085&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=ns235467
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 71
| issue = 4
| pages = 251-254
}} Stone explains the significance of the death of grace and how it relates to the brothers. Topics addressed include the symbolic associations of the Grace's death and the religious "a fall from grace" in Christian terminology.

{{Refend}}
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
{{cite journal
| last1 = Kim
| first1 = Eui Young
| date = 2018
| title = The Sociology of the ghetto in James Baldwin's SONNY BLUES
| url = https://doi.org/10.1080/00144940.2018.1499604
| journal = The Explicator
| volume = 76
| issue = 3
| pages = 161-165
}} This literary criticism article explains the sociology of the ghetto in James Baldwin's Sonny Blues b
{{cite journal
| last1 =Dempsey
| first1 = Joan
| year = 2011
| title = Waiting for you: Beauford Delaney as James Baldwin's Inspiration for the character creole in "Sonny's Blues"
| journal = Obsidian
| volume = 12
| issue = 1
| pages = 60-78
}}This article of journal states that how creole inspired and help sonny to overcome from heroin. Creole is an artistic mentor and a father figure for sonny. Creole is very clearly the principal person who has taken sonny under his wings. It is because of playing piano that sonny can stay away from drugs. By the help of creole sonny takes the risk to become a jazz musician.
{{Refend}}

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-26T15:36:20Z

DPatel: /* Major themes */

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-26T15:36:00Z

DPatel: Added theme

Sonny's Blues

2021-09-26T15:23:52Z

DPatel: cite book

Indian Camp/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-15T14:29:17Z

DPatel: Corrected name

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
*{{cite journal
| last1 = Adair
| first1 = William
| date = Winter 1991
| title = A Source for Hemmingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 28
| issue = 1
| page = 93-95
}} Nick Adams, the protagonist, was inspired to establish Indian Camp after observing a lady give birth during the Greco-Turkish War, according to the deleted epilogue to Hemmingway's "Big Two-Hearted River." Hemmingway had a similar experience, but the only similarities include that the husband was present, the birth was performed in a raw setting, and a terrified child was present. The two men have the same tale structure, but their scenarios are different. Nick wonders at the end of the story if death was difficult, much as Hemmingway contemplated suicide.

* {{cite journal
| first = Daiker
| last = Donald A
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The Case for 'Indian Camp'
| journal = The Hemingway Review
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}} The story gives impression of Dr. Adam's as a man who cannot care for the women and just do his job. This journal article proves that Dr. Adam's save the life of Indian women and her baby by performing the operation as there is no other medical help available at that time, if he cannot do the operation the women and her baby die. Some readers blame Dr. Adam's for performing the operation as he didn't have any medical instrument's but at the end both mother and baby is fine and in noon a nurse arrives with all medical supplies. Dr. Adam's said, "her screams are not important" is a form of self-discipline which establish emotional distance between doctor and patient.

* {{Cite book | last =Hays | first =Peter | date ={{date|2013}} | chapter = Teaching 'Indian Camp' | title = Fifty Years of Hemingway Criticism | editor-last = Hays | editor-first = Peter | publisher = Scarecrow Press| pages = 207-211}} In the book the author has a chapter on "Indian Camp" where he explains that it is a story about lessons being learned and how a character has a growth experience. The character being Nick, a young boy whose father is Dr. Adams. Nick is brought along to witness the birth of a child in a barbaric way. Hays talks about the shock the boy went through and how that led to his growth experience at the end. The author also explores how the Indians were being treated during this time by the Americans and the state in which they were living. Furthermore, Hays brings to our attention the possibility of Uncle George being the father of the child and how he came to that conclusion. Hays walks the reader through the characters' actions and explains the true meaning behind the story, sharing details that can help the reader better understand the text.

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Tyler
| first1 = Lisa
| date = January 1, 2006
| title = Dangerous Families and Intimate Harm in Hemingway's 'Indian Camp'
| journal = Texas Studies in Literature and Language
| volume = 48
| issue = 1
| page = 18
}} “Indian Camp,” described as one of the best in the collection, dramatizes what appears to be Adams' first confrontation with profound personal suffering. In Our Time, Hemingway explores men's responses. Human and animal suffering, and especially women's suffering, affect their characters. The child who cannot separate cannot see another suffering and replaces attentive love with fantasy. Nick never has the chance to learn how to reciprocate, to see his mother’s suffering in a way that would have made her feel compassion for him.

{{Refend}}

[[Category:Bibliographies]]

Indian Camp/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-08T15:08:48Z

DPatel: Added annotated part

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}

* {{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The Case for 'Indian Camp'
| journal = The Hemingway Review
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}

The story gives impression of Dr. Adam's as a man who cannot care for the women and just do his job. This journal article proves that Dr. Adam's save the life of Indian women and her baby by performing the operation as there is no other medical help available at that time, if he cannot do the operation the women and her baby die. Some readers blame Dr. Adam's for performing the operation as he didn't have any medical instrument's but at the end both mother and baby is fine and in noon a nurse arrives with all medical supplies. Dr. Adam's said, "her screams are not important" is a form of self-discipline which establish emotional distance between doctor and patient.

Indian Camp/Annotated Bibliography

2021-09-08T14:21:25Z

DPatel: Cited journal

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}

* . . .
{{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The Case for 'Indian Camp'
| journal = The Hemingway Review
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}

Babylon Revisited

2021-09-08T01:37:08Z

DPatel: Added theme

{{Infobox short story
| name = Babylon Revisited
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''[[w:The Saturday Evening Post|The Saturday Evening Post]]''
| publication_type = Magazine
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1931
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

"Babylon Revisited" is a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald written in 1930. It first appeared in ''The Saturday Evening Post'' on February 21, 1931.

==Characters==
===Charlie Wales===
Charlie Wales, 35,{{sfn|Fitzgerald|2002|p=7}} the story’s protagonist, has come to Paris from Prague to regain custody of his daughter, Honoria, from his sister-in-law.

=== Helen Wales ===
Charlie’s dead wife and mother of Honoria. Helen and Charlie shared a drinking problem during the course of their relationship. She passed away due to heart troubles because of a dreadful situation that happened with Charlie. She suffered with pneumonia when Charlie locked her out in a snowstorm, and inevitably died shortly afterwards.

===Honoria Wales===
Honoria is the daughter of Charlie Wales and his deceased wife, Helen. She is also one of the three children that live in the Peters' house.

===Marion Peters===
Marion is a tall woman with worried eyes. She is the sister-in-law to Charlie Wales and sister to the deceased, Helen. She is the antagonist who stands in the way of Charlie getting his daughter back, who she has full custody over.

===Lincoln Peters===
Lincoln is married to Marion Wales and shares custody of Honoria. He is sympathetic for Charlie wants him to be able to have custody of Honoria.

===Lorraine Quarrles===
Lorraine, “a lovely, pale blonde of thirty,”{{cn}} is a friend of Charlie’s from his past. She likely had an affair with Charlie.

She's a big part of Charlie's "bad habits."{{cn}}

===Duncan Shaeffer===
Duncan is a friend of Charlie's from college. His friendship with Charlie affected Charlie's situation with family members.

==Plot==
“Babylon Revisited” is about Charlie Wales attempting to correct his past and regain custody of his daughter. He has to overcome his drinking addiction and try to regain his wealth. He returns to Paris from Prague to try and convince his sister-in-law, who has custody of his daughter, that he had changed so that she would sign over custody of his daughter to him. Charlie has to stay from the bar and liquor to prove that he has changed. "The story shows that self motivation can take you a long way where you're on the road to recovery."{{cn}}

==Themes==
One [[theme]] of this story is Charlie's struggle to prove to everyone that he has overcome his drinking and partying habit. Some passages in the story indicate that he may not be over his drinking because when he comes back to town he goes straight back to the bar. "Charlie's charter seems to have an up and down roller coster effect."

Another theme of the story is guilt and innocence. Throughout the story Charlie struggle with his sense of guilt over his wife's death, losing his daughter custody and spend years by drinking alcohol. He punish himself. "I spoiled this city for myself. I didn't realize it, but the days came along one after another, and then two years were gone, and everything was gone and I was gone."(25)

==Comparisons To The Author's Life==
In 1920 Fitzgerald married Zelda Sayre and they began a lifestyle of decadence. While he tried to gain credibility in the literary world, he was seen as too much the party boy.{{cn}} The couple had their first and only child, affectionately known as Scottie, in 1921.{{cn}} His drinking quickly escalated to the point of alcoholism.{{cn}} His wife also drank, but was not seen as an alcoholic. The couple fought quite often, being in a hostile state that was brought on by drinking. During their years together the couple spent their money too extravagantly, putting them in debt. The family went to France in early 1924, where he wrote ''The Great Gatsby''. While there Zelda’s partying ways went too far: she had an affair. Though they stayed together, the marriage was irreparably damaged. She later suffered mental breakdowns and ended up spending her life in and out of asylums. Fitzgerald eventually moved out of his family’s home and rented a house for himself. He was not providing a good enough environment for his 14 year old daughter so she was sent to a boarding school. Another family, the Obers, took over caring for her. Fitzgerald kept up writing to her and kept a hand over her education. Fitzgerald died in a girlfriend’s apartment in 1940. Zelda died in a fire at a sanitarium in 1948.{{cn}}

The parallels are quite obvious between the protagonist’s life and that of the author -- spending beyond his means, drinking to excess, and losing his child to another family. Though Fitzgerald’s wife died years after his own death, it could be argued that the parallel between his life and the death of Charlie Wales’s wife comes when Zelda had her affair.{{cn}} While the guilt he may have felt over his wife straying is not known, it is known that after that affair the marriage had essentially ended. It suffered a metaphoric death.

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Works Cited==
{{refbegin}}
* Bruccoli, Matthew J. “A Brief Life of Fitzgerald” F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. New York: Scribners, 1994. University of South Carolina F. Scott Fitzgerald Centenary. 4 Dec. 2003 <http://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/biography.html>
* {{Cite book
| last = Fitzgerald
| first = F. Scott
| date = 2002
| chapter = Babylon Revisited
| title = Reading and Writing about Literature
| editor-last = Sipiora
| editor-first = Phillip
| publisher = Prentice Hall
| location = Upper Saddle Creek, NJ
| pages = 6-18
}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Literary]]
[[Category:Short Stories]]
[[Category:Modenist]]
[[Category:20th Century]]

Yellow Woman

2021-09-03T23:44:59Z

DPatel: Edit character

{{Infobox short story
| name = Yellow Woman
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Leslie Marmon Silko|Leslie Marmon Silko]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''The Man to Send Rain Clouds: Contemporary Stories by American Indians''{{sfn|Fajardo-Acosta|2002}}
| publication_type = Anthology
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1874
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

"Yellow Woman" is a [[short story]] by Leslie Marmon Silko, originally published in the 1974 anthology ''The Man to Send Rain Clouds: Contemporary Stories by American Indians''.

==Summary==
An unnamed woman has a sexual encounter with a man that lasts several days despite her having a husband and child.

==Characters==
===Yellow Woman===
Yellow Woman is a female who leaves her family to have a brief sexual encounter with a Navajo man. Yellow Woman is not her real name. She has been kidnapped by a stranger when she was near the river.

===Silva===
Silva is the Navajo man that Yellow Woman runs away with for a brief time. The story leads you to believe he is a cattle thief and maybe even a murderer. Silva is a man who has kidnapped the woman.

===Grandfather===
Grandfather is just a memory to Yellow Woman now because he is dead. He told her all the stories about Yellow Woman.

===The Rancher===
The Rancher is a fat white man who has a sour smell to him. He and his people have been looking for Silva for a long time because he's a thief who rustles their cattle for the meat.

==Themes==
• Traditional native values versus contemporary American values.
* The roles of wife and mother at odds with desire.

==Works Cited==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.fajardo-acosta.com/worldlit/silko/yellow_woman.htm |title=Yellow Woman |last=Fajardo-Acosta |first=Fidel |date={{date|2002}} |website=Dr. Fidel Fajardo-Acosta's World Literature Website |publisher= |access-date={{date|2021-09-01|ISO}} }} Overview of themes and study questions.
* {{cite book |last=Silko |first=Leslie Marmon |date={{date|2002}} |title=Yellow Woman |url= |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=187–193] }}
{{refend}}

Yellow Woman

2021-09-03T23:43:17Z

DPatel: Added character

{{Infobox short story
| name = Yellow Woman
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Leslie Marmon Silko|Leslie Marmon Silko]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''The Man to Send Rain Clouds: Contemporary Stories by American Indians''{{sfn|Fajardo-Acosta|2002}}
| publication_type = Anthology
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1874
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

"Yellow Woman" is a [[short story]] by Leslie Marmon Silko, originally published in the 1974 anthology ''The Man to Send Rain Clouds: Contemporary Stories by American Indians''.

==Summary==
An unnamed woman has a sexual encounter with a man that lasts several days despite her having a husband and child.

==Characters==
===Yellow Woman===
Yellow Woman is a female who leaves her family to have a brief sexual encounter with a Navajo man. Yellow Woman is not her real name. She has been kidnapped by a stranger when she was near the river.

===Silva===
Silva is the Navajo man that Yellow Woman runs away with for a brief time. The story leads you to believe he is a cattle thief and maybe even a murderer.

===Grandfather===
Grandfather is just a memory to Yellow Woman now because he is dead. He told her all the stories about Yellow Woman.

===The Rancher===
The Rancher is a fat white man who has a sour smell to him. He and his people have been looking for Silva for a long time because he's a thief who rustles their cattle for the meat.

==Themes==
• Traditional native values versus contemporary American values.
* The roles of wife and mother at odds with desire.

==Works Cited==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.fajardo-acosta.com/worldlit/silko/yellow_woman.htm |title=Yellow Woman |last=Fajardo-Acosta |first=Fidel |date={{date|2002}} |website=Dr. Fidel Fajardo-Acosta's World Literature Website |publisher= |access-date={{date|2021-09-01|ISO}} }} Overview of themes and study questions.
* {{cite book |last=Silko |first=Leslie Marmon |date={{date|2002}} |title=Yellow Woman |url= |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |pages=187–193] }}
{{refend}}

Indian Camp

2021-09-01T23:01:48Z

DPatel: Added one more character

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

===Native Americans===
They are described by their action of helping the white man when requires. There is no specific names for them in the story.(10,20)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

== Plot Summary ==

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

Indian Camp

2021-09-01T22:47:12Z

DPatel: Added character

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

===Indian Woman's Husband===
The story in the textbook presents the husband as a helpless man who is deeply pained by his wife's screaming. He is unable to provide help which she needs. At the end, he cuts his own throat with a razor for some reason which never been known.(40)

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

== Plot Summary ==

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

Indian Camp

2021-09-01T22:18:23Z

DPatel: Added theme

{{Infobox short story
| name = Indian Camp
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Transatlantic Review''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1924
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}

'''“Indian Camp”''' is a 1924 short story by Ernest Hemingway.

==Characters==
===Nick===
Nick is a young boy who goes on a trip with his dad to an Indian Camp. He has no idea of what he is going to encounter when he arrives because his father did not tell him where they were going or why. The story is based on Nick's experiences at the Indian Camp.

===Nick's father===
Nick's father is a doctor who goes to the Indian Camp to help a young Indian woman give birth to her baby. Towards Nick he is very caring and he seems to be a good father.

===Uncle George===
Uncle George goes along with Nick and his father to the Indian Camp. He doesn't seem to be as nice and caring as Nick's father. The narrator of the story gives the reader the impression that he doesn't have any sort of attachments, and shows up whenever he wants to. Textual evidence suggests that George might be the baby’s father.

===Young Indian Woman===
The young Indian woman has been in labor for two days. Her baby is not turned correctly and Nick's father, the doctor, must operate on her. The doctor performs a Caesarian with a joack-knife and then sews her up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders. She is took weak to see her baby after it is born.

==Metaphors==
Nick and his father set out for the Indian Camp during the nighttime and come back during the day. This is a [[metaphor]] for Nick not knowing what he is going to encounter and then coming out of the whole situation by learning a few life lessons. "Other metaphoric relationships (father and son, white man and Indian, middle-class and poor) serve important purposes in this compelling story"(34).

== Plot Summary ==

==Major Themes==
One major [[theme]] of this story is how Nick matured after he witnessed both life and death.{{cn}} He went into the camp as being a young inexperienced boy and came out being confused about death. The trip started out as just being a doctor with his son going into an Indian camp to deliver a baby. Not only does he learn about new life by watching the woman give birth, he learns that sometimes women go through great pain. Women can sometimes have difficulty having children. One of these reasons could be because the baby is not turned the correct way. His father explains to him that babies should be born head first and that when they are not it can cause trouble for everybody. [29]

While they were there, the baby's father committed suicide. Nick witnessed birth and death on this trip. He came out with questions about life and death he would have never had before. Although Nick did mature a great deal, he is still young and doesn't fully understand everything he witnessed. ". . .he felt quite sure he would never die"(31). Nick doesn't yet understand that everyone has to die at some point in their life.{{cn}}

Another theme of the story was how the doctor treated the Indians in the story. He was very caring towards Nick, but when it came to the Indians he acted as if they had no feelings. "But her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important"(29). He didn't seem to care that he was in terrible pain and just continued with the surgery.

The point of a white doctor being called to aid the Indians helps push the notion that Western medicine had also advanced to the point that it's seemingly leaving Indian practices at the time obsolete.{{cn}}

There is also the father and son theme. The father have wish to educate his son, his son understood very well and also at the end asking questions instead of just receive his father's information." Do ladies always have such a hard time having babies, why did he kill himself Daddy, is dying hard?"(55,60)

==Works Cited==
Sipiora, Phillip. “Indian Camp.” Reading and Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002.
Robinson, Daniel (2020). "Cultural Appropriation, Acculturation, and Fatherhood: A Reading of "Indian Camp"". CEAMagazine: A Journal of the College English Association, Middle Atlantic Group. 28: 39-50.

User:DPatel/sandbox

2021-08-30T13:17:09Z

DPatel: Delete edit

User:DPatel/sandbox

2021-08-29T21:34:07Z

DPatel: cited short story

{{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The Case for 'Indian Camp'
| journal = The Hemingway Review
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}
{{Infobox short story
| name = Grimm's Fairy Tales
| author = Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
| title_orig = Children's and Household Tales
| country = Germany
| language = German
| genre = Fairy tale
| media_type = print
| pub_date = 20 December 1812
| english_pub_year = 1820s to 1920s
}}

User:DPatel/sandbox

2021-08-25T21:53:28Z

DPatel: Edit journal name

{{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The case for Indian Camp
| journal = The Hemingway Review
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}

User:DPatel

2021-08-25T21:49:27Z

DPatel: Added bio

Hello everyone, my name is Devanshi patel. I am nineteen year-old and born in India. I came to US one year ago from India. This is my second semester at MGA and my major is nursing. I love playing outdoor games and listening Bollywood music.

[[Category:Fall 2021]]

User:DPatel/sandbox

2021-08-25T21:39:32Z

DPatel: Remove Comma

{{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The case for Indian Camp
| journal = The Hemingway Review 2016 spring;
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}

User:DPatel/sandbox

2021-08-25T21:37:36Z

DPatel: Change Volume number

{{cite journal
| last = Donald A
| first = Daiker
| year = Spring 2016
| title = "In Defence of Hemingway's Doctor Adams: The case for Indian Camp"
| journal = The Hemingway Review 2016 spring;
| volume = 35
| issue = 2
| pages = 55-69
}}

User:DPatel/sandbox

2021-08-25T21:33:54Z

DPatel: Cited journal

ENGL 1102

2021-08-17T01:35:06Z

DPatel: Added category

{{Big|Welcome to the wiki page for ENGL 1102: English Composition II.}}

The objectives ENGL 1102 concentrate on the interpretation of literature in an attempt to develop critical-thinking, observation, analytical, and comprehension skills. Prerequisite: at least a “C” in ENGL 1101.

== Course Information ==
* [[grl:ENGL 1102/Fall 2021|Syllabus]]
*[[Talk:ENGL 1102, Fall 2021|Class Discussion]] — use this discussion to ask any questions about the course.

== Course Members ==
After you get an account, you may add it below. Next, be sure to write a short bio on your user page and set up your [[Writing Journal|writing journal]].
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* {{u|Glucas|Dr. Lucas}}
* {{u|Jhary|Jhary}}
* {{u|Zoria1|Zoria}}
* {{u|Jojo1221|Joy}}
* {{u|Camdino234|Cam}}

{{div col end}}
*{{u|DPatel|Devanshi}}

== Study Guides ==
Resources for the works we have studied this semester.

* [[w:James Baldwin|James Baldwin]] — “[[Sonny's Blues]]”
* [[w:Kate Chopin|Kate Chopin]] - “[[The Story of an Hour]]”
* [[w:Francis Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] - “[[Babylon Revisited]]”
* [[w:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] — “[[Indian Camp]]”
* [[w:James Joyce|James Joyce]] — “[[Araby]]” and ''[[The Dead]]''
* [[w:Jack London|Jack London]] - “[[To Build a Fire]]”
* [[w:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] — “[[The Cask of Amontillado]]”
* [[w:Leslie Marmon Silko|Leslie Marmon Silko]] - “[[Yellow Woman]]”
* [[w:Herman Melville|Herman Melville]] — ''[[Bartleby, the Scrivener]]''
* [[w:The Smiths|The Smiths]] — “[[Girlfriend in a Coma]]”
* [[w:Kurt Vonnegut|Kurt Vonnegut]] — “[[Harrison Bergeron]]”
* [[w:August Wilson|August Wilson]] — ''[[Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom]]''

==Literary==
* [[Literary Terms]]

[[Category:ENGL 1102]]
[[category:Fall 2021]]

User:DPatel

2021-08-17T01:27:24Z

DPatel: Added bio

Devanshi Patel
Freshman

ENGL 1102

2021-08-17T01:26:34Z

DPatel: Added name