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Perestroika 4.3

2006-04-27T04:50:47Z

Csmith: /* External Resources */ added recource

== Summary ==
The day darkens as Louis talks to Belize on the rim of the Bathesda Fountain in Central Park. Louis knows what Bethesda commemorates, and Belize says Louis "is nothing if not well informed" (226). Belize tells Louis about Prior and his visit to see Joe. Belize also informs Louis that Joe is Roy's "buttboy," to which Louis had no idea (226). Louis is in utter shock at this news. He accuses Belize of loving Prior and insults him. Belize tells Louis that he has a partner and that he hates America because of the horrible things he sees in his nursing profession.
== Notes ==
*'''Bethesda Fountain''' (225)- Located on the Bethesda Terrace in Central Park, New York. Designed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stebbins Emma Stebbins], celebrates the purifying of New York's water supply at the opening of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croton_Aqueduct Croton Aqueduct]. The statue holds a lily in one hand symbolizing purity, and the other hand is extended out blessing the water. underneath the statue are four smaller statues symbolizing Temperance,Purity, Health, and Peace.

*'''Hoss Cartwright''' (226)- character in the western show [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoss_Cartwright Bonanza] played by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Blocker Dan Blocker]

*'''sphincter''' (227)- muscle around the anus able to close an opening

*'''GOP''' (227)- term used when talking about the Republican party that stands for Grand Old Party

*'''polestar''' (227)- a guiding principal

== Commentary ==
== Study Questions ==
#What does Bathesda commemorate?
#Belize accuses Louis of only doing what with Joe?
#Louis refers to which character as the worst man who ever lived?
#What does Belize compare Louis to?

== External Resources ==
*[http://www.centralpark2000.com/database/bethesda_fountain.html www.centralpark2000.com]

*[https://www.donationreport.com/init/controller/ProcessEntryCmd?key=K9O8Y1H3Y5 GOP.com]

== Works Cited ==

Perestroika 4.3

2006-04-27T04:47:38Z

Csmith: /* Notes */ missed a space

Perestroika 4.3

2006-04-27T04:46:59Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

== Summary ==
The day darkens as Louis talks to Belize on the rim of the Bathesda Fountain in Central Park. Louis knows what Bethesda commemorates, and Belize says Louis "is nothing if not well informed" (226). Belize tells Louis about Prior and his visit to see Joe. Belize also informs Louis that Joe is Roy's "buttboy," to which Louis had no idea (226). Louis is in utter shock at this news. He accuses Belize of loving Prior and insults him. Belize tells Louis that he has a partner and that he hates America because of the horrible things he sees in his nursing profession.
== Notes ==
*'''Bethesda Fountain''' (225)- Located on the Bethesda Terrace in Central Park, New York. Designed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stebbins Emma Stebbins], celebrates the purifying of New York's water supply at the opening of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croton_Aqueduct Croton Aqueduct]. The statue holds a lily in one hand symbolizing purity, and the other hand is extended out blessing the water. underneath the statue are four smaller statues symbolizing Temperance,
Purity, Health, and Peace.

*'''Hoss Cartwright''' (226)- character in the western show [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoss_Cartwright Bonanza] played by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Blocker Dan Blocker]

*'''sphincter''' (227)- muscle around the anus able to close an opening

*'''GOP''' (227)- term used when talking about the Republican party that stands for Grand Old Party

*'''polestar''' (227)- a guiding principal

== Commentary ==
== Study Questions ==
#What does Bathesda commemorate?
#Belize accuses Louis of only doing what with Joe?
#Louis refers to which character as the worst man who ever lived?
#What does Belize compare Louis to?

== External Resources ==
== Works Cited ==

Perestroika 4.2

2006-04-27T04:15:34Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

==Summary==
Prior decides to pay Joe a visit at his office to see what he looks like. Belize reluctantly goes with him. When Prior sees Joe, he makes a comment about Harper. Joe wonders how he knows his wife. Before he walks out, Prior belittles Joe's job as a clerk filing things. Belize has a look at Joe, and they instantly recognize each other, but Belize denies that she is Roy's nurse. As Prior and Belize are about to leave, Joe approaches them and questions how Prior knows Harper. Prior pretends he is a mental patient and that Belize is his nurse, and they never answer any of Joe's questions.
==Notes==
*'''Whore of Babylon''' (223)- figure, in the christian religion, of great or supreme evil

*'''Marlboro Man''' (223)- image of a rugged cowboy used by the Phillip Morris company for the brand of Marlboro cigarette

*'''Bullwinkle''' (225)- cartoon moose who isn't very smart featured on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullwinkle The Rocky and Bullwikle Show]

==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
#What does Prior say his new hobby is?
#Who does Prior say Joe resembles?
#Prior says the "Whore of Babylon," referring to which character?
#What does Prior tell Belize that Joe makes him feel like?
#Prior pretends that his will is being contested, which refers to what legal term?
==External Resources==
==Works Cited==

Angels in America

2006-04-27T01:52:17Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */ rearranged order

[[Image:Angels-in-america-04.jpg|thumb|Angels in America]]

==Factual Information==
==Biography==

==Study Guide==

===Part One: Millennium Approaches===
====Act One: Bad News====
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.1|Act One, Scene 1]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.2|Act One, Scene 2]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.3|Act One, Scene 3]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.4|Act One, Scene 4]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.5|Act One, Scene 5]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.6|Act One, Scene 6]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.7|Act One, Scene 7]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.8|Act One, Scene 8]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 1.9|Act One, Scene 9]]
====Act Two: In Vitro====
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.1|Act Two, Scene 1]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.2|Act Two, Scene 2]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.3|Act Two, Scene 3]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.4|Act Two, Scene 4]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.5|Act Two, Scene 5]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.6|Act Two, Scene 6]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.7|Act Two, Scene 7]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.8|Act Two, Scene 8]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.9|Act Two, Scene 9]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 2.10|Act Two, Scene 10]]
====Act Three: Not-Yet-Conscious, Foward Dawning====
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.1|Act Three, Scene 1]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.2|Act Three, Scene 2]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.3|Act Three, Scene 3]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.4|Act Three, Scene 4]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.5|Act Three, Scene 5]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.6|Act Three, Scene 6]]
#[[Millennium Approaches 3.7|Act Three, Scene 7]]

===Part Two: Perestroika===
====Act One: Spooj====
#[[Perestroika 1.1|Act One, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 1.2|Act One, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 1.3|Act One, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 1.4|Act One, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 1.5|Act One, Scene 5]]
#[[Perestroika 1.6|Act One, Scene 6]]
====Act Two: The Epistle====
#[[Perestroika 2.1|Act Two, Scene 1]]

====Act Three: Borborygmi====
#[[Perestroika 3.1|Act Three, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 3.2|Act Three, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 3.3|Act Three, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 3.4|Act Three, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 3.5|Act Three, Scene 5]]
====Act Four: John Brown's Body====
#[[Perestroika 4.1|Act Four, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 4.2|Act Four, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 4.3|Act Four, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 4.4|Act Four, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 4.5|Act Four, Scene 5]]
#[[Perestroika 4.6|Act Four, Scene 6]]
#[[Perestroika 4.7|Act Four, Scene 7]]
#[[Perestroika 4.8|Act Four, Scene 8]]
#[[Perestroika 4.9|Act Four, Scene 9]]
====Act Five: Heaven, I'm in Heaven====
#[[Perestroika 5.1|Act Five, Scene 1]]
#[[Perestroika 5.2|Act Five, Scene 2]]
#[[Perestroika 5.3|Act Five, Scene 3]]
#[[Perestroika 5.4|Act Five, Scene 4]]
#[[Perestroika 5.5|Act Five, Scene 5]]
#[[Perestroika 5.6|Act Five, Scene 6]]
#[[Perestroika 5.7|Act Five, Scene 7]]
#[[Perestroika 5.8|Act Five, Scene 8]]
#[[Perestroika 5.9|Act Five, Scene 9]]
#[[Perestroika 5.10|Act Five, Scene 10]]
====Epilogue: Bethesda====
#[[Perestroika Epilogue]]

==Characters==

[[The Angel]]

[[Emily]]

[[The Eskimo]]

[[Ethel Rosenberg]]

[[Hannah Porter Pitt]]

[[Harper Amaty Pitt]]

[[Henry]]

[[Joseph Porter Pitt]]

[[Louis Ironson]]

[[The Man in the Park]]

[[Martin Heller]]

[[Mr. Lies]]

[[Norman Arriaga]] AKA: Belize

[[Prior I]]

[[Prior II]]

[[Prior Walter]]

[[Rabbi Isidor Chemelwitz]]

[[Roy Cohn]]

[[Sister Ella Chapter]]

[[The Voice]]

[[The Woman in the South Bronx]]

[[Belize]]

==Major Themes==
''Angels in America'' is in many ways a play about conversion.The experience of HIV illness is often conceived as involving a conversion of the self, and Prior's discovery that he has AIDS is depicted in part as making him a new person: I'm a lessionnaire". The Angel's visitation to Prior takes the form of a mission of conversion:given a new identity, Prior is like Joseph Smith, to become Prophet of a new dispensation. Indeed, in the course of the play all its characters undergo startling shifts in identity. Hannah is not only physically transplanted to New York but becomes ''"noticeably different--she looks like a New Yorker''. Roy , who clings tenaciously to his professional status a a lawyer,is disbarred just before his death. Harper moves through a period of dysfunction to strike out on her own, choosing "the real San Francisco, on earth," with its "unspeakable beauty" (Kruger 4).

Kushner uses split scenes to make more explicit the contrapuntal relationship between these seemingly disconnected narrative worlds. Roy's meeting with Joe, to discuss the junior attorney's future as a "Roy-Boy" in Washington, occurs alongside the scene in which Louis is sodomized in the Central Park Rambles by a leather clad mama's boy.Louis's mini-symposium at the coffee shop is simultaneous with Prior's medical checkup at an outpatient clinic. Dreams,ghosts, and a flock of dithering, hermaphroditic angels are also used to break through the play's realistic structure, to conjoin seemingly disparate characters, and to reveal the poetic resonances and interconnectedness of everyday life (McNulty 4).

==Major Symbols==

==Influences==

==Study Questions==
#Many of the gay characters struggle with the question of how their sexuality should be, and several come out in different ways during the course of the play. Discuss the meaning of the ''closet'' — are closeted characters different from uncloseted ones? What implications does coming out have for self and community?
#"It's law not justice," Joe tells Louis during their final breakup. Discuss the themes of law and justice as they appear in the play. Is Joe correct that the two are separate entities? Or does the play encourage a more visionary potential of the law?
#Belize stands out as exceptionally compassionate and good, yet at times seems two-dimensional. Which view is correct? Is Belize a virtuous stereotype or a complex moral authority?
#What does the subtitle "A Gay Fantasia on National Themes" suggest? What national themes are evident in the plays? What is the relationship between "gay" and "national"?
#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perestroika Perestroika] was the term for Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of political and economic reform in the Soviet Union. In what ways does the play represent the possibility of ''perestroika'' in America? Is this an appropriate title for part two?
#Choosing at least two examples ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Rosenberg The Rosenberg Trial], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_earthquake The San Francisco Earthquake], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl Chernobyl], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_administration The Reagan Administration]), analyze the role of history in the plays. Does Kushner more or less depict events as they happened? If not, what dramatic and thematic purposes does he serve by shading the facts?
#As a "fantasia," ''Angels in America'' is a major departure from prevailing theatrical realism, with detours into the religious and the supernatural — angels, ghosts, apparitions, and visions appear over and over. What effect do these fantastical elements have on the play as a whole? Go beyond a simple analysis of plot to consider the implications for characters, messages, and themes.
#Is there any connection between [[the Angel]], and [[Mr. Lies]].

==Additional Resources==
*[http://www.januarymagazine.com/artcult/angelsinam.html Larger Than Life] - A review of'' Angels in America'' by Tony Buchsbaum.
*[http://www.hbo.com/films/angelsinamerica/cast/kushner_interview.html HBO Interview with Tony Kusher]

==Works Cited==

* Garner, Stanton B. ''"Angels in America: The Millennium and Postmodern Memory," in Approaching the Millenium, Essays on Angels in America,'' edited by Deborah R. Geis and Steven F. Kruger, University of Michigan Press, 1987: pp.173-84.

* Glenn, Lane A.. "Angels in America." ''Drama for Students''. Gale, 1999.

* Kruger, Steven F. ''"Identity and Conversion in Angels in America."in Approaching the Millennium: Essays on "Angels in America."'' edited by Deborah R. Geis and Steven F.Kruger, University of Michigan Press, 1997: pp. 151-69.

* Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

* Layman, Bruccoli Clark. ''"Tony Kushner,"in Dictionary of Literary Biography,'' Volume 228: Twentienth Century American Dramatists, Second Series. Edited by Christopher J. Wheatley.

* McNutty, Charles. ''"Angels in America: Tony Kushner's Theses on the Philosophy of History."'' Modern Drama 39,no.1 (Spring 1996): 84-96.

* Meisner, Natalie. ''Messing with the Idyllic: The Performance of Femininity in Kushner's Angels in America''. ''The Yale Journal of Criticism'' 16,no.1 (2003): 177-189.

* Quinn, John R. ''"Corpus Juris Tertium: Redemptive Jurisprudence in Angels in America."'' Theatre Journal 48,no.1 (March 1996): 79-90.

* Trilling, Lionel, et. al. ''Bloom’s Period Studies: Modern American Drama''. Chelsea House Publishers, 2005.

[[Category:Literature]]

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T01:47:38Z

Csmith: /* Notes */ fixed lincs

==Summary==
Split scene involving Louis and Prior on a park bench, and Roy and Joe in Roy's hospital room. Roy gives Joe his blessing, and Joe admits to Roy that he is homosexual. Roy does not take the news well, stands up which makes his IV fall out, and tells Joe to go home to his wife and never to talk to him about being homosexual again. Belize takes care of Roy's wound where the IV was, and Roy has another series of terrible spasms during which Ethel Appears

Lewis meets with Prior, and tells Prior that he misses him and wants to make up. Prior is bitter, and inquires about Lewis seeing other people. Prior realizes what the "Threshold of revelation." (Kushner 217) meant. Prior then tells Louis to not come back until he had visible bruises.

==Notes==
*'''Kissinger''' (213)- Henery Kissinger served as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State Secretary of State] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor National Security Advisor] under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon Nixon] administration

*'''Schultz''' (213)- George P. Schultz served as secretary of state from 1982 to 1989

*'''conservatism''' (213)- political philosophy focusing on established institution, gradual change, and social stability

*'''Mao''' (213)- Mao Zedong served as chairman of the central comitte of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until death

*'''miasma''' (213)- a vapor that was believed to cause disease, or influence that caused corruption

*'''stygian''' (214)- dark and dismal

*'''moxy''' (214)- determination, or energy

*'''Schmendrick''' (214)- character in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmendrick_the_Magician "The Last Unicorn"]

*'''Jacob''' (214)- figure from the Bible who wrestles and angel and dislocates his hip, but for his tenacity is blessed by god

*'''atonement''' (216)- reconciliation for a wrong suffered

*'''exoneration''' (216)- to be set free from blame

==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
# What former U.S. President does Roy refer to in the beginning of the act?
# Who's blessing did Roy ask Joe about?
# How old was Roy when he had the spur on his nose cut off?
# What did Prior already know about Louis's new lover?
# What causes Roy to bleed profusely?
# What does Roy tell Joe when Joe admits his homosexuality?
# What does Belize tell Joe to do with his shirt?
# What does Prior say he doesn't believe Louis has?
# What does Roy tell Belize is good for the soul?

==External Resources==
* [http://www.xenos.org/teachings/ot/genesis/gary/gen25-2.htm Xenos Christian Fellowship]

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T01:46:04Z

Csmith: /* External Resources */ etidet the way i inserted linc

==Summary==
Split scene involving Louis and Prior on a park bench, and Roy and Joe in Roy's hospital room. Roy gives Joe his blessing, and Joe admits to Roy that he is homosexual. Roy does not take the news well, stands up which makes his IV fall out, and tells Joe to go home to his wife and never to talk to him about being homosexual again. Belize takes care of Roy's wound where the IV was, and Roy has another series of terrible spasms during which Ethel Appears

Lewis meets with Prior, and tells Prior that he misses him and wants to make up. Prior is bitter, and inquires about Lewis seeing other people. Prior realizes what the "Threshold of revelation." (Kushner 217) meant. Prior then tells Louis to not come back until he had visible bruises.

==Notes==
*'''Kissinger''' (213)- Henery Kissinger served as Secretary of State[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State] and National Security Advisor[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor] under the Nixon[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon] administration

*'''Schultz''' (213)- George P. Schultz served as secretary of state from 1982 to 1989

*'''conservatism''' (213)- political philosophy focusing on established institution, gradual change, and social stability

*'''Mao''' (213)- Mao Zedong served as chairman of the central comitte of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until death

*'''miasma''' (213)- a vapor that was believed to cause disease, or influence that caused corruption

*'''stygian''' (214)- dark and dismal

*'''moxy''' (214)- determination, or energy

*'''Schmendrick''' (214)- character in "The Last Unicorn"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmendrick_the_Magician]

*'''Jacob''' (214)- figure from the Bible who wrestles and angel and dislocates his hip, but for his tenacity is blessed by god

*'''atonement''' (216)- reconciliation for a wrong suffered

*'''exoneration''' (216)- to be set free from blame

==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
# What former U.S. President does Roy refer to in the beginning of the act?
# Who's blessing did Roy ask Joe about?
# How old was Roy when he had the spur on his nose cut off?
# What did Prior already know about Louis's new lover?
# What causes Roy to bleed profusely?
# What does Roy tell Joe when Joe admits his homosexuality?
# What does Belize tell Joe to do with his shirt?
# What does Prior say he doesn't believe Louis has?
# What does Roy tell Belize is good for the soul?

==External Resources==
* [http://www.xenos.org/teachings/ot/genesis/gary/gen25-2.htm Xenos Christian Fellowship]

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T01:44:58Z

Csmith: /* Study Questions */

==Summary==
Split scene involving Louis and Prior on a park bench, and Roy and Joe in Roy's hospital room. Roy gives Joe his blessing, and Joe admits to Roy that he is homosexual. Roy does not take the news well, stands up which makes his IV fall out, and tells Joe to go home to his wife and never to talk to him about being homosexual again. Belize takes care of Roy's wound where the IV was, and Roy has another series of terrible spasms during which Ethel Appears

Lewis meets with Prior, and tells Prior that he misses him and wants to make up. Prior is bitter, and inquires about Lewis seeing other people. Prior realizes what the "Threshold of revelation." (Kushner 217) meant. Prior then tells Louis to not come back until he had visible bruises.

==Notes==
*'''Kissinger''' (213)- Henery Kissinger served as Secretary of State[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State] and National Security Advisor[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor] under the Nixon[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon] administration

*'''Schultz''' (213)- George P. Schultz served as secretary of state from 1982 to 1989

*'''conservatism''' (213)- political philosophy focusing on established institution, gradual change, and social stability

*'''Mao''' (213)- Mao Zedong served as chairman of the central comitte of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until death

*'''miasma''' (213)- a vapor that was believed to cause disease, or influence that caused corruption

*'''stygian''' (214)- dark and dismal

*'''moxy''' (214)- determination, or energy

*'''Schmendrick''' (214)- character in "The Last Unicorn"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmendrick_the_Magician]

*'''Jacob''' (214)- figure from the Bible who wrestles and angel and dislocates his hip, but for his tenacity is blessed by god

*'''atonement''' (216)- reconciliation for a wrong suffered

*'''exoneration''' (216)- to be set free from blame

==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
# What former U.S. President does Roy refer to in the beginning of the act?
# Who's blessing did Roy ask Joe about?
# How old was Roy when he had the spur on his nose cut off?
# What did Prior already know about Louis's new lover?
# What causes Roy to bleed profusely?
# What does Roy tell Joe when Joe admits his homosexuality?
# What does Belize tell Joe to do with his shirt?
# What does Prior say he doesn't believe Louis has?
# What does Roy tell Belize is good for the soul?

==External Resources==
* Xenos Christian Fellowship [http://www.xenos.org/teachings/ot/genesis/gary/gen25-2.htm]

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T01:31:24Z

Csmith: /* External Resources */

==Summary==
Split scene involving Louis and Prior on a park bench, and Roy and Joe in Roy's hospital room. Roy gives Joe his blessing, and Joe admits to Roy that he is homosexual. Roy does not take the news well, stands up which makes his IV fall out, and tells Joe to go home to his wife and never to talk to him about being homosexual again. Belize takes care of Roy's wound where the IV was, and Roy has another series of terrible spasms during which Ethel Appears

Lewis meets with Prior, and tells Prior that he misses him and wants to make up. Prior is bitter, and inquires about Lewis seeing other people. Prior realizes what the "Threshold of revelation." (Kushner 217) meant. Prior then tells Louis to not come back until he had visible bruises.

==Notes==
*'''Kissinger''' (213)- Henery Kissinger served as Secretary of State[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State] and National Security Advisor[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor] under the Nixon[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon] administration

*'''Schultz''' (213)- George P. Schultz served as secretary of state from 1982 to 1989

*'''conservatism''' (213)- political philosophy focusing on established institution, gradual change, and social stability

*'''Mao''' (213)- Mao Zedong served as chairman of the central comitte of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until death

*'''miasma''' (213)- a vapor that was believed to cause disease, or influence that caused corruption

*'''stygian''' (214)- dark and dismal

*'''moxy''' (214)- determination, or energy

*'''Schmendrick''' (214)- character in "The Last Unicorn"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmendrick_the_Magician]

*'''Jacob''' (214)- figure from the Bible who wrestles and angel and dislocates his hip, but for his tenacity is blessed by god

*'''atonement''' (216)- reconciliation for a wrong suffered

*'''exoneration''' (216)- to be set free from blame

==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
==External Resources==
* Xenos Christian Fellowship [http://www.xenos.org/teachings/ot/genesis/gary/gen25-2.htm]

==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T01:29:32Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

==Summary==
Split scene involving Louis and Prior on a park bench, and Roy and Joe in Roy's hospital room. Roy gives Joe his blessing, and Joe admits to Roy that he is homosexual. Roy does not take the news well, stands up which makes his IV fall out, and tells Joe to go home to his wife and never to talk to him about being homosexual again. Belize takes care of Roy's wound where the IV was, and Roy has another series of terrible spasms during which Ethel Appears

Lewis meets with Prior, and tells Prior that he misses him and wants to make up. Prior is bitter, and inquires about Lewis seeing other people. Prior realizes what the "Threshold of revelation." (Kushner 217) meant. Prior then tells Louis to not come back until he had visible bruises.

==Notes==
*'''Kissinger''' (213)- Henery Kissinger served as Secretary of State[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State] and National Security Advisor[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor] under the Nixon[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon] administration

*'''Schultz''' (213)- George P. Schultz served as secretary of state from 1982 to 1989

*'''conservatism''' (213)- political philosophy focusing on established institution, gradual change, and social stability

*'''Mao''' (213)- Mao Zedong served as chairman of the central comitte of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until death

*'''miasma''' (213)- a vapor that was believed to cause disease, or influence that caused corruption

*'''stygian''' (214)- dark and dismal

*'''moxy''' (214)- determination, or energy

*'''Schmendrick''' (214)- character in "The Last Unicorn"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmendrick_the_Magician]

*'''Jacob''' (214)- figure from the Bible who wrestles and angel and dislocates his hip, but for his tenacity is blessed by god

*'''atonement''' (216)- reconciliation for a wrong suffered

*'''exoneration''' (216)- to be set free from blame

==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
==External Resources==
==Works Cited==
*Kushner, Tony. ''Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes''. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T00:20:28Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T00:19:24Z

Csmith: /* Summary */

Perestroika 4.1

2006-04-27T00:01:44Z

Csmith: added divisions

==Summary==
==Notes==
==Commentary==
==Study Questions==
==External Resources==
==Works Cited==

Sister Ella Chapter

2006-04-26T23:59:19Z

Csmith:

A Salt Lake City real-estate agent who is Hannah's best friend. Sells Hannah's House in Salt Lake City for her, but tells Hannah she should stay.

Rabbi Isidor Chemelwitz

2006-04-26T23:50:34Z

Csmith:

Orthodox Jewish rabbi who speaks at Sara Ironson's, Louis's mother, funeral, and is later seen in heaven playing cards with Sara.

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-23T17:51:25Z

Csmith: /* The Bird Cage */

==Factual Information==
A [[novel]]/[[novella]] by American writer [[Truman Capote]] published in 1958 by Random House, Inc., New York.

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm Truman Capote (1924-1984) - original name Truman Streckfus Persons

==Study Guide==
Below are the thirteen major sections of the [[novella]]. Since Capote did not use chapters, these are indicated by the double line break on the page. There might be more sections, or a more logical means of distinguishing them, but these arbitrary divisions will work for our purposes.

#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 1|Section one (3-14)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 2|Section two (14-47)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 3|Section three (47-53)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 4|Section four (53-55)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 5|Section five (55-63)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 6|Section six (63-72)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7|Section seven (72-74)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8|Section eight (74-85)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 9|Section nine (85-93)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 10|Section ten (93-97)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 11|Section eleven (97-104)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 12|Section twelve (104-109)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 13|Section thirteen (109-111)]]

==Characters==
===Paul/Narrator===
An aspiring writer who lives above Holly in his New York apartment. He is affectionately referred to as "Fred" by Holly until her brother dies. After her brother's death, she only refers to him as "Buster". He enjoys drinking bourbon and reading Simenon. He becomes friends with Holly and Joe Bell and he later falls in love with Holly. He seems to be a passive man, and is suspected of being homosexual due to the lack of sexual nature of his and Holly's relationship. His character closely resembles Capote in his own life. AKA the Capote Narrator.

===Holiday "Holly" Golightly===
True name is Lulamae Barnes. At age 14 she married Doc Golightly near Tulip, Texas. Her parents both passed away from TB, and she was sent to stay with some ‘mean people’ approximately 100 miles east of Tulip. She and her brother, Fred, ran away and would steal in order to eat. After being caught stealing by one of Doc’s daughters, he fell in love with her and asked her to marry him. Though she ran away from him at age 14, she feels she owes a lot to Doc because he gave her confidence in herself. Discovered in California by O.J. Berman, she was given French lessons to rid her of her country accent, and modeled after Margaret Sullavan. Later she posed as niece to Sally Tomato in exchange for money to deliver ‘weather reports’ from Sing Sing to his lawyer.

Just shy of being 19 at the beginning of the story, Holly is described physically as ageless, having short, boy styled hair with a hodgepodge of colors including white blonde and yellow streaks (self colored), and being thin but a clean and healthy look about her. Her cheeks are pink and she has very large mouth and warm, blue, green, and brown eyes, which she hides behind large, prescription sunglasses at all hours. Her nose is turned up at the end, like a pixie. She is always well groomed, with a tendency to dress in good taste, but plainly, in grays and blues which seems to make her shine even more.

Holly believes strongly in being free to roam where ever her whim should take her. Although she resides in apartment 2 of the brownstone, she seems to not have a home. Her inability to keep up with her apartment key, her nameless cat, and the sparse furnishings in her apartment illustrate well her lack of commitment to one place or thing. Even her mail box card is non-committing : Miss Holiday Golightly, Traveling. Although she seems so free spirited, later in the novella we find that she desperately does want to find a place to call her own; a place that makes her feel secure as Tiffany’s does.

Holly smokes Picayunes, a type of cigarette; which irony is found when one realizes in Spanish it means “something of very little value, a trifle.” On occasion she also confessed to smoking marijuana, and seems to be a drinker. She loyally reads tabloids, travel folders, and astrological charts, as well as letters from her brother overseas. She plays the guitar very well (taught to her by Doc) and sings a little. Although her profession is never named, she makes it part of her job to study horses and baseball, and trained herself to like men over 40 who give her considerable amounts of money to visit the powder room. Holly considers herself bisexual.

She has no qualms about lying when it amuses or benefits her. She seems to have loyalties to no one except for her brother, Fred, with whom she fantasizes about having a horse farm near the sea in Mexico. Being rich and famous is in the top of her priorities. The narrator describes her as a lopsided romantic, as well as a crude exhibitionist, a time waster, and an utter fake.

===Joe Bell===
Owner of a quiet bar on Lexington Avenue, referred to as Joe Bell's. Physically described to be small, with fine coarse white hair, a sloping bony face better suited to a tall person, and a complexion which always appears sunburnt. He has a froggy voice. Suspected to be homosexual. Devoted to and loves Holly; took numerous phone messages for her when she was in New York, and through out the years during her absence has constantly looked for her in the streets. He doesn't have an easy nature, self described due to being a bachelor and having a sour stomach, which he regularly self medicates with Tums. He is very difficult to talk to unless you are interested in Holly, ice hockey, Weimaraner dogs, Our Gal Sunday (Soap serial on for 15 years), and Gilbert or Sullivan. He has a froggy voice. He's talented at flower arranging, and keeps fresh flowers in his bar.

===I. Y. Yunioshi===
Mistakenly said to be from Japan by Bell; but truly from California. He is a photographer featured in a magazine called Winchell, and lived in the studio apartment, top floor of brownstone, during Holly’s time living there.

===Negro man from Africa===
Tall, delicate, man, who wore a calico skirt. He is a talented wood sculptor from the S Tribe, in Tococul, East Anglia. He was photographed by Yunioshi on Christmas Day in 1956, depicting him with a "shy, yet vain smile, displaying in his hands an odd wood sculpture," of the head of Holly Golightly (p6). Shared a mat with Holly Golightly in Spring of that same year.

===Madame Sapphia Spanella===
Tenant of brownstone. Described as a husky, coloratura (a singer, usually a soprano, who specializes in music characterized by trills and runs) who goes roller-skating every afternoon in Central Park. She began a petition in the brownstone to evict Holly for being “morally objectionable and the perpetrator of all night gatherings that endanger the safety and sanity of her neighbors (p. 64).”

===Sid Arbuck===
Escorted Holly home the first evening Fred sees her. He picked up the check for five of her friends, whom he did not know, and expected to stay the evening with her. Apparently he did not succeed due to giving her only twenty cents to go to the powder-room.

===Fred===
Holly’s favorite of four brothers. When the family was separated to live with different foster homes after their parents' death, she and Fred were together. He was the only one who would let her hug him when it was cold as a child. Described to be 6’2” and ‘slow’ or ‘stupid’. Had a great love for peanut butter. Was in the 8th grade for three years, then was drafted into the army where he eventually died.

===Sally Tomato===
Looks like a monk with gold teeth to Holly. He speaks very little English. While in Sing Sing prison, he was visited every Thursday by Golightly, and gives her a “weather report”. Revealed to be the notorious Mafia-führer Salvatore "Sally" Tomato. At one time he would hang out at Joe Bell’s often, but didn’t socialize with anyone.

===O.J. Berman===
An agent who met Holly at Santa Anita, CA when she was 15. Smokes cigars, wears Knize cologne. Wears elevated heals, appears to be a midget, freckled, large head, bald, pointed elven ears, Pekingese eyes which are bulged and unpitying. Hair sprouts from his ears and nose, and has hairy hands. He has a jerky metallic rhythm to his speech. Considers himself sensitive, and loves Holly.

===Benny Polan===
Asked Holly to marry him; he spent thousands of dollars sending her to psychiatrists.

===Cecil B. DeMille & Gary Cooper===
Actors starring in The Story of Dr Wassell.

===Rutherford (Rusty) Trawler===
Middle aged, baby faced, fat and appeared to be a spoiled child. Lost both parents in 1908 at age 5, his father a victim of anarchist and his mother died of shock. This made him instantly a millionaire and celebrity. His godfather arrested for sodomy due to him, and has divorced 3 times. He offered to marry Unity Mitford if Hitler didn’t, thus was referred to as a Nazi by many. Attended rallies in Yorkville. Acts as though he should be in diapers, Holly said he should be wearing a skirt. Talks in a whiney voice. Thinks girls are literally dolls. And although believed to be homosexual, he marries Mag Wildwood.

===Mag Wildwood (Margaret Thatcher Fitzhue Wildwood)===
Her home town is Wildwood, Arkansas. Models for Yunioshi for the Bazaar. Described to be extremely thin, flat chested, and over 6 feet tall, with a stutter that she over exaggerates. She lives at the Winslow. All men in her family were soldiers, and there is a statue of her father in Wildwood. She is very proud of her country, and considers herself a warmhearted person. She knits. Temporarily roomed with Holly and was engaged to Jose even though she was often referred to as being a lesbian.

===Jose Ybarra-Jaegar===
A Brazilian with a German mother. He aims to be the president of Brazil. Has a strong latin accent, originally Wildwood’s lover and later became Holly’s. He is described to be intelligent, presentable, and very serious about his work, which is related to the government. He is in Washington 3 days a week. His priorities are maintaining his good name and work, and broke his engagement with Holly due to her arrest and publicity with Sally Tomato.

===Mildred Grossman===
A girl who went to school with the narrator. Described as a top heavy realist with moist hair greasy glasses covering flat eyes. She dissected frogs and went to picket lines, only examined stars to gauge their chemical tonnage. Compared to Holly by the narrator to be a Siamese twin; they would never change because they’d been given their character too soon. (p.58)

===Doc Golightly===
Farmer, horse doctor, and husband of Holly/Lulamae, from Tulip, Texas. He is described to be very provocative, early fifties w/ a hard weathered face, and gray forlorn eyes. He appeared in New York outside the brownstone wearing an old sweat-stained gray hat, a pale blue, cheap summer suit, loose on his lanky frame. He wore brand new brown shoes. He likes to whistle, and has a very countrified drawl. Smells of tobacco and sweat, and keeps a toothpick in his mouth to chew on. He is very forward when speaking with the narrator. He came via Greyhound to see Holly/Lulamae. His first wife passed away on July 4th 1936, and married Holly/Lulamae December 38 when she was just shy of age 14.

===Nellie===
Doc’s oldest daughter, discovered Fred and Lulamae stealing milk and turkey eggs.

==Major Themes==
===Delight in the Unorthodox===
Plimpton writes that the theme in ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s'' is that there are special, strange gifted people in the world and they have to be treated with understanding (175). When something is unorthodox it breaks with convention or tradition. All of the characters in the novella ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' took delight in unique unorthodox ways. Homosexuality was considered to be unorthodox in the fifties and some people even consider it to be unorthodox today.

Holly Golightly was unorthodox by leaving her husband and by embracing homosexuality like she did. Tison Pugh writes, "...we can see that Holly's friendships with gay men are one sign of her progressive sexual politics" (2). Holly believed in things that were unconventional and unorthodox. Paul Levine writes that,"...Holly too is a hard-headed romantic, a [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pragmatic pragmatic] [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=idealist idealist]" (351). Holly definitely took delight in her unorthodox ways. Not only did Holly Golightly take delight in her unorthodox ways, but the narrator also took delight in his unorthodox ways.

The narrator was more content with just being himself than he was with fitting the mold. Holly Golightly says that all straight men either like baseball or horses, and in her apartment there are books about horses and baseball. The narrator goes over to the book shelf and pretends to be interested when he says, "Pretending an interest in horseflesh and How to Tell It gave me sufficiently private opportunity for sizing Holly's friends" (Capote 35). If the narrator had liked baseball he would have picked up a book on baseball instead of pretending he liked horses. In other words the narrator is gay, and he is not really concerned with other's thoughts.

Joe Bell is also a different type of character. He owns a bar, pops tums like candy, and takes care of flowers. Joe Bell's hobbies are hockey players, [http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art4814.asp weimaraner dogs], and [http://math.boisestate.edu/GaS/ Gilbert and Sullivan] (Capote 4). The narrator even goes on to say that Joe Bell is related to either Gilbert or Sullivan. "Since Sullivan is rumored to be have been a homosexual...the passage slyly hints that the bartender is part of Sullivan's family, a fellow gay man to his beloved composer" (Tison 2). Joe Bell also "arranges flowers with matronly care" (Capote 5). In today's society a masculine straight man does not arrange flowers with matronly care. All three of the main characters took delight in their unorthodox ways.

===Quest for Home/Belonging===

Holly Golightly is a pure example of someone that is untameable. It's no wonder how she got that way. Doc Golightly, her husband, says, "Story was: their mother died of TB ([http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/faqs/qa.htm Tuberculosis]), and their papa done the same - and all the churren, a whole raft of 'em, they been sent off to live with different mean people" (Capote 68). From that line it is obvious that Holly Golightly never really had a home. She appears to spend the rest of her time trying to find one.

One home that Holly has is at Tiffany's. Holly says, "It calms me down right away, the quietness and proud look of it; nothing bad could happen to you there, not with those kind of men in their nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets. If I could find a real life place that made me feel like Tiffany's, then I'd buy some furniture and give the cat a name" (Capote 40). Matthew Cash states that this scene shows Holly's innocence and search for a home (3).

Holly spends much of her time trying to belong to something or someone while at the same time trying not to. Perhaps she had abandonment issues. "On the first night that Holly came to visit the narrator in his appartment she ends up sleeping beside him, showing that Holly needs someone who is comforting instead of lusting toward her" (Cash 4). Perhaps Holly just needed to feel a love that didn't require anything back of her. Holly was human and she desired love, but at the same time she retreated when the narrator asked her why she was crying. Holly jumps up and heads for the window while hollering, "I hate snoops" (Capote 27). Holly had a desire for a home and a place to belong, but she appeared to be very leary of it all.

===Never Love a Wild Thing===

Holly Golightly considered herself to be wild. She gives Joe Bell this speach and she says, "Never love a wild thing, Mr. Bell...That was Doc's mistake. He was always lugging home wild things. A hawk with a hurt wing. One time it was a full-grown bobcat with a broken leg. But you can't give your heart to a wild thing: the more you do, the stronger they get. Until they're strong enough to run into the woods. Or fly into a tree. then a taller tree. Then the sky. That's how you'll end up, Mr. Bell. If you let yourself love a wild thing. You'll end up looking at the sky" (Capote 74).

Holly goes on to say, "Good luck: and believe me, dearest Doc - it's better to look at the sky than live there. Such an empty place; so vague. Just a country where the thunder goes and things disappear" (Capote 74). In one sentence she is telling Joe Bell not to love a wild thing and in the next she is admitting how unhappy she is. In the beginning of the story Joe Bell admits his love for Holly when he says, "Sure I loved her. But it wasn't that I wanted to touch her" (Capote 9). Maybe Holly knew about Joe Bell's love and was trying to warn him not to love her. While Holly admitted that she was wild she also admitted that she was unhappy.

===Joy/Difficulty of Traveling===

Holly Golightly is a traveler who is searching for somewhere to call home. She even goes so far as to say:"...home is where you feel at home. I'm still looking," she says (Capote 102). Everything she does throughout the book is based on that very way she looks at life (Cash). "I'll never get used to anything. Anybody that does, they might as well be dead" (Capote 19).

Holly only seems to find happiness for a short time and it is quickly followed by something that drives her away. She has bad memories of almost every step of the way. From her marriage to Doc in Texas to her many male callers in New York, there is always something that drives at her.

Holly's age, inexperience, and lack of direction may contribute to her inability to be happy. Her age is revealed by the narrarator:"I thought her anywhere between sixteen and thirty; as it turned out, she was shy two months of her nineteenth birthday."(Capote 12-13). Her inexperience and young age has her unsure what she really wants out of her life. Holly would finally come to realization after losing her no-name cat. And even at the end of the novel, she is still in search of home.

==Major Symbols==
===Tiffany & Co. ===

Tiffany's is a jewelry store Holly feels is the best place for her to calm down and feel at home. She explains it as the cure for her "mean reds" to the narrarator (Cash):"What I've found does the most good is just to get into a taxi and go to Tiffany's," Holly says (Capote 40).

Tiffany's also symbolizes what Holly is searching for: a place she feels she belongs. A place she feels no harm can be done to her and she feels safe around men in particular."It calms me down right away, the quietness and the proud look of it; nothing very bad could happen to you there, not with those kind men in their nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets" (Capote 40).

===The "Mean Reds"===

The "mean reds" was a reoccuring problem Holly has. The narrarator first associated the "mean reds" with the blues (Cash). Holly is quick to denounce that theory. "No, the blues are because you're getting fat or maybe it's been raining too long. You're sad, that's all. But the mean reds are horrible. You're afraid and you sweat like hell, but you don't know what you're afraid of. Except something bad is going to happen, only you don't know what it is"(Capote 40). The narrarator makes another attempt to give an explanation by calling it angst, claiming everyone feels that same way (Cash). Holly takes the suggestion of Rusty Trawler and smokes marijuana and took an aspirin.

===The Fat Lady===
The fat lady was the female detective that wore the civilian clothes. The fat lady hair was " thick yellow braids roped around her head." The fat lady detective talk in a baby voice. She told Holly "come along, sister." You're going places." At this time, Holly did not want the fat lady hands touching her. Holly said: "Get them cotton-pickin hands off of me, you dreary,driveling old bull-dyke." This made the fat lady angry, so she slapped Holly so damned hard across her face,her head spinned to her over shoulder. As the detectives started to escort Holly down the stairs, she yells "please feed the cat."

===The Cat===
Although Holly tries to act like the cat doesn't really matter to her as a possession, she really does feel that it belongs to her. Holly never really admits this fact until she leaves the cat, then can't find it. "Oh Jesus God. we did belong to each other. He was mine." (Capote 109) The cat is one of the few things that holly truly feels is hers. Every time the cat appears in the story he seems to be the exact opposite of Holly, or acting in a complete opposite manner as Holly. "Her at losing her nameless, battered "slob" of a cat, far from being a sentimental excess on her part (and the narrator's), is an intensely serious expression of profound fear of relinquishment." (Nance) Holly shares a feeling of not belonging and acting on a moments notice with the cat. "Like the ugly tom cat she picks up by the river one day, her existence is improvised" (Hassan) Holly finally shows her fear of "perpetual homelessness" (Hassan) when she drops the cat off in Spanish Harlem, and after not being able to find it says: “I’m very scared, Buster. Yes, at last. Because it could go on forever. Not knowing what's yours until you've thrown it away." (Capote 109)

===The Bird Cage===

The birdcage first appears in the story wile the narrator is walking down Third Avenue and sees it in the window of an antique store. The cage is described as "a mosque of minarets and bamboo rooms yearning to be filled with talkative parrots." (Capote 15) The narrator likes the cage but doesn’t purchase it because it costs three hundred and fifty dollars. Wile out on Third Avenue with Holly one afternoon the narrator remembers the birdcage and decides to show it to her where upon seeing it Holly "enjoyed the point, its fantasy", and said "But its still a cage." (Capote 55) The narrator is at Holly's apartment for Christmas when she presents him with the cage. "But holly! It's dreadful!" "I couldn't agree more; but I thought you wanted it." The narrator views the cage is dreadful because Holly spent the great amount of money on it as she did, but Holly views it in that manner due to what a cage symbolizes. Holly is a "free spirit" and tries to stay away from the caging of anything either in idea or physically caging something. An example of this would be when Holly is speaking to the narrator and says "A person ought to be able to marry men or women or-listen, if you came to me and said you wanted to hitch up with Man o' War, I'd respect your feeling" (Capote 83) Upon giving the narrator the cage Holly makes him promise to "never put a living thing in it". (Capote 59) In return the narrator gives Holly a Saint Christopher's Metal from Tiffany's.

==Influences==
The somewhat "curious" title Breakfast at Tiffany's was inspired by a man from out-of-town that Capote heard about, who was "ignorant of New York" (Plimpton 161). As Plimpton asserts, when the man was asked to pick from the best restaurants in New York where to eat breakfast, he replied: "Well, let's have breakfast at Tiffany's," which was the only place he knew of (161).

Capote's life had a great deal of influence on the novella. Capote was a teenager when he began writing books, and the narrator also was a writer in his teens. Capote once said, "I always knew that I wanted to be a writer and that I wanted to be rich and famous" (Krebs). The narrator wanted to be a success early in life, and Capote expressed himself in the same sense. He knew "[he] had to be successful, and [he] had to be successful early" (Krebs). Capote turned into an alcholic because of his drinking at a young age. The narrator was also a heavy drinker. Holly and the narrator would go to the bar and drink many times. Capote was also a homosexual; his partner was Jack Dunphy [http://www.axiongraphicx.com/Capote.html]. In the novella, when the narrator is looking through Holly's book collection, he realizes that she only owns books about horses and baseball. The narrator has no interest in either subjuct. Holly mentions her love for horses and explains to the narrator how she does not like baseball at all, but she reads books about it for research purposes. Holly informs the narrator that if a man does not like either subject then she is in trouble any way because he does not like girls. The narrator's life in the novella is almost a mirror image of Capote.

In real life, Truman Capote's mother's name was Lillie Mae [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm] which is very similar to the real name he chose to give Holly of Lulamae. It is also interesting that the narrator in the novella is an aspiring writer just as Capote had been when he moved to New York and he also is given the same birthday as Capote which is September 30th.

Some have said that Capote's works were possibly influenced by the works of Edgar Allan Poe, but looking closely to Capote's own life experiences, this novella seems to be solely influenced by his own life with a bit of a flare. He was inspired by the women in his life to create Holly Golightly's character. As Clarke asserts, Capote modeled “his scatty central character...on half a dozen of the charming young beauties he had squired around Manhattan during and after World War II” (64). One woman who likes to take credit for inspiring Holly's character is Doris Lilly, who was like a sister to Capote in his youth. She actually lived in a “brownstone walk-up on East Seventy-eighth Street, exactly [like] the one in the book,” and says “there’s an awful lot of [her] in Holly Golightly” (Lilly 164).

One more connection that can be made to see how Capote's own life was a big influence in the writing of the novel is the homosexual references in the book. Capote was a homosexual, one of the first well known people to actually come out and let people know he was a homosexual. This is very substantial, because in 50's and 60's it was not something that people talked about, it was taboo.

==Other Novella's and Novels==
*Summer Crossing
*Other Voices, Other Rooms
*The Grass Harp
*The Muses Are Heard
*Breakfast at Tiffany's
*The Thanksgiving Visitor
*In Cold Blood

==Time Line==
* 1943 Summer Crossing
* 1945 "Miriam"
* 1948 Other Voices, Other Rooms
* 1949 A Tree of Night and Other Stories
* 1951 The Grass Harp - Novel
* 1952 The Grass Harp - Play
* 1953 Beat the Devil
* 1954 House of Flowers
* 1956 The Muses Are Heard
* 1956 "A Christmas Memory"
* 1957 "The Duke in His Domain"
* 1958 Breakfast at Tiffany's
* 1960 The Innocents
* 1963 The Collected Writings of Truman Capote
* 1966 In Cold Blood
* 1968 The Thanksgiving Visitor
* 1971 The Great Gatsby
* 1975 "Mojave" and "La Cote Basque, 1965"
* 1976 "Unspoiled Monsters" and "Kate McCloud"
* 1980 Music for Chameleons
* 1986 Answered Prayers: The Unfinished Novel
* 2005 Summer Crossing - * Previously unpublished Novel

==Additional Resources==
*Capote, Truman. The Complete Stories of Truman Capote. New York: The Random House Publishing Group, 2004.
*Clarke, Gerald. Capote: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
*Garsen, Helen S. Truman Capote. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1980.
*Goyen, William. "That Old Valentine Maker." New York Times Book Review. November 1958:5,38.
*Cash, Mathew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html The Breakfast at Tiffany's Homepage - A Critical Analysis]. 1996. ''University of Michigan''. 14 March 2006.

==Works Cited==
*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Vintage Books - A division of Random House, 1993.
*Cash, Matthew. ''The Breakfast at Tiffany's Homepage''. 1996. University of Michigan. 14 March 2006. <www.personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html>
*Clarke, Gerald. ''Too Brief a Treat: The Letters of Truman Capote''. New York: Random House, 2004.
*Grzesiak, Rich. "My Significant Other, Truman Capote". [http://axiongrafix.com/capote.html]. 1987.
*Hassan, Ihab H. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21
*Krebs, Albin. "Truman Capote Is Dead at 59; Novelist of Style and Clarity". The New York Times on the web. 28 Aug.1984 <www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/28/home/capote-obit.html>
*Levine, Paul. ''Book Review of Breakfeast at Tiffany's/Levine''. The Georgia Review.3/(1959): 350-352
*Lilly, Doris. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances, and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. Ed. George Plimpton. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, 1997.
*Nance, Willaim L."The Worlds of Truman Capote, Stein and Day" 1970.Contemporary Literary Criticism.
*Plimpton, George. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances,and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. 1997.
*Pugh, Tison. ''Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's''. ''The Explicator''. 6/(2002): 51-53

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-23T04:57:18Z

Csmith: /* The Bird Cage */

==Factual Information==
A [[novel]]/[[novella]] by American writer [[Truman Capote]] published in 1958 by Random House, Inc., New York.

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm Truman Capote (1924-1984) - original name Truman Streckfus Persons

==Study Guide==
Below are the thirteen major sections of the [[novella]]. Since Capote did not use chapters, these are indicated by the double line break on the page. There might be more sections, or a more logical means of distinguishing them, but these arbitrary divisions will work for our purposes.

#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 1|Section one (3-14)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 2|Section two (14-47)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 3|Section three (47-53)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 4|Section four (53-55)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 5|Section five (55-63)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 6|Section six (63-72)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7|Section seven (72-74)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8|Section eight (74-85)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 9|Section nine (85-93)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 10|Section ten (93-97)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 11|Section eleven (97-104)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 12|Section twelve (104-109)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 13|Section thirteen (109-111)]]

==Characters==
===Paul/Narrator===
An aspiring writer who lives above Holly in his New York apartment. He is affectionately referred to as "Fred" by Holly until her brother dies. After her brother's death, she only refers to him as "Buster". He enjoys drinking bourbon and reading Simenon. He becomes friends with Holly and Joe Bell and he later falls in love with Holly. He seems to be a passive man, and is suspected of being homosexual due to the lack of sexual nature of his and Holly's relationship. His character closely resembles Capote in his own life.

===Holly Golightly===
True name is Lulamae Barnes. At age 14 she married Doc Golightly near Tulip, Texas. Her parents both passed away from TB, and she was sent to stay with some ‘mean people’ approximately 100 miles east of Tulip. She and her brother, Fred, ran away and would steal in order to eat. After being caught stealing by one of Doc’s daughters, he fell in love with her and asked her to marry him. Though she ran away from him at age 14, she feels she owes a lot to Doc because he gave her confidence in herself. Discovered in California by O.J. Berman, she was given French lessons to rid her of her country accent, and modeled after Margaret Sullavan. Later she posed as niece to Sally Tomato in exchange for money to deliver ‘weather reports’ from Sing Sing to his lawyer.

Just shy of being 19 at the beginning of the story, Holly is described physically as ageless, having short, boy styled hair with a hodgepodge of colors including white blonde and yellow streaks(self colored), and being thin but a clean and healthy look about her. Her cheeks are pink and she has very large mouth and warm, blue, green, and brown eyes, which she hides behind large, prescription sunglasses at all hours. Her nose is turned up at the end, like a pixie. She is always well groomed, with a tendency to dress in good taste, but plainly, in grays and blues which seems to make her shine even more.

Holly believes strongly in being free to roam where ever her whim should take her. Although she resides in apartment 2 of the brownstone, she seems to not have a home. Her inability to keep up with her apartment key, her nameless cat, and the sparse furnishings in her apartment illustrate well her lack of commitment to one place or thing. Even her mail box card is non-committing : Miss Holiday Golightly, Traveling. Although she seems so free spirited, later in the novella we find that she desperately does want to find a place to call her own; a place that makes her feel secure as Tiffany’s does.

Holly smokes Picayunes, a type of cigarette; which irony is found when one realizes in Spanish it means “something of very little value, a trifle.” On occasion she also confessed to smoking marijuana, and seems to be a drinker. She loyally reads tabloids, travel folders, and astrological charts, as well as letters from her brother overseas. She plays the guitar very well (taught to her by Doc) and sings a little. Although her profession is never named, she makes it part of her job to study horses and baseball, and trained herself to like men over 40 who give her considerable amounts of money to visit the powder room. Holly considers herself bisexual.

She has no qualms about lying when it amuses or benefits her. She seems to have loyalties to no one except for her brother, Fred, with whom she fantasizes about having a horse farm near the sea in Mexico. Being rich and famous is in the top of her priorities. The narrator describes her as a lop sided romantic, as well as a crude exhibitionist, a time waster, and an utter fake.

Holly is a spunky 19 year old woman who goes her own way and does her own thing. She is a bit of a vagabond. She only stays in one place for so long. If something starts to go awry, she will pack up her stuff and move on to another place. She lives in apartment #2 of a brownstone apartment complex in New York City. Her apartment reflects her personality, for it always has the look of being just moved in to, and the look of just about to be moved out of.

===Joe Bell===
Owner of a quiet bar on Lexington Avenue, referred to as Joe Bell's. Physically described to be small, with fine coarse white hair, a sloping bony face better suited to a tall person, and a complexion which always appears sunburnt. He has a froggy voice. Suspected to be homosexual. Devoted to and loves Holly; took numerous phone messages for her when she was in New York, and through out the years during her absence has constantly looked for her in the streets. He doesn't have an easy nature, self described due to being a bachelor and having a sour stomach, which he regularly self medicates with Tums. He is very difficult to talk to unless you are interested in Holly, ice hockey, Weimaraner dogs, Our Gal Sunday (Soap serial on for 15 years), and Gilbert or Sullivan. He has a froggy voice. He's talented at flower arranging, and keeps fresh flowers in his bar.

===I. Y. Yunioshi===
Mistakenly said to be from Japan by Bell; but truly from California. He is a photographer featured in a magazine called Winchell, and lived in the studio apartment, top floor of brownstone, during Holly’s time living there.

===Negro man from Africa===
Tall, delicate, man, who wore a calico skirt. He is a talented wood sculptor from the S Tribe, in Tococul, East Anglia. He was photographed by Yunioshi on Christmas Day in 1956, depicting him with a "shy, yet vain smile, displaying in his hands an odd wood sculpture," of the head of Holly Golightly (p6). Shared a mat with Holly Golightly in Spring of that same year.

===Madame Sapphia Spanella===
Tenant of brownstone. Described as a husky, coloratura (a singer, usually a soprano, who specializes in music characterized by trills and runs) who goes roller-skating every afternoon in Central Park. She began a petition in the brownstone to evict Holly for being “morally objectionable and the perpetrator of all night gatherings that endanger the safety and sanity of her neighbors (p. 64).”

===Sid Arbuck===
Escorted Holly home the first evening Fred sees her. He picked up the check for five of her friends, whom he did not know, and expected to stay the evening with her. Apparently he did not succeed due to giving her only twenty cents to go to the powder-room.

===Fred===
Holly’s favorite of four brothers. When the family was separated to live with different foster homes after their parents' death, she and Fred were together. He was the only one who would let her hug him when it was cold as a child. Described to be 6’2” and ‘slow’ or ‘stupid’. Was in the 8th grade for three years, then was drafted into the army where he eventually died.

===Sally Tomato===
Looks like a monk with gold teeth to Holly. He speaks very little English. While in Sing Sing prison, he was visited every Thursday by Golightly, and gives her a “weather report”. Suspected to be Black hand Mafia. At one time he would hang out at Joe Bell’s often, but didn’t socialize with anyone.

===O.J. Berman===
An agent who met Holly at Santa Anita, CA when she was 15. Smokes cigars, wears Knize cologne. Wears elevated heals, appears to be a midget, freckled, large head, bald, pointed elven ears, Pekingese eyes which are bulged and unpitying. Hair sprouts from his ears and nose, and has hairy hands. He has a jerky metallic rhythm to his speech. Considers himself sensitive, and loves Holly.

===Benny Polan===
Asked Holly to marry him; he spent thousands of dollars sending her to psychiatrists.

===Cecil B. DeMille & Gary Cooper===
Actors starring in The Story of Dr Wassell.

===Rutherford (Rusty) Trawler===
Middle aged, baby faced, fat and appeared to be a spoiled child. Lost both parents in 1908 at age 5, his father a victim of anarchist and his mother died of shock. This made him instantly a millionaire and celebrity. His godfather arrested for sodomy due to him, and has divorced 3 times. He offered to marry Unity Mitford if Hitler didn’t, thus was referred to as a Nazi by many. Attended rallies in Yorkville. Acts as though he should be in diapers, Holly said he should be wearing a skirt. Talks in a whiney voice. Thinks girls are literally dolls. And although believed to be homosexual, he marries Mag Wildwood.

===Mag Wildwood (Margaret Thatcher Fitzhue Wildwood)===
Her home town is Wildwood, Arkansas. Models for Yunioshi for the Bazaar. Described to be extremely thin, flat chested, and over 6 feet tall, with a stutter that she over exaggerates. She lives at the Winslow. All men in her family were soldiers, and there is a statue of her father in Wildwood. She is very proud of her country, and considers herself a warmhearted person. She knits. Temporarily roomed with Holly and was engaged to Jose even though she was often referred to as being a lesbian.

===Jose Ybarra-Jaegar===
A Brazilian with a German mother. He aims to be the president of Brazil. Has a strong latin accent, originally Wildwood’s lover and later became Holly’s. He is described to be intelligent, presentable, and very serious about his work, which is related to the government. He is in Washington 3 days a week. His priorities are maintaining his good name and work, and broke his engagement with Holly due to her arrest and publicity with Sally Tomato.

===Mildred Grossman===
A girl who went to school with the narrator. Described as a top heavy realist with moist hair greasy glasses covering flat eyes. She dissected frogs and went to picket lines, only examined stars to gauge their chemical tonnage. Compared to Holly by the narrator to be a Siamese twin; they would never change because they’d been given their character too soon. (p.58)

===Doc Golightly===
Farmer, horse doctor, and husband of Holly/Lulamae, from Tulip, Texas. He is described to be very provocative, early fifties w/ a hard weathered face, and gray forlorn eyes. He appeared in New York outside the brownstone wearing an old sweat-stained gray hat, a pale blue, cheap summer suit, loose on his lanky frame. He wore brand new brown shoes. He likes to whistle, and has a very countrified drawl. Smells of tobacco and sweat, and keeps a toothpick in his mouth to chew on. He is very forward when speaking with the narrator. He came via Greyhound to see Holly/Lulamae. His first wife passed away on July 4th 1936, and married Holly/Lulamae December 38 when she was just shy of age 14.

===Nellie===
Doc’s oldest daughter, discovered Fred and Lulamae stealing milk and turkey eggs.

==Major Themes==
===Delight in the Unorthodox===
Plimpton writes that the theme in ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s'' is that there are special, strange gifted people in the world and they have to be treated with understanding (175). When something is unorthodox it breaks with convention or tradition. All of the characters in the novella ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' took delight in unique unorthodox ways. Homosexuality was considered to be unorthodox in the fifties and some people even consider it to be unorthodox today.

Holly Golightly was unorthodox by leaving her husband and by embracing homosexuality like she did. Tison Pugh writes, "...we can see that Holly's friendships with gay men are one sign of her progressive sexual politics" (2). Holly believed in things that were unconventional and unorthodox. Paul Levine writes that,"...Holly too is a hard-headed romantic, a [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pragmatic pragmatic] [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=idealist idealist]" (351). Holly definitely took delight in her unorthodox ways. Not only did Holly Golightly take delight in her unorthodox ways, but the narrator also took delight in his unorthodox ways.

The narrator was more content with just being himself than he was with fitting the mold. Holly Golightly says that all straight men either like baseball or horses, and in her apartment there are books about horses and baseball. The narrator goes over to the book shelf and pretends to be interested when he says, "Pretending an interest in horseflesh and How to Tell It gave me sufficiently private opportunity for sizing Holly's friends" (Capote 35). If the narrator had liked baseball he would have picked up a book on baseball instead of pretending he liked horses. In other words the narrator is gay, and he is not really concerned with other's thoughts.

Joe Bell is also a different type of character. He owns a bar, pops tums like candy, and takes care of flowers. Joe Bell's hobbies are hockey players, [http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art4814.asp weimaraner dogs], and [http://math.boisestate.edu/GaS/ Gilbert and Sullivan] (Capote 4). The narrator even goes on to say that Joe Bell is related to either Gilbert or Sullivan. "Since Sullivan is rumored to be have been a homosexual...the passage slyly hints that the bartender is part of Sullivan's family, a fellow gay man to his beloved composer" (Tison 2). Joe Bell also "arranges flowers with matronly care" (Capote 5). In today's society a masculine straight man does not arrange flowers with matronly care. All three of the main characters took delight in their unorthodox ways.

===Quest for Home/Belonging===

Holly Golightly is a pure example of someone that is untameable. It's no wonder how she got that way. Doc Golightly, her husband, says, "Story was: their mother died of TB ([http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/faqs/qa.htm Tuberculosis]), and their papa done the same - and all the churren, a whole raft of 'em, they been sent off to live with different mean people" (Capote 68). From that line it is obvious that Holly Golightly never really had a home. She appears to spend the rest of her time trying to find one.

One home that Holly has is at Tiffany's. Holly says, "It calms me down right away, the quietness and proud look of it; nothing bad could happen to you there, not with those kind of men in their nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets. If I could find a real life place that made me feel like Tiffany's, then I'd buy some furniture and give the cat a name" (Capote 40). Matthew Cash states that this scene shows Holly's innocence and search for a home (3).

Holly spends much of her time trying to belong to something or someone while at the same time trying not to. Perhaps she had abandonment issues. "On the first night that Holly came to visit the narrator in his appartment she ends up sleeping beside him, showing that Holly needs someone who is comforting instead of lusting toward her" (Cash 4). Perhaps Holly just needed to feel a love that didn't require anything back of her. Holly was human and she desired love, but at the same time she retreated when the narrator asked her why she was crying. Holly jumps up and heads for the window while hollering, "I hate snoops" (Capote 27). Holly had a desire for a home and a place to belong, but she appeared to be very leary of it all.

===Never Love a Wild Thing===

Holly Golightly considered herself to be wild. She gives Joe Bell this speach and she says, "Never love a wild thing, Mr. Bell...That was Doc's mistake. He was always lugging home wild things. A hawk with a hurt wing. One time it was a full-grown bobcat with a broken leg. But you can't give your heart to a wild thing: the more you do, the stronger they get. Until they're strong enough to run into the woods. Or fly into a tree. then a taller tree. Then the sky. That's how you'll end up, Mr. Bell. If you let yourself love a wild thing. You'll end up looking at the sky" (Capote 74).

Holly goes on to say, "Good luck: and believe me, dearest Doc - it's better to look at the sky than live there. Such an empty place; so vague. Just a country where the thunder goes and things disappear" (Capote 74). In one sentence she is telling Joe Bell not to love a wild thing and in the next she is admitting how unhappy she is. In the beginning of the story Joe Bell admits his love for Holly when he says, "Sure I loved her. But it wasn't that I wanted to touch her" (Capote 9). Maybe Holly knew about Joe Bell's love and was trying to warn him not to love her. While Holly admitted that she was wild she also admitted that she was unhappy.

===Joy/Difficulty of Traveling===

Holly Golightly is a traveler who is searching for somewhere to call home. She even goes so far as to say:"...home is where you feel at home. I'm still looking," she says (Capote 102). Everything she does throughout the book is based on that very way she looks at life (Cash). "I'll never get used to anything. Anybody that does, they might as well be dead" (Capote 19).

Holly only seems to find happiness for a short time and it is quickly followed by something that drives her away. She has bad memories of almost every step of the way. From her marriage to Doc in Texas to her many male callers in New York, there is always something that drives at her.

Holly's age, inexperience, and lack of direction may contribute to her inability to be happy. Her age is revealed by the narrarator:"I thought her anywhere between sixteen and thirty; as it turned out, she was shy two months of her nineteenth birthday."(Capote 12-13). Her inexperience and young age has her unsure what she really wants out of her life. Holly would finally come to realization after losing her no-name cat. And even at the end of the novel, she is still in search of home.

==Major Symbols==
===Tiffany & Co. ===

Tiffany's is a jewelry store Holly feels is the best place for her to calm down and feel at home. She explains it as the cure for her "mean reds" to the narrarator (Cash):"What I've found does the most good is just to get into a taxi and go to Tiffany's," Holly says (Capote 40).

Tiffany's also symbolizes what Holly is searching for: a place she feels she belongs. A place she feels no harm can be done to her and she feels safe around men in particular."It calms me down right away, the quietness and the proud look of it; nothing very bad could happen to you there, not with those kind men in their nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets" (Capote 40).

===The "Mean Reds"===

The "mean reds" was a reoccuring problem Holly has. The narrarator first associated the "mean reds" with the blues (Cash). Holly is quick to denounce that theory. "No, the blues are because you're getting fat or maybe it's been raining too long. You're sad, that's all. But the mean reds are horrible. You're afraid and you sweat like hell, but you don't know what you're afraid of. Except something bad is going to happen, only you don't know what it is"(Capote 40). The narrarator makes another attempt to give an explanation by calling it angst, claiming everyone feels that same way (Cash). Holly takes the suggestion of Rusty Trawler and smokes marijuana and took an aspirin.

===The Fat Lady===
The fat lady was the female detective that wore the civilian clothes. The fat lady hair was " thick yellow braids roped around her head." The fat lady detective talk in a baby voice. She told Holly "come along, sister." You're going places." At this time, Holly did not want the fat lady hands touching her. Holly said: "Get them cotton-pickin hands off of me, you dreary,driveling old bull-dyke." This made the fat lady angry, so she slapped Holly so damned hard across her face,her head spinned to her over shoulder. As the detectives started to escort Holly down the stairs, she yells "please feed the cat."

===The Cat===
Although Holly tries to act like the cat doesn't really matter to her as a possession, she really does feel that it belongs to her. Holly never really admits this fact until she leaves the cat, then can't find it. "Oh Jesus God. we did belong to each other. He was mine." (Capote 109) The cat is one of the few things that holly truly feels is hers. Every time the cat appears in the story he seems to be the exact opposite of Holly, or acting in a complete opposite manner as Holly. "Her at losing her nameless, battered "slob" of a cat, far from being a sentimental excess on her part (and the narrator's), is an intensely serious expression of profound fear of relinquishment." (Nance) Holly shares a feeling of not belonging and acting on a moments notice with the cat. "Like the ugly tom cat she picks up by the river one day, her existence is improvised" (Hassan) Holly finally shows her fear of "perpetual homelessness" (Hassan) when she drops the cat off in Spanish Harlem, and after not being able to find it says: “I’m very scared, Buster. Yes, at last. Because it could go on forever. Not knowing what's yours until you've thrown it away." (Capote 109)

===The Bird Cage===

Holly gives the narrator the bird cage as a gift. The bird cage cost three-hundred fifty dollars. In return the narrator gives Holly a Saint Christopher's Metal from Tiffany's.

==Influences==
The somewhat "curious" title Breakfast at Tiffany's was inspired by a man from out-of-town that Capote heard about, who was "ignorant of New York" (Plimpton 161). As Plimpton asserts, when the man was asked to pick from the best restaurants in New York where to eat breakfast, he replied: "Well, let's have breakfast at Tiffany's," which was the only place he knew of (161).

Capote's life had a great deal of influence on the novella. Capote was a teenager when he began writing books, and the narrator also was a writer in his teens. Capote once said, "I always knew that I wanted to be a writer and that I wanted to be rich and famous" (Krebs). The narrator wanted to be a success early in life, and Capote expressed himself in the same sense. He knew "[he] had to be successful, and [he] had to be successful early" (Krebs). Capote turned into an alcholic because of his drinking at a young age. The narrator was also a heavy drinker. Holly and the narrator would go to the bar and drink many times. Capote was also a homosexual; his partner was Jack Dunphy [http://www.axiongraphicx.com/Capote.html]. In the novella, when the narrator is looking through Holly's book collection, he realizes that she only owns books about horses and baseball. The narrator has no interest in either subjuct. Holly mentions her love for horses and explains to the narrator how she does not like baseball at all, but she reads books about it for research purposes. Holly informs the narrator that if a man does not like either subject then she is in trouble any way because he does not like girls. The narrator's life in the novella is almost a mirror image of Capote.

In real life, Truman Capote's mother's name was Lillie Mae [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm] which is very similar to the real name he chose to give Holly of Lulamae. It is also interesting that the narrator in the novella is an aspiring writer just as Capote had been when he moved to New York and he also is given the same birthday as Capote which is September 30th.

Some have said that Capote's works were possibly influenced by the works of Edgar Allan Poe, but looking closely to Capote's own life experiences, this novella seems to be solely influenced by his own life with a bit of a flare. He was inspired by the women in his life to create Holly Golightly's character. As Clarke asserts, Capote modeled “his scatty central character...on half a dozen of the charming young beauties he had squired around Manhattan during and after World War II” (64). One woman who likes to take credit for inspiring Holly's character is Doris Lilly, who was like a sister to Capote in his youth. She actually lived in a “brownstone walk-up on East Seventy-eighth Street, exactly [like] the one in the book,” and says “there’s an awful lot of [her] in Holly Golightly” (Lilly 164).

==Other Novella's and Novels==
* Summer Crossing

* Other Voices, Other Rooms

* The Grass Harp

* The Muses Are Heard

* Breakfast at Tiffany's

* The Thanksgiving Visitor

* Summer Crossing
==Time Line==
* 1943 Summer Crossing
* 1945 "Miriam"
* 1948 Other Voices, Other Rooms
* 1949 A Tree of Night and Other Stories
* 1951 The Grass Harp - Novel
* 1952 The Grass Harp - Play
* 1953 Beat the Devil
* 1954 House of Flowers
* 1956 The Muses Are Heard
* 1956 "A Christmas Memory"
* 1957 "The Duke in His Domain"
* 1958 Breakfast at Tiffany's
* 1960 The Innocents
* 1963 The Collected Writings of Truman Capote
* 1966 In Cold Blood
* 1968 The Thanksgiving Visitor
* 1971 The Great Gatsby
* 1975 "Mojave" and "La Cote Basque, 1965"
* 1976 "Unspoiled Monsters" and "Kate McCloud"
* 1980 Music for Chameleons
* 1986 Answered Prayers: The Unfinished Novel
* 2005 Summer Crossing - * Previously unpublished Novel

==Additional Resources==
*Capote, Truman. The Complete Stories of Truman Capote. New York: The Random House Publishing Group, 2004.
*Clarke, Gerald. Capote: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
*Garsen, Helen S. Truman Capote. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1980.
*Goyen, William. "That Old Valentine Maker." New York Times Book Review. November 1958:5,38.

==Works Cited==
*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Vintage Books - A division of Random House, 1993.
*Cash, Matthew. ''The Breakfast at Tiffany's Homepage''. 1996. University of Michigan. 14 March 2006. <www.personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html>
*Clarke, Gerald. ''Too Brief a Treat: The Letters of Truman Capote''. New York: Random House, 2004.
*Grzesiak, Rich. "My Significant Other, Truman Capote". [http://axiongrafix.com/capote.html]. 1987.
*Hassan, Ihab H. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21
*Krebs, Albin. "Truman Capote Is Dead at 59; Novelist of Style and Clarity". The New York Times on the web. 28 Aug.1984 <www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/28/home/capote-obit.html>
*Levine, Paul. ''Book Review of Breakfeast at Tiffany's/Levine''. The Georgia Review.3/(1959): 350-352
*Lilly, Doris. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances, and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. Ed. George Plimpton. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, 1997.
*Nance, Willaim L."The Worlds of Truman Capote, Stein and Day" 1970.Contemporary Literary Criticism.
*Plimpton, George. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances,and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. 1997.
*Pugh, Tison. ''Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's''. ''The Explicator''. 6/(2002): 51-53

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-23T04:56:35Z

Csmith: /* The Bird Cage */

==Factual Information==
A [[novel]]/[[novella]] by American writer [[Truman Capote]] published in 1958 by Random House, Inc., New York.

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm Truman Capote (1924-1984) - original name Truman Streckfus Persons

==Study Guide==
Below are the thirteen major sections of the [[novella]]. Since Capote did not use chapters, these are indicated by the double line break on the page. There might be more sections, or a more logical means of distinguishing them, but these arbitrary divisions will work for our purposes.

#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 1|Section one (3-14)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 2|Section two (14-47)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 3|Section three (47-53)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 4|Section four (53-55)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 5|Section five (55-63)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 6|Section six (63-72)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7|Section seven (72-74)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 8|Section eight (74-85)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 9|Section nine (85-93)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 10|Section ten (93-97)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 11|Section eleven (97-104)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 12|Section twelve (104-109)]]
#[[Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 13|Section thirteen (109-111)]]

==Characters==
===Paul/Narrator===
An aspiring writer who lives above Holly in his New York apartment. He is affectionately referred to as "Fred" by Holly until her brother dies. After her brother's death, she only refers to him as "Buster". He enjoys drinking bourbon and reading Simenon. He becomes friends with Holly and Joe Bell and he later falls in love with Holly. He seems to be a passive man, and is suspected of being homosexual due to the lack of sexual nature of his and Holly's relationship. His character closely resembles Capote in his own life.

===Holly Golightly===
True name is Lulamae Barnes. At age 14 she married Doc Golightly near Tulip, Texas. Her parents both passed away from TB, and she was sent to stay with some ‘mean people’ approximately 100 miles east of Tulip. She and her brother, Fred, ran away and would steal in order to eat. After being caught stealing by one of Doc’s daughters, he fell in love with her and asked her to marry him. Though she ran away from him at age 14, she feels she owes a lot to Doc because he gave her confidence in herself. Discovered in California by O.J. Berman, she was given French lessons to rid her of her country accent, and modeled after Margaret Sullavan. Later she posed as niece to Sally Tomato in exchange for money to deliver ‘weather reports’ from Sing Sing to his lawyer.

Just shy of being 19 at the beginning of the story, Holly is described physically as ageless, having short, boy styled hair with a hodgepodge of colors including white blonde and yellow streaks(self colored), and being thin but a clean and healthy look about her. Her cheeks are pink and she has very large mouth and warm, blue, green, and brown eyes, which she hides behind large, prescription sunglasses at all hours. Her nose is turned up at the end, like a pixie. She is always well groomed, with a tendency to dress in good taste, but plainly, in grays and blues which seems to make her shine even more.

Holly believes strongly in being free to roam where ever her whim should take her. Although she resides in apartment 2 of the brownstone, she seems to not have a home. Her inability to keep up with her apartment key, her nameless cat, and the sparse furnishings in her apartment illustrate well her lack of commitment to one place or thing. Even her mail box card is non-committing : Miss Holiday Golightly, Traveling. Although she seems so free spirited, later in the novella we find that she desperately does want to find a place to call her own; a place that makes her feel secure as Tiffany’s does.

Holly smokes Picayunes, a type of cigarette; which irony is found when one realizes in Spanish it means “something of very little value, a trifle.” On occasion she also confessed to smoking marijuana, and seems to be a drinker. She loyally reads tabloids, travel folders, and astrological charts, as well as letters from her brother overseas. She plays the guitar very well (taught to her by Doc) and sings a little. Although her profession is never named, she makes it part of her job to study horses and baseball, and trained herself to like men over 40 who give her considerable amounts of money to visit the powder room. Holly considers herself bisexual.

She has no qualms about lying when it amuses or benefits her. She seems to have loyalties to no one except for her brother, Fred, with whom she fantasizes about having a horse farm near the sea in Mexico. Being rich and famous is in the top of her priorities. The narrator describes her as a lop sided romantic, as well as a crude exhibitionist, a time waster, and an utter fake.

Holly is a spunky 19 year old woman who goes her own way and does her own thing. She is a bit of a vagabond. She only stays in one place for so long. If something starts to go awry, she will pack up her stuff and move on to another place. She lives in apartment #2 of a brownstone apartment complex in New York City. Her apartment reflects her personality, for it always has the look of being just moved in to, and the look of just about to be moved out of.

===Joe Bell===
Owner of a quiet bar on Lexington Avenue, referred to as Joe Bell's. Physically described to be small, with fine coarse white hair, a sloping bony face better suited to a tall person, and a complexion which always appears sunburnt. He has a froggy voice. Suspected to be homosexual. Devoted to and loves Holly; took numerous phone messages for her when she was in New York, and through out the years during her absence has constantly looked for her in the streets. He doesn't have an easy nature, self described due to being a bachelor and having a sour stomach, which he regularly self medicates with Tums. He is very difficult to talk to unless you are interested in Holly, ice hockey, Weimaraner dogs, Our Gal Sunday (Soap serial on for 15 years), and Gilbert or Sullivan. He has a froggy voice. He's talented at flower arranging, and keeps fresh flowers in his bar.

===I. Y. Yunioshi===
Mistakenly said to be from Japan by Bell; but truly from California. He is a photographer featured in a magazine called Winchell, and lived in the studio apartment, top floor of brownstone, during Holly’s time living there.

===Negro man from Africa===
Tall, delicate, man, who wore a calico skirt. He is a talented wood sculptor from the S Tribe, in Tococul, East Anglia. He was photographed by Yunioshi on Christmas Day in 1956, depicting him with a "shy, yet vain smile, displaying in his hands an odd wood sculpture," of the head of Holly Golightly (p6). Shared a mat with Holly Golightly in Spring of that same year.

===Madame Sapphia Spanella===
Tenant of brownstone. Described as a husky, coloratura (a singer, usually a soprano, who specializes in music characterized by trills and runs) who goes roller-skating every afternoon in Central Park. She began a petition in the brownstone to evict Holly for being “morally objectionable and the perpetrator of all night gatherings that endanger the safety and sanity of her neighbors (p. 64).”

===Sid Arbuck===
Escorted Holly home the first evening Fred sees her. He picked up the check for five of her friends, whom he did not know, and expected to stay the evening with her. Apparently he did not succeed due to giving her only twenty cents to go to the powder-room.

===Fred===
Holly’s favorite of four brothers. When the family was separated to live with different foster homes after their parents' death, she and Fred were together. He was the only one who would let her hug him when it was cold as a child. Described to be 6’2” and ‘slow’ or ‘stupid’. Was in the 8th grade for three years, then was drafted into the army where he eventually died.

===Sally Tomato===
Looks like a monk with gold teeth to Holly. He speaks very little English. While in Sing Sing prison, he was visited every Thursday by Golightly, and gives her a “weather report”. Suspected to be Black hand Mafia. At one time he would hang out at Joe Bell’s often, but didn’t socialize with anyone.

===O.J. Berman===
An agent who met Holly at Santa Anita, CA when she was 15. Smokes cigars, wears Knize cologne. Wears elevated heals, appears to be a midget, freckled, large head, bald, pointed elven ears, Pekingese eyes which are bulged and unpitying. Hair sprouts from his ears and nose, and has hairy hands. He has a jerky metallic rhythm to his speech. Considers himself sensitive, and loves Holly.

===Benny Polan===
Asked Holly to marry him; he spent thousands of dollars sending her to psychiatrists.

===Cecil B. DeMille & Gary Cooper===
Actors starring in The Story of Dr Wassell.

===Rutherford (Rusty) Trawler===
Middle aged, baby faced, fat and appeared to be a spoiled child. Lost both parents in 1908 at age 5, his father a victim of anarchist and his mother died of shock. This made him instantly a millionaire and celebrity. His godfather arrested for sodomy due to him, and has divorced 3 times. He offered to marry Unity Mitford if Hitler didn’t, thus was referred to as a Nazi by many. Attended rallies in Yorkville. Acts as though he should be in diapers, Holly said he should be wearing a skirt. Talks in a whiney voice. Thinks girls are literally dolls. And although believed to be homosexual, he marries Mag Wildwood.

===Mag Wildwood (Margaret Thatcher Fitzhue Wildwood)===
Her home town is Wildwood, Arkansas. Models for Yunioshi for the Bazaar. Described to be extremely thin, flat chested, and over 6 feet tall, with a stutter that she over exaggerates. She lives at the Winslow. All men in her family were soldiers, and there is a statue of her father in Wildwood. She is very proud of her country, and considers herself a warmhearted person. She knits. Temporarily roomed with Holly and was engaged to Jose even though she was often referred to as being a lesbian.

===Jose Ybarra-Jaegar===
A Brazilian with a German mother. He aims to be the president of Brazil. Has a strong latin accent, originally Wildwood’s lover and later became Holly’s. He is described to be intelligent, presentable, and very serious about his work, which is related to the government. He is in Washington 3 days a week. His priorities are maintaining his good name and work, and broke his engagement with Holly due to her arrest and publicity with Sally Tomato.

===Mildred Grossman===
A girl who went to school with the narrator. Described as a top heavy realist with moist hair greasy glasses covering flat eyes. She dissected frogs and went to picket lines, only examined stars to gauge their chemical tonnage. Compared to Holly by the narrator to be a Siamese twin; they would never change because they’d been given their character too soon. (p.58)

===Doc Golightly===
Farmer, horse doctor, and husband of Holly/Lulamae, from Tulip, Texas. He is described to be very provocative, early fifties w/ a hard weathered face, and gray forlorn eyes. He appeared in New York outside the brownstone wearing an old sweat-stained gray hat, a pale blue, cheap summer suit, loose on his lanky frame. He wore brand new brown shoes. He likes to whistle, and has a very countrified drawl. Smells of tobacco and sweat, and keeps a toothpick in his mouth to chew on. He is very forward when speaking with the narrator. He came via Greyhound to see Holly/Lulamae. His first wife passed away on July 4th 1936, and married Holly/Lulamae December 38 when she was just shy of age 14.

===Nellie===
Doc’s oldest daughter, discovered Fred and Lulamae stealing milk and turkey eggs.

==Major Themes==
===Delight in the Unorthodox===
Plimpton writes that the theme in ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s'' is that there are special, strange gifted people in the world and they have to be treated with understanding (175). When something is unorthodox it breaks with convention or tradition. All of the characters in the novella ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' took delight in unique unorthodox ways. Homosexuality was considered to be unorthodox in the fifties and some people even consider it to be unorthodox today.

Holly Golightly was unorthodox by leaving her husband and by embracing homosexuality like she did. Tison Pugh writes, "...we can see that Holly's friendships with gay men are one sign of her progressive sexual politics" (2). Holly believed in things that were unconventional and unorthodox. Paul Levine writes that,"...Holly too is a hard-headed romantic, a [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pragmatic pragmatic] [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=idealist idealist]" (351). Holly definitely took delight in her unorthodox ways. Not only did Holly Golightly take delight in her unorthodox ways, but the narrator also took delight in his unorthodox ways.

The narrator was more content with just being himself than he was with fitting the mold. Holly Golightly says that all straight men either like baseball or horses, and in her apartment there are books about horses and baseball. The narrator goes over to the book shelf and pretends to be interested when he says, "Pretending an interest in horseflesh and How to Tell It gave me sufficiently private opportunity for sizing Holly's friends" (Capote 35). If the narrator had liked baseball he would have picked up a book on baseball instead of pretending he liked horses. In other words the narrator is gay, and he is not really concerned with other's thoughts.

Joe Bell is also a different type of character. He owns a bar, pops tums like candy, and takes care of flowers. Joe Bell's hobbies are hockey players, [http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art4814.asp weimaraner dogs], and [http://math.boisestate.edu/GaS/ Gilbert and Sullivan] (Capote 4). The narrator even goes on to say that Joe Bell is related to either Gilbert or Sullivan. "Since Sullivan is rumored to be have been a homosexual...the passage slyly hints that the bartender is part of Sullivan's family, a fellow gay man to his beloved composer" (Tison 2). Joe Bell also "arranges flowers with matronly care" (Capote 5). In today's society a masculine straight man does not arrange flowers with matronly care. All three of the main characters took delight in their unorthodox ways.

===Quest for Home/Belonging===

Holly Golightly is a pure example of someone that is untameable. It's no wonder how she got that way. Doc Golightly, her husband, says, "Story was: their mother died of TB ([http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/faqs/qa.htm Tuberculosis]), and their papa done the same - and all the churren, a whole raft of 'em, they been sent off to live with different mean people" (Capote 68). From that line it is obvious that Holly Golightly never really had a home. She appears to spend the rest of her time trying to find one.

One home that Holly has is at Tiffany's. Holly says, "It calms me down right away, the quietness and proud look of it; nothing bad could happen to you there, not with those kind of men in their nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets. If I could find a real life place that made me feel like Tiffany's, then I'd buy some furniture and give the cat a name" (Capote 40). Matthew Cash states that this scene shows Holly's innocence and search for a home (3).

Holly spends much of her time trying to belong to something or someone while at the same time trying not to. Perhaps she had abandonment issues. "On the first night that Holly came to visit the narrator in his appartment she ends up sleeping beside him, showing that Holly needs someone who is comforting instead of lusting toward her" (Cash 4). Perhaps Holly just needed to feel a love that didn't require anything back of her. Holly was human and she desired love, but at the same time she retreated when the narrator asked her why she was crying. Holly jumps up and heads for the window while hollering, "I hate snoops" (Capote 27). Holly had a desire for a home and a place to belong, but she appeared to be very leary of it all.

===Never Love a Wild Thing===

Holly Golightly considered herself to be wild. She gives Joe Bell this speach and she says, "Never love a wild thing, Mr. Bell...That was Doc's mistake. He was always lugging home wild things. A hawk with a hurt wing. One time it was a full-grown bobcat with a broken leg. But you can't give your heart to a wild thing: the more you do, the stronger they get. Until they're strong enough to run into the woods. Or fly into a tree. then a taller tree. Then the sky. That's how you'll end up, Mr. Bell. If you let yourself love a wild thing. You'll end up looking at the sky" (Capote 74).

Holly goes on to say, "Good luck: and believe me, dearest Doc - it's better to look at the sky than live there. Such an empty place; so vague. Just a country where the thunder goes and things disappear" (Capote 74). In one sentence she is telling Joe Bell not to love a wild thing and in the next she is admitting how unhappy she is. In the beginning of the story Joe Bell admits his love for Holly when he says, "Sure I loved her. But it wasn't that I wanted to touch her" (Capote 9). Maybe Holly knew about Joe Bell's love and was trying to warn him not to love her. While Holly admitted that she was wild she also admitted that she was unhappy.

===Joy/Difficulty of Traveling===

Holly Golightly is a traveler who is searching for somewhere to call home. She even goes so far as to say:"...home is where you feel at home. I'm still looking," she says (Capote 102). Everything she does throughout the book is based on that very way she looks at life (Cash). "I'll never get used to anything. Anybody that does, they might as well be dead" (Capote 19).

Holly only seems to find happiness for a short time and it is quickly followed by something that drives her away. She has bad memories of almost every step of the way. From her marriage to Doc in Texas to her many male callers in New York, there is always something that drives at her.

Holly's age, inexperience, and lack of direction may contribute to her inability to be happy. Her age is revealed by the narrarator:"I thought her anywhere between sixteen and thirty; as it turned out, she was shy two months of her nineteenth birthday."(Capote 12-13). Her inexperience and young age has her unsure what she really wants out of her life. Holly would finally come to realization after losing her no-name cat. And even at the end of the novel, she is still in search of home.

==Major Symbols==
===Tiffany & Co. ===

Tiffany's is a jewelry store Holly feels is the best place for her to calm down and feel at home. She explains it as the cure for her "mean reds" to the narrarator (Cash):"What I've found does the most good is just to get into a taxi and go to Tiffany's," Holly says (Capote 40).

Tiffany's also symbolizes what Holly is searching for: a place she feels she belongs. A place she feels no harm can be done to her and she feels safe around men in particular."It calms me down right away, the quietness and the proud look of it; nothing very bad could happen to you there, not with those kind men in their nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets" (Capote 40).

===The "Mean Reds"===

The "mean reds" was a reoccuring problem Holly has. The narrarator first associated the "mean reds" with the blues (Cash). Holly is quick to denounce that theory. "No, the blues are because you're getting fat or maybe it's been raining too long. You're sad, that's all. But the mean reds are horrible. You're afraid and you sweat like hell, but you don't know what you're afraid of. Except something bad is going to happen, only you don't know what it is"(Capote 40). The narrarator makes another attempt to give an explanation by calling it angst, claiming everyone feels that same way (Cash). Holly takes the suggestion of Rusty Trawler and smokes marijuana and took an aspirin.

===The Fat Lady===
The fat lady was the female detective that wore the civilian clothes. The fat lady hair was " thick yellow braids roped around her head." The fat lady detective talk in a baby voice. She told Holly "come along, sister." You're going places." At this time, Holly did not want the fat lady hands touching her. Holly said: "Get them cotton-pickin hands off of me, you dreary,driveling old bull-dyke." This made the fat lady angry, so she slapped Holly so damned hard across her face,her head spinned to her over shoulder. As the detectives started to escort Holly down the stairs, she yells "please feed the cat."

===The Cat===
Although Holly tries to act like the cat doesn't really matter to her as a possession, she really does feel that it belongs to her. Holly never really admits this fact until she leaves the cat, then can't find it. "Oh Jesus God. we did belong to each other. He was mine." (Capote 109) The cat is one of the few things that holly truly feels is hers. Every time the cat appears in the story he seems to be the exact opposite of Holly, or acting in a complete opposite manner as Holly. "Her at losing her nameless, battered "slob" of a cat, far from being a sentimental excess on her part (and the narrator's), is an intensely serious expression of profound fear of relinquishment." (Nance) Holly shares a feeling of not belonging and acting on a moments notice with the cat. "Like the ugly tom cat she picks up by the river one day, her existence is improvised" (Hassan) Holly finally shows her fear of "perpetual homelessness" (Hassan) when she drops the cat off in Spanish Harlem, and after not being able to find it says: “I’m very scared, Buster. Yes, at last. Because it could go on forever. Not knowing what's yours until you've thrown it away." (Capote 109)

===The Bird Cage===
Holly gives the narrator the bird cage as a gift. The bird cage cost three-hundred fifty dollars. In return the narrator gives Holly a Saint Christopher's Metal from Tiffany's.

==Influences==
The somewhat "curious" title Breakfast at Tiffany's was inspired by a man from out-of-town that Capote heard about, who was "ignorant of New York" (Plimpton 161). As Plimpton asserts, when the man was asked to pick from the best restaurants in New York where to eat breakfast, he replied: "Well, let's have breakfast at Tiffany's," which was the only place he knew of (161).

Capote's life had a great deal of influence on the novella. Capote was a teenager when he began writing books, and the narrator also was a writer in his teens. Capote once said, "I always knew that I wanted to be a writer and that I wanted to be rich and famous" (Krebs). The narrator wanted to be a success early in life, and Capote expressed himself in the same sense. He knew "[he] had to be successful, and [he] had to be successful early" (Krebs). Capote turned into an alcholic because of his drinking at a young age. The narrator was also a heavy drinker. Holly and the narrator would go to the bar and drink many times. Capote was also a homosexual; his partner was Jack Dunphy [http://www.axiongraphicx.com/Capote.html]. In the novella, when the narrator is looking through Holly's book collection, he realizes that she only owns books about horses and baseball. The narrator has no interest in either subjuct. Holly mentions her love for horses and explains to the narrator how she does not like baseball at all, but she reads books about it for research purposes. Holly informs the narrator that if a man does not like either subject then she is in trouble any way because he does not like girls. The narrator's life in the novella is almost a mirror image of Capote.

In real life, Truman Capote's mother's name was Lillie Mae [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm] which is very similar to the real name he chose to give Holly of Lulamae. It is also interesting that the narrator in the novella is an aspiring writer just as Capote had been when he moved to New York and he also is given the same birthday as Capote which is September 30th.

Some have said that Capote's works were possibly influenced by the works of Edgar Allan Poe, but looking closely to Capote's own life experiences, this novella seems to be solely influenced by his own life with a bit of a flare. He was inspired by the women in his life to create Holly Golightly's character. As Clarke asserts, Capote modeled “his scatty central character...on half a dozen of the charming young beauties he had squired around Manhattan during and after World War II” (64). One woman who likes to take credit for inspiring Holly's character is Doris Lilly, who was like a sister to Capote in his youth. She actually lived in a “brownstone walk-up on East Seventy-eighth Street, exactly [like] the one in the book,” and says “there’s an awful lot of [her] in Holly Golightly” (Lilly 164).

==Other Novella's and Novels==
* Summer Crossing

* Other Voices, Other Rooms

* The Grass Harp

* The Muses Are Heard

* Breakfast at Tiffany's

* The Thanksgiving Visitor

* Summer Crossing
==Time Line==
* 1943 Summer Crossing
* 1945 "Miriam"
* 1948 Other Voices, Other Rooms
* 1949 A Tree of Night and Other Stories
* 1951 The Grass Harp - Novel
* 1952 The Grass Harp - Play
* 1953 Beat the Devil
* 1954 House of Flowers
* 1956 The Muses Are Heard
* 1956 "A Christmas Memory"
* 1957 "The Duke in His Domain"
* 1958 Breakfast at Tiffany's
* 1960 The Innocents
* 1963 The Collected Writings of Truman Capote
* 1966 In Cold Blood
* 1968 The Thanksgiving Visitor
* 1971 The Great Gatsby
* 1975 "Mojave" and "La Cote Basque, 1965"
* 1976 "Unspoiled Monsters" and "Kate McCloud"
* 1980 Music for Chameleons
* 1986 Answered Prayers: The Unfinished Novel
* 2005 Summer Crossing - * Previously unpublished Novel

==Additional Resources==
*Capote, Truman. The Complete Stories of Truman Capote. New York: The Random House Publishing Group, 2004.
*Clarke, Gerald. Capote: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
*Garsen, Helen S. Truman Capote. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1980.
*Goyen, William. "That Old Valentine Maker." New York Times Book Review. November 1958:5,38.

==Works Cited==
*Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Vintage Books - A division of Random House, 1993.
*Cash, Matthew. ''The Breakfast at Tiffany's Homepage''. 1996. University of Michigan. 14 March 2006. <www.personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html>
*Clarke, Gerald. ''Too Brief a Treat: The Letters of Truman Capote''. New York: Random House, 2004.
*Grzesiak, Rich. "My Significant Other, Truman Capote". [http://axiongrafix.com/capote.html]. 1987.
*Hassan, Ihab H. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21
*Krebs, Albin. "Truman Capote Is Dead at 59; Novelist of Style and Clarity". The New York Times on the web. 28 Aug.1984 <www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/28/home/capote-obit.html>
*Levine, Paul. ''Book Review of Breakfeast at Tiffany's/Levine''. The Georgia Review.3/(1959): 350-352
*Lilly, Doris. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances, and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. Ed. George Plimpton. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, 1997.
*Nance, Willaim L."The Worlds of Truman Capote, Stein and Day" 1970.Contemporary Literary Criticism.
*Plimpton, George. ''Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances,and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career''. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. 1997.
*Pugh, Tison. ''Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's''. ''The Explicator''. 6/(2002): 51-53

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-21T19:00:21Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==

[[Image:Images.jpg|thumb|A Martini]] Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's bar. They are discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. The narrator and Holly are steadily drinking Martinis. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==

* '''tums''' (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas "You're rockin' the boat kinda early," he complained, crunching on a Tums (Capote 72).

* '''rounds''' (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people. "It was not yet noon...and he'd already served us three rounds" (Capote 72).

* '''Lulamae''' (73)- Holly Golightly's name was Lulamae Barnes before she married Doc Golightly. "Her name's not Holly. She was a Lulamae Barnes. Was..."(Capote 66).

* '''Blue Mountains''' (74)- [http://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=164 Map] Holly must have been talking about the Blue Ridge Mountains when she said,"He must be in the Blue Mountains by now" (Capote 74).

== Commentary ==

[[Image:Bus.jpg|thumb|Doc leaves]] In this scene Holly Golightly's husband, Doc, finds her. The narrator finds out that Holly Golightly's real name is Lulamae and that she married Doc at the age of fourteen. Holly never divorced Doc. She says,"Divorce him? Of course I never divorced him. I was only fourteen, for God's sake. It couldn't have been legal" (Capote 72). Holly gets really drunk and then tells the narrator and Joe Bell what had happened the night before. Holly slept with Doc and justified the act by saying, "Well, I had to. Doc really loves me, you know. and I love him. He may have looked old and tacky to ''you''. But you don't know the sweetness of him. the confidence he can give to birds and brats and fragile things like that. Anyone who ever gave you confidence, you owe them a lot" (Capote 73). After that Holly and Doc went to the bus station, and Doc thought that Holly was going to leave with him. Holly does not leave with Doc. Instead she realizes that she is the same person now as she was when she was fourteen. She calls her problems the mean reds. "Capote uses some of his best dramatic irony in the novel with the characterization of Doc Golightly. Up until the last minute when he is ready to board a bus bound for Tulip, he truly believes that he has convinced Lulamae to come home with him. But as the reader and the narrator both know, she can't, it would be a total contradiction to everything she believes in" (Cash 4). It seems Holly has a fear of commitment, or of being tied down that has been inplanted in her from her young days. "a wild and homeless love of freedom." (Hassan) Holly and the narrator continue to drink as Holly tells Joe Bell to never love a wild thing. Holly then admits to her unhappiness by saying, "...it's better to look at the sky than live there" (Capote 74).

== Study Questions ==

# What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?
# What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?
# Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?
# What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?
# What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?
# What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?
# How old was Holly when she married Doc?
# Why does Holly believe she didn't have to divorce Doc?

== External Resources ==

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Capote, Truman. Breakfast at Tiffany's. New York: Vintage Books - A division of Random House, 1993.

*Hassan, Ihab H. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 10

2006-03-21T18:59:37Z

Csmith: /* Commentary */

== Summary ==

Joe Bell presents the newspapers to the narrator reguarding the arrest of Holly Golightly. He immediately thinks that Madame Spanella is to blame for the arrest, as she is always reporting complaints about Holly. Joe Bell is enraged when the narrator actually confesses that he, too, thinks Holly was involved in the drug smuggling. He later admits that Holly may have been unknowingly involved. The newpaper article lists the accounts against Holly. They both go back to Joe's bar to make phone calls to get Holly released from jail.

First, they attempt to contact O.J. Berman, but he does not want to be disturbed because he is receiving a massage. Next, they call Mr. Trawler. He is away to dinner, so they try to leave a message with Mag Wildwood, but they are unsuccessful. The narrator finally contacts Mr. Berman. By that hour, Berman is already aware of the news and pays a lawyer to get Holly out of jail.

The narrator goes to feed the cat and finds Jose's cousin in the apartment. He presents a letter to the narrator that reads "For Miss H.Golightly-Courtesy Bearer".(97)

== Notes ==

*'''[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/carouse carouse]''' (93) - to drink liquor deeply or freely; to engage in dissolute behavior. Joe Bell shows up to the bar carousing and too madly to speak clearly.

*'''[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/shyster shysters]''' (94) - one who is professionally unscrupulous especially in the practice of law or politics. Joe Bell describes the lawyers that he intends to hire as shysters.

*'''[http://www.m-w/dictionary/tumbler tumbler]''' (94) - a glass cup usually used for holding aolcohol. The narrator has a brandy tumbler full of coins in order to make telephone calls with regards to help Holly get out of jail.

*'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phony Phony]''' (95) - a deception made for personal gain. O.J. Berman thinks Holly is a real phony.

*'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iota iota]''' (97) - The word iota is used in English to express a very small amount, because iota is the smallest letter in the Greek alphabetThe narrator sits on Holly's bed and feels very bad for her situation.

== Commentary ==

Joe Bell goes to the narrator's apartment hysterical about what he read in the newspaper. He arrives unable to make complete sentences. He knows that Holly Golightly's accusations involve some illegal business. He is also aware that she is in jail, and that he has to do something to help her. He presents the newspaper to the narrator so he can read the counts.

Joe Bell asks the narrator if he thinks she could commit such an act. The narrator states: "But there, she did do it. Carry messages and whatnot---" (Capote 94). Joe doesn't expect that type of response from the narrator: "He popped a Tums in his mouth and, glaring at me, chewed it as though he were crunching my bones" (Capote 94).
Truman loved to cause turbulence and stir the pot.(Smith 426) Joe Bell and the narrator truly care for Holly, but seem to clash with eachother at the same time. They are committed to making sure she is released from jail. They immediately begin calling people that has money to bale Holly out as soon as possible. That is probably why they began with O.J. Berman.

When trying to contact some of Hollys friends for help the narrator begins to realize what holly said might be true, "Perhaps she'd been right when she said she had none, not really." (Capote 94).

Truman Capote had two childhood friends while growing up. They were Nelle Harper Lee and (Lula) Carson McCullers (1917-1967) - original name Lula Carson Smith. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

== Study Questions ==

1. With what does Joe Bell present the narrator when he arrives at his apartment?

2. Why isn't Jose able to be reached to get Holly out of jail?

3. Why is O.J. Berman unable to come to the telephone the first time the narrator calls?

4. What is the name of the lawyer O.J. Berman contacts to get Holly out of jail?

5. What special request does O.J. Berman give the lawyer?

6. How does the narrator enter into Holly's apartment to feed the cat?

7. Who is already in the apartment when the narrator arrives?

8. What is scribbled on the letter that the cousin presents to the narrator?

== External Resources ==

Smith, Liz. ''Harpers Bazaar''. New York: March 2006., Iss. 3532; pg. 426, 3pgs

==Works Cited ==
* Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Vintage Books - A division of Random House, 1993.

* Liz Smith. ''Harper's Bazaar. ''New York: March, 2006 Iss. 3532; pg.426, 3pgs.

[[Breakfast at Tiffany's 9|Section nine]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's 11|Section eleven]]

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 10

2006-03-21T18:55:35Z

Csmith: /* Commentary */

== Summary ==

Joe Bell presents the newspapers to the narrator reguarding the arrest of Holly Golightly. He immediately thinks that Madame Spanella is to blame for the arrest, as she is always reporting complaints about Holly. Joe Bell is enraged when the narrator actually confesses that he, too, thinks Holly was involved in the drug smuggling. He later admits that Holly may have been unknowingly involved. The newpaper article lists the accounts against Holly. They both go back to Joe's bar to make phone calls to get Holly released from jail.

First, they attempt to contact O.J. Berman, but he does not want to be disturbed because he is receiving a massage. Next, they call Mr. Trawler. He is away to dinner, so they try to leave a message with Mag Wildwood, but they are unsuccessful. The narrator finally contacts Mr. Berman. By that hour, Berman is already aware of the news and pays a lawyer to get Holly out of jail.

The narrator goes to feed the cat and finds Jose's cousin in the apartment. He presents a letter to the narrator that reads "For Miss H.Golightly-Courtesy Bearer".(97)

== Notes ==

*'''[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/carouse carouse]''' (93) - to drink liquor deeply or freely; to engage in dissolute behavior. Joe Bell shows up to the bar carousing and too madly to speak clearly.

*'''[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/shyster shysters]''' (94) - one who is professionally unscrupulous especially in the practice of law or politics. Joe Bell describes the lawyers that he intends to hire as shysters.

*'''[http://www.m-w/dictionary/tumbler tumbler]''' (94) - a glass cup usually used for holding aolcohol. The narrator has a brandy tumbler full of coins in order to make telephone calls with regards to help Holly get out of jail.

*'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phony Phony]''' (95) - a deception made for personal gain. O.J. Berman thinks Holly is a real phony.

*'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iota iota]''' (97) - The word iota is used in English to express a very small amount, because iota is the smallest letter in the Greek alphabetThe narrator sits on Holly's bed and feels very bad for her situation.

== Commentary ==

Joe Bell goes to the narrator's apartment hysterical about what he read in the newspaper. He arrives unable to make complete sentences. He knows that Holly Golightly's accusations involve some illegal business. He is also aware that she is in jail, and that he has to do something to help her. He presents the newspaper to the narrator so he can read the counts.

Joe Bell asks the narrator if he thinks she could commit such an act. The narrator states: "But there, she did do it. Carry messages and whatnot---" (Capote 94). Joe doesn't expect that type of response from the narrator: "He popped a Tums in his mouth and, glaring at me, chewed it as though he were crunching my bones" (Capote 94).
Truman loved to cause turbulence and stir the pot.(Smith 426) Joe Bell and the narrator truly care for Holly, but seem to clash with eachother at the same time. They are committed to making sure she is released from jail. They immediately begin calling people that has money to bale Holly out as soon as possible. That is probably why they began with O.J. Berman.

Truman Capote had two childhood friends while growing up. They were Nelle Harper Lee and (Lula) Carson McCullers (1917-1967) - original name Lula Carson Smith. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

== Study Questions ==

1. With what does Joe Bell present the narrator when he arrives at his apartment?

2. Why isn't Jose able to be reached to get Holly out of jail?

3. Why is O.J. Berman unable to come to the telephone the first time the narrator calls?

4. What is the name of the lawyer O.J. Berman contacts to get Holly out of jail?

5. What special request does O.J. Berman give the lawyer?

6. How does the narrator enter into Holly's apartment to feed the cat?

7. Who is already in the apartment when the narrator arrives?

8. What is scribbled on the letter that the cousin presents to the narrator?

== External Resources ==

Smith, Liz. ''Harpers Bazaar''. New York: March 2006., Iss. 3532; pg. 426, 3pgs

==Works Cited ==
* Capote, Truman. ''Breakfast at Tiffany's''. New York: Vintage Books - A division of Random House, 1993.

* Liz Smith. ''Harper's Bazaar. ''New York: March, 2006 Iss. 3532; pg.426, 3pgs.

[[Breakfast at Tiffany's 9|Section nine]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's 11|Section eleven]]

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-21T18:51:31Z

Csmith: /* The Cat */

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-21T18:23:40Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-21T18:22:42Z

Csmith: /* The Cat */

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-21T18:04:11Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==

[[Image:Images.jpg|thumb|A Martini]] Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's bar. They are discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. The narrator and Holly are steadily drinking Martinis. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==

* '''tums''' (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas "You're rockin' the boat kinda early," he complained, crunching on a Tums (Capote 72).

* '''rounds''' (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people. "It was not yet noon...and he'd already served us three rounds" (Capote 72).

* '''Lulamae''' (73)- Holly Golightly's name was Lulamae Barnes before she married Doc Golightly. "Her name's not Holly. She was a Lulamae Barnes. Was..."(Capote 66).

* '''Blue Mountains''' (74)- [http://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=164 Map] Holly must have been talking about the Blue Ridge Mountains when she said,"He must be in the Blue Mountains by now" (Capote 74).

== Commentary ==

[[Image:Bus.jpg|thumb|Doc leaves]] In this scene Holly Golightly's husband, Doc, finds her. The narrator finds out that Holly Golightly's real name is Lulamae and that she married Doc at the age of fourteen. Holly never divorced Doc. She says,"Divorce him? Of course I never divorced him. I was only fourteen, for God's sake. It couldn't have been legal" (Capote 72). Holly gets really drunk and then tells the narrator and Joe Bell what had happened the night before. Holly slept with Doc and justified the act by saying, "Well, I had to. Doc really loves me, you know. and I love him. He may have looked old and tacky to ''you''. But you don't know the sweetness of him. the confidence he can give to birds and brats and fragile things like that. Anyone who ever gave you confidence, you owe them a lot" (Capote 73). After that Holly and Doc went to the bus station, and Doc thought that Holly was going to leave with him. Holly does not leave with Doc. Instead she realizes that she is the same person now as she was when she was fourteen. She calls her problems the mean reds. "Capote uses some of his best dramatic irony in the novel with the characterization of Doc Golightly. Up until the last minute when he is ready to board a bus bound for Tulip, he truly believes that he has convinced Lulamae to come home with him. But as the reader and the narrator both know, she can't, it would be a total contradiction to everything she believes in" (Cash 4). It seems Holly has a fear of commitment, or of being tied down that has been inplanted in her from her young days. "a wild and homeless love of freedom." (Hassan) Holly and the narrator continue to drink as Holly tells Joe Bell to never love a wild thing. Holly then admits to her unhappiness by saying, "...it's better to look at the sky than live there" (Capote 74).

== Study Questions ==

# What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?
# What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?
# Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?
# What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?
# What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?
# What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?
# How old was Holly when she married Doc?
# Why does Holly believe she didn't have to divorce Doc?

== External Resources ==

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Hassan, Ihab H. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-21T18:03:52Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==

[[Image:Images.jpg|thumb|A Martini]] Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's bar. They are discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. The narrator and Holly are steadily drinking Martinis. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==

* '''tums''' (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas "You're rockin' the boat kinda early," he complained, crunching on a Tums (Capote 72).

* '''rounds''' (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people. "It was not yet noon...and he'd already served us three rounds" (Capote 72).

* '''Lulamae''' (73)- Holly Golightly's name was Lulamae Barnes before she married Doc Golightly. "Her name's not Holly. She was a Lulamae Barnes. Was..."(Capote 66).

* '''Blue Mountains''' (74)- [http://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=164 Map] Holly must have been talking about the Blue Ridge Mountains when she said,"He must be in the Blue Mountains by now" (Capote 74).

== Commentary ==

[[Image:Bus.jpg|thumb|Doc leaves]] In this scene Holly Golightly's husband, Doc, finds her. The narrator finds out that Holly Golightly's real name is Lulamae and that she married Doc at the age of fourteen. Holly never divorced Doc. She says,"Divorce him? Of course I never divorced him. I was only fourteen, for God's sake. It couldn't have been legal" (Capote 72). Holly gets really drunk and then tells the narrator and Joe Bell what had happened the night before. Holly slept with Doc and justified the act by saying, "Well, I had to. Doc really loves me, you know. and I love him. He may have looked old and tacky to ''you''. But you don't know the sweetness of him. the confidence he can give to birds and brats and fragile things like that. Anyone who ever gave you confidence, you owe them a lot" (Capote 73). After that Holly and Doc went to the bus station, and Doc thought that Holly was going to leave with him. Holly does not leave with Doc. Instead she realizes that she is the same person now as she was when she was fourteen. She calls her problems the mean reds. "Capote uses some of his best dramatic irony in the novel with the characterization of Doc Golightly. Up until the last minute when he is ready to board a bus bound for Tulip, he truly believes that he has convinced Lulamae to come home with him. But as the reader and the narrator both know, she can't, it would be a total contradiction to everything she believes in" (Cash 4). It seems Holly has a fear of commitment, or of being tied down that has been inplanted in her from her young days. "a wild and homeless love of freedom." (Hassan) Holly and the narrator continue to drink as Holly tells Joe Bell to never love a wild thing. Holly then admits to her unhappiness by saying, "...it's better to look at the sky than live there" (Capote 74).

== Study Questions ==

# What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?
# What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?
# Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?
# What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?
# What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?
# What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?
# How old was Holly when she married Doc?
# Why does Holly believe she didn't have to divorce Doc?

== External Resources ==

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
*Hassan, Ihab h. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-21T18:03:36Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

== Summary ==

[[Image:Images.jpg|thumb|A Martini]] Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's bar. They are discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. The narrator and Holly are steadily drinking Martinis. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==

* '''tums''' (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas "You're rockin' the boat kinda early," he complained, crunching on a Tums (Capote 72).

* '''rounds''' (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people. "It was not yet noon...and he'd already served us three rounds" (Capote 72).

* '''Lulamae''' (73)- Holly Golightly's name was Lulamae Barnes before she married Doc Golightly. "Her name's not Holly. She was a Lulamae Barnes. Was..."(Capote 66).

* '''Blue Mountains''' (74)- [http://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=164 Map] Holly must have been talking about the Blue Ridge Mountains when she said,"He must be in the Blue Mountains by now" (Capote 74).

== Commentary ==

[[Image:Bus.jpg|thumb|Doc leaves]] In this scene Holly Golightly's husband, Doc, finds her. The narrator finds out that Holly Golightly's real name is Lulamae and that she married Doc at the age of fourteen. Holly never divorced Doc. She says,"Divorce him? Of course I never divorced him. I was only fourteen, for God's sake. It couldn't have been legal" (Capote 72). Holly gets really drunk and then tells the narrator and Joe Bell what had happened the night before. Holly slept with Doc and justified the act by saying, "Well, I had to. Doc really loves me, you know. and I love him. He may have looked old and tacky to ''you''. But you don't know the sweetness of him. the confidence he can give to birds and brats and fragile things like that. Anyone who ever gave you confidence, you owe them a lot" (Capote 73). After that Holly and Doc went to the bus station, and Doc thought that Holly was going to leave with him. Holly does not leave with Doc. Instead she realizes that she is the same person now as she was when she was fourteen. She calls her problems the mean reds. "Capote uses some of his best dramatic irony in the novel with the characterization of Doc Golightly. Up until the last minute when he is ready to board a bus bound for Tulip, he truly believes that he has convinced Lulamae to come home with him. But as the reader and the narrator both know, she can't, it would be a total contradiction to everything she believes in" (Cash 4). It seems Holly has a fear of commitment, or of being tied down that has been inplanted in her from her young days. "a wild and homeless love of freedom." (Hassan) Holly and the narrator continue to drink as Holly tells Joe Bell to never love a wild thing. Holly then admits to her unhappiness by saying, "...it's better to look at the sky than live there" (Capote 74).

== Study Questions ==

# What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?
# What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?
# Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?
# What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?
# What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?
# What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?
# How old was Holly when she married Doc?
# Why does Holly believe she didn't have to divorce Doc?

== External Resources ==

*Cash, Matthew. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bcash/criticalanalysis.html A Travelin' Through the Pastures of the Sky: A Critical Analysis of Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 1996.

== Works Cited ==
Hassan, Ihab h. "Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature". Vol.1, No.2. Spring, 1960. pp.5-21

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-21T18:01:25Z

Csmith: /* Commentary */

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-21T17:44:26Z

Csmith: /* The Cat */

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-21T17:42:31Z

Csmith: /* Works Cited */

Breakfast at Tiffany's

2006-03-21T17:39:03Z

Csmith: /* The Cat */

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 10

2006-03-20T08:44:59Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

== Summary ==

Joe Bell presented the newspapers to the narrator reguarding the arrest of Holly Golightly. The newpaper article listed the accounts against Holly. They both went back to Joe's bar to make phone calls to get Holly released from jail.

First, they tried to contact O.J. Berman but he did not want to be disturbed because he was getting a massage. Next, they called Mr. Trawler who was away to dinner so they tried to leave a message with Mag Wildwood but they were unsuccessful. The narrator finally got a hold of Mr. Berman. By that hour, Berman had heard the news and payed a lawyer to get Holly out of jail.

The narrator went to feed the cat and found Holly's cousin in the apartment. He presented a letter to the narrator that read ''For Miss H.Golightly-Courtesy Bearer''.(97)

== Notes ==

*'''shysters''' (94) - one who is professionally unscrupulous especially in the practice of law or politics.(http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/shyster). Joe Bell describes the lawyers that he intended to hire as shysters.

*'''tumbler''' (94) - a glass cup usually used for holding aolcohol. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbler). A brandy tumbler is what the narrator had full of coins in order to make telephone calls with regards to help Holly get out of jail.

*'''phony''' (95) - a deception made for personal gain.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phony). O.J. Berman thought Holly was a real phony.

*'''Iota''' (97) - The word iota is used in English to express a very small amount, because iota is the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iota). The narrator sat on Holly's bed and felt very bad for her situation.

== Commentary ==

Joe Bell came to the narrator's apartment hysterical about what he read in the newspaper. He arrived unable to make complete sentences. He knew they had accused Holly Golightly of being involved in some illegal business. He also knew that she was in jail and he had to do something to help her. He presented the newspaper to the narrator so he could read the counts.

Joe Bell asked the narrator if he thought she could commit such an act. The narrator stated "But there, she did do it. Carry messages and whatnot---". (Capote 94) Joe didn't expect that type of response from the narrator. He popped a Tums in his mouth and, glaring at me, chewed it as though he were crunching my bones. (Capote 94)

Joe Bell truly cared for Holly. He knew he had to free her from that jail cell. He immediately start calling people that would bale Holly out as soon as possible. That's probably why he began with O.J. Berman.

Truman Capote had two childhood friends while growing up. They were Nelle Harper Lee and (Lula) Carson McCullers (1917-1967) - original name Lula Carson Smith. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/capote.htm

== Study Questions ==

== External Resources ==

==Works Cited ==

[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]] | [[Breakfast at Tiffany's 2|Section two]] >

[[Category:Literature]]

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-20T07:39:26Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

== Summary ==

Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's tarven discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==
* '''martini''' (72)-a drink; a cocktail that consists of gin and vodka. "Holly tapped an empty martini glass" (Capote 72)

* '''tums''' (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas "You're rockin' the boat kinda early," he complained, crunching on a Tums. (Capote 72)

* '''mahogany''' (72)- a reddish, easy to work with, sturdy wood used to make furniture (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahogany) The clock at Joe Bell's bar is made from mahogany.

* '''rounds''' (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people. "It was not yet noon...and he'd already served us three rounds." (Capote 72)

== Commentary ==

== Study Questions ==

1. What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?

2. What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?

3. Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?

4. What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?

5. What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?

6. What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?

7. How old was Holly when she married Doc?

== External Resources ==

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-20T07:32:21Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

== Summary ==

Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's tarven discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==
* '''martini''' (72)-a drink; a cocktail that consists of gin and vodka.

* '''tums''' (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas

* '''mahogany''' (72)- a reddish, easy to work with, sturdy wood used to make furniture (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahogany) The clock at Joe Bell's bar is made from mahogany.

* '''rounds''' (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people

== Commentary ==

== Study Questions ==

1. What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?

2. What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?

3. Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?

4. What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?

5. What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?

6. What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?

7. How old was Holly when she married Doc?

== External Resources ==

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-20T07:24:36Z

Csmith: /* Summary */

== Summary ==

Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's tarven discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly, why she married him,and why she never divorced him. Joe, at many points during the discussion, tries to listen and give his opinion. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==
* martini (72)-a drink; a cocktail that consists of gin and vodka.

* tums (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas

* mahogany (72)- a reddish, easy to work with, sturdy wood used to make furniture

* rounds (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people

== Commentary ==

== Study Questions ==

1. What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?

2. What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?

3. Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?

4. What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?

5. What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?

6. What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?

7. How old was Holly when she married Doc?

== External Resources ==

Breakfast at Tiffany's Section 7

2006-03-20T06:54:22Z

Csmith: /* Notes */

== Summary ==

Holly and the protangist are in Joe Bell's tarven discussing her evening with her husband Doc Golightly. She is telling the protangist and Joe that she feels that Doc's mistake was his "love" for wild things. Holly offers a toast to Doc, believeing that he has made it to the Blue Mountains.

== Notes ==
* martini (72)-a drink; a cocktail that consists of gin and vodka.

* tums (72)- an [http://tums.com antacid] for gas

* mahogany (72)- a reddish, easy to work with, sturdy wood used to make furniture

* rounds (72)- a set of drinks bought by and individual for another person or a group of people

== Commentary ==

== Study Questions ==

1. What time are Holly and the protangist at Joe Bell's bar? How many rounds have they already had?

2. What mistake did Holly believe Doc was making?

3. Why did Holly need to explain or justify herself to Mr. Bell?

4. What does Holly mean by the statement "the mean reds"?

5. What was Holly Golightly's name before she married Doc?

6. What does Holly realize about herself on page 73?

7. How old was Holly when she married Doc?

== External Resources ==

Rhetoric

2006-02-16T02:08:14Z

Csmith:

==Rhetoric==

The art of speaking or writing persuasively or effectively. Any affective use of speach.

Rhetoric was prominently used in ancient education. Someone using Rhetoric would work to organize figures of speech, arrangement, and the delivery of what was being said. The [[http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ROMANTICISM&x=11&y=17]][[Romantic]] movement put an end to the importance placed on rhetoric, by pointing out that it was "shallow", and void of real meaning. When used in Greek, rhEtorikE, literally meant the art of oratory. Oratory means "the art of speaking in public eloquently or effectively" ("Oratory") Someone who practiced, studied, or created rhetoric was known as a rhetorician.

==Bibliography==

Baldick, Chris. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

"Oratory." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2004. http://www.merriam-webster.com (2 Jan. 2004).

"Rhetoric." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2004. http://www.merriam-webster.com (2 Jan. 2004).